Vesicular Stomatitis

14,000,000 Leading Edge Experts on the ideXlab platform

Scan Science and Technology

Contact Leading Edge Experts & Companies

Scan Science and Technology

Contact Leading Edge Experts & Companies

The Experts below are selected from a list of 123 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Elizabeth W Howerth - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Effect of strain and serotype of Vesicular Stomatitis virus on viral shedding, Vesicular lesion development, and contact transmission in pigs
    American Journal of Veterinary Research, 2004
    Co-Authors: David E Stallknecht, Jonathan B. Greer, Molly D. Murphy, Daniel G Mead, Elizabeth W Howerth
    Abstract:

    Objective—To determine whether pigs can be infected with strains of Vesicular Stomatitis virus New Jersey (VSV-NJ) and Vesicular Stomatitis virus Indiana (VSV-I) isolated during recent Vesicular Stomatitis outbreaks that primarily involved horses in the western United States and determine the potential for these viruses to be transmitted by contact. Animals—128 pigs. Procedure—Pigs were challenged with VSV-NJ or VSV-I from the 1995 and 1997 outbreaks of Vesicular Stomatitis in the western United States, respectively, or with VSV-NJ (OS) associated with Vesicular Stomatitis in feral pigs on Ossabaw Island, Ga. Pigs (3/group) were inoculated with each virus via 3 routes and evaluated for viral shedding, seroconversion, and the development of Vesicular lesions. In another experiment, the potential for contact transmission of each virus from experimentally infected to naive pigs was evaluated. Results—Infection of pigs was achieved for all 3 viruses as determined by virus isolation and detection of seroconver...

  • Immunolocalization of Vesicular Stomatitis virus in black flies (Simulium vittatum).
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2002
    Co-Authors: Elizabeth W Howerth, Daniel G Mead, David E Stallknecht
    Abstract:

    : Vesicular Stomatitis, a disease of cattle, horses, and swine, is caused by either Vesicular Stomatitis virus, New Jersey serotype (VSV-NJ), or Vesicular Stomatitis virus, Indiana serotype, which are related viruses in the genus Vesiculovirus, family Rhabdoviridae. Although recognized for at least 160 years, the epidemiology and pathogenesis of this disease remains undefined. Black flies have been suggested as a vector for VSV-NJ. In this study we infected three- to four-week-old female black flies with VSV-NJ via feeding of virus-spiked ox blood or intrathoracic inoculation, and demonstrated the location of virus by immunohistochemistry. These preliminary findings suggest that VSV-NJ initially infects the gut in the natural situation but that subsequent spread to the salivary gland may be blocked in older flies, decreasing their ability to transmit the virus. The pattern of staining was different in intrathoracic inoculated flies. In these flies, salivary gland involvement was more likely, and extensive staining of eye, brain, and hemolymph suggested a more generalized infection that apparently circumvented the gut. We conclude that intrathoracic inoculation may be an inappropriate method of infection for determining vector competence and that the age of the vector should be considered when conducting competency studies.

David E Stallknecht - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Effect of strain and serotype of Vesicular Stomatitis virus on viral shedding, Vesicular lesion development, and contact transmission in pigs
    American Journal of Veterinary Research, 2004
    Co-Authors: David E Stallknecht, Jonathan B. Greer, Molly D. Murphy, Daniel G Mead, Elizabeth W Howerth
    Abstract:

    Objective—To determine whether pigs can be infected with strains of Vesicular Stomatitis virus New Jersey (VSV-NJ) and Vesicular Stomatitis virus Indiana (VSV-I) isolated during recent Vesicular Stomatitis outbreaks that primarily involved horses in the western United States and determine the potential for these viruses to be transmitted by contact. Animals—128 pigs. Procedure—Pigs were challenged with VSV-NJ or VSV-I from the 1995 and 1997 outbreaks of Vesicular Stomatitis in the western United States, respectively, or with VSV-NJ (OS) associated with Vesicular Stomatitis in feral pigs on Ossabaw Island, Ga. Pigs (3/group) were inoculated with each virus via 3 routes and evaluated for viral shedding, seroconversion, and the development of Vesicular lesions. In another experiment, the potential for contact transmission of each virus from experimentally infected to naive pigs was evaluated. Results—Infection of pigs was achieved for all 3 viruses as determined by virus isolation and detection of seroconver...

  • Immunolocalization of Vesicular Stomatitis virus in black flies (Simulium vittatum).
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2002
    Co-Authors: Elizabeth W Howerth, Daniel G Mead, David E Stallknecht
    Abstract:

    : Vesicular Stomatitis, a disease of cattle, horses, and swine, is caused by either Vesicular Stomatitis virus, New Jersey serotype (VSV-NJ), or Vesicular Stomatitis virus, Indiana serotype, which are related viruses in the genus Vesiculovirus, family Rhabdoviridae. Although recognized for at least 160 years, the epidemiology and pathogenesis of this disease remains undefined. Black flies have been suggested as a vector for VSV-NJ. In this study we infected three- to four-week-old female black flies with VSV-NJ via feeding of virus-spiked ox blood or intrathoracic inoculation, and demonstrated the location of virus by immunohistochemistry. These preliminary findings suggest that VSV-NJ initially infects the gut in the natural situation but that subsequent spread to the salivary gland may be blocked in older flies, decreasing their ability to transmit the virus. The pattern of staining was different in intrathoracic inoculated flies. In these flies, salivary gland involvement was more likely, and extensive staining of eye, brain, and hemolymph suggested a more generalized infection that apparently circumvented the gut. We conclude that intrathoracic inoculation may be an inappropriate method of infection for determining vector competence and that the age of the vector should be considered when conducting competency studies.

Richard G Vile - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • oncolytic immunovirotherapy for melanoma using Vesicular Stomatitis virus
    Cancer Research, 2007
    Co-Authors: Rosa Maria Diaz, Feorillo Galivo, Timothy Kottke, Phonphimon Wongthida, Jian Qiao, Jill Thompson, Mikael Valdes, Glen N Barber, Richard G Vile
    Abstract:

    Relatively little attention has been paid to the role of virotherapy in promoting antitumor immune responses. Here, we show that CD8+ T cells are critical for the efficacy of intratumoral Vesicular Stomatitis virus virotherapy and are induced against both virally encoded and tumor-associated immunodominant epitopes. We tested three separate immune interventions to increase the frequency/activity of activated antitumoral T cells. Depletion of Treg had a negative therapeutic effect because it relieved suppression of the antiviral immune response, leading to early viral clearance. In contrast, increasing the circulating levels of tumor antigen-specific T cells using adoptive T cell transfer therapy, in combination with intratumoral virotherapy, generated significantly improved therapy over either adoptive therapy or virotherapy alone. Moreover, the incorporation of a tumor-associated antigen within the oncolytic Vesicular Stomatitis virus increased the levels of activation of naive T cells against the antigen, which translated into increased antitumor therapy. Therefore, our results show that strategies which enhance immune activation against tumor-associated antigens can also be used to enhance the efficacy of virotherapy.

Beverly Schmitt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Vesicular Stomatitis.
    The Veterinary clinics of North America. Food animal practice, 2002
    Co-Authors: Beverly Schmitt
    Abstract:

    Vesicular Stomatitis is an infrequent yet important Vesicular disease of cattle, horses, and swine. Periodic outbreaks of this disease in the United States have caused economic losses in cattle herds because of decreased production, movement restrictions, and trade embargoes. Vesicular Stomatitis causes clinical signs indistinguishable from those of foot-and-mouth disease. It is of utmost importance that appropriate samples are collected from clinical cases of Vesicular disease in cattle and swine so a rapid laboratory diagnosis can be made.

Daniel G Mead - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Effect of strain and serotype of Vesicular Stomatitis virus on viral shedding, Vesicular lesion development, and contact transmission in pigs
    American Journal of Veterinary Research, 2004
    Co-Authors: David E Stallknecht, Jonathan B. Greer, Molly D. Murphy, Daniel G Mead, Elizabeth W Howerth
    Abstract:

    Objective—To determine whether pigs can be infected with strains of Vesicular Stomatitis virus New Jersey (VSV-NJ) and Vesicular Stomatitis virus Indiana (VSV-I) isolated during recent Vesicular Stomatitis outbreaks that primarily involved horses in the western United States and determine the potential for these viruses to be transmitted by contact. Animals—128 pigs. Procedure—Pigs were challenged with VSV-NJ or VSV-I from the 1995 and 1997 outbreaks of Vesicular Stomatitis in the western United States, respectively, or with VSV-NJ (OS) associated with Vesicular Stomatitis in feral pigs on Ossabaw Island, Ga. Pigs (3/group) were inoculated with each virus via 3 routes and evaluated for viral shedding, seroconversion, and the development of Vesicular lesions. In another experiment, the potential for contact transmission of each virus from experimentally infected to naive pigs was evaluated. Results—Infection of pigs was achieved for all 3 viruses as determined by virus isolation and detection of seroconver...

  • Immunolocalization of Vesicular Stomatitis virus in black flies (Simulium vittatum).
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2002
    Co-Authors: Elizabeth W Howerth, Daniel G Mead, David E Stallknecht
    Abstract:

    : Vesicular Stomatitis, a disease of cattle, horses, and swine, is caused by either Vesicular Stomatitis virus, New Jersey serotype (VSV-NJ), or Vesicular Stomatitis virus, Indiana serotype, which are related viruses in the genus Vesiculovirus, family Rhabdoviridae. Although recognized for at least 160 years, the epidemiology and pathogenesis of this disease remains undefined. Black flies have been suggested as a vector for VSV-NJ. In this study we infected three- to four-week-old female black flies with VSV-NJ via feeding of virus-spiked ox blood or intrathoracic inoculation, and demonstrated the location of virus by immunohistochemistry. These preliminary findings suggest that VSV-NJ initially infects the gut in the natural situation but that subsequent spread to the salivary gland may be blocked in older flies, decreasing their ability to transmit the virus. The pattern of staining was different in intrathoracic inoculated flies. In these flies, salivary gland involvement was more likely, and extensive staining of eye, brain, and hemolymph suggested a more generalized infection that apparently circumvented the gut. We conclude that intrathoracic inoculation may be an inappropriate method of infection for determining vector competence and that the age of the vector should be considered when conducting competency studies.