The Experts below are selected from a list of 321 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
James D Oliver - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Vibrio vulnificus new insights into a deadly opportunistic pathogen
Environmental Microbiology, 2018Co-Authors: Craig Bakeraustin, James D OliverAbstract:Vibrio vulnificus is a Gram-negative aquatic bacterium first isolated by the United States (US) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in 1964. This bacterium is part of the normal microbiota of estuarine waters and occurs in high numbers in molluscan shellfish around the world, particularly in warmer months. Infections in humans are derived from consumption of seafood produce and from water exposure. Vibrio vulnificus is a striking and enigmatic human pathogen, yet many aspects related to its biology, genomics, virulence capabilities and epidemiology remain elusive and poorly understood. This pathogen is responsible for over 95% of seafood-related deaths in the United States, and carries the highest fatality rate of any food-borne pathogen. Indeed, infections associated with this pathogen that progress to primary septicaemia have a similar case fatality rate to category BSL 3 and 4 pathogens, such as anthrax, bubonic plague, Ebola and Marburg fever. Interestingly, V. vulnificus infections disproportionately affect males (∼85% of cases) and older patients (> 40 years), especially those with underlying conditions such as liver diseases, diabetes and immune disorders. New insights from molecular studies and comparative genomic approaches have offered tantalising insights into this pathogen. A recent increase and geographical spread in reported infections, in particular wound cases, underlines the growing international importance of V. vulnificus, particularly in the context of coastal warming. We outline and explore here a range of current data gaps regarding this important pathogen, and provide some current thoughts on approaches to elucidate key aspects associated with this bacterium.
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the biology of Vibrio vulnificus
Microbiology spectrum, 2015Co-Authors: James D OliverAbstract:Vibrio vulnificus, carrying a 50% fatality rate, is the most deadly of the foodborne pathogens. It occurs in estuarine and coastal waters and it is found in especially high numbers in oysters and other molluscan shellfish. The biology of V. vulnificus, including its ecology, pathogenesis, and molecular genetics, has been described in numerous reviews. This article provides a brief summary of some of the key aspects of this important human pathogen, including information on biotypes and genotypes, virulence factors, risk factor requirements and the role of iron in disease, association with oysters, geographic distribution, importance of salinity and water temperature, increasing incidence associated with global warming. This article includes some of our findings as presented at the “Vibrios in the Environment 2010” conference held in Biloxi, MS.
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the interactions of Vibrio vulnificus and the oyster crassostrea virginica
Microbial Ecology, 2013Co-Authors: Brett Froelich, James D OliverAbstract:The human bacterial pathogen, Vibrio vulnificus, is found in brackish waters and is concentrated by filter-feeding molluscan shellfish, especially oysters, which inhabit those waters. Ingestion of raw or undercooked oysters containing virulent strains of V. vulnificus can result in rapid septicemia and death in 50 % of victims. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the environmental interactions between these two organisms, including the effects of salinity and temperature on colonization, uptake, and depuration rates of various phenotypes and genotypes of the bacterium, and host–microbe immunological interactions.
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Vibrio vulnificus disease and pathogenesis
Infection and Immunity, 2009Co-Authors: Melissa K Jones, James D OliverAbstract:Vibrio vulnificus is an opportunistic human pathogen that is highly lethal and is responsible for the overwhelming majority of reported seafood-related deaths in the United States ([30][1], [117][2]). This bacterium is a part of the natural flora of coastal marine environments worldwide and has been
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csrA inhibits the formation of biofilms by Vibrio vulnificus.
Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2008Co-Authors: Melissa K Jones, Elizabeth Warner, James D OliverAbstract:PCR screening of the shellfish-borne pathogen Vibrio vulnificus revealed csrA-negative strains, and these strains formed increased biofilm compared to csrA-positive strains. Complementation in trans with csrA resulted in reduced biofilm formation, similar to that by csrA+ strains. Our results provide evidence that csrA inhibits biofilm formation in V. vulnificus.
Yin-ching Chuang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Vibrio vulnificus in taiwan
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2004Co-Authors: Poren Hsueh, Hung Jen Tang, Yin-ching ChuangAbstract:Residents in Taiwan are often exposed to marine microorganisms through seafood and occupational exposure. The number of reported cases of infection attributable to this organism has increased since the first case was reported in 1985. The increasing number of cases may be caused by greater disease activity or improved recognition by clinicians or laboratory workers. We analyze a clinical-case series of 84 patients with Vibrio vulnificus infection from 1995 to 2000 and describe the molecular epidemiologic features of pathogens isolated from these patients. The spectrum of clinical manifestations and outcomes, options of antimicrobial therapy, and virulence mechanisms were investigated. Results of molecular typing of isolates from humans and marine environment in this country had a high genetic divergence among these isolates. Education and measures are needed to prevent this emerging disease.
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Extensive cellulitis with septic shock caused by Vibrio vulnificus infection--a case report with review of literature.
The Journal of the Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases, 1991Co-Authors: Yin-ching Chuang, Chenden YoungAbstract:persons: Primary septicemia and wound infection, both associated with high mortality2,3) Vibrio vulnificus infection is not rare in the Southwestern coast of Taiwan in our own experience) . Here we report a "characteristi c" victim with extensive cellulitis and septic shock caused by Vibrio vulnificus infection , who was successfully resuscitated by early recognition , appropriate antibiotics and prompt surgical intervention.
Yao Hung Tsai - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Comparison of Necrotizing Fasciitis and Sepsis Caused by Vibrio vulnificus and Staphylococcus aureus
Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery American Volume, 2011Co-Authors: Yao Hung Tsai, Kuo-chin Huang, Tsung Jen HuangAbstract:Background: Vibrio vulnificus can cause a rapidly progressive fatal soft-tissue infection. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common cause of skin and soft-tissue infections reported worldwide, and, in particular, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus has emerged as the most common isolate in emergency departments. The purposes of the present study were to compare the specific characteristics of Vibrio vulnificus and Staphylococcus aureus infections and to compare the clinical outcomes of Vibrio vulnificus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus necrotizing infections. Methods: One hundred and fifteen patients with necrotizing fasciitis caused by Vibrio vulnificus (sixty patients) or Staphylococcus aureus (fifty-five patients) were retrospectively reviewed over a six-year period. Differences in mortality, patient characteristics, clinical presentations, laboratory data, and hospital course were compared between the Vibrio vulnificus and Staphylococcus aureus groups. Results: Nineteen patients (including eleven in the Vibrio vulnificus group and eight in the Staphylococcus aureus group) died, resulting in a mortality rate of 16.5%. We found significant differences between the two groups with regard to hypotension, fever, the interval between contact and admission, the interval between the diagnosis of necrotizing fasciitis and the first operation, and admission to the intensive care unit. The patients in the Vibrio vulnificus group had significantly lower total white blood-cell counts, higher banded white blood-cell counts, and lower platelet counts as compared with those in the Staphylococcus aureus group. The proportion of patients who were hypotensive (as indicated by a systolic blood pressure of ≤90 mm Hg) was significantly greater in the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus subgroup than in the methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus subgroup. Patients with hepatic dysfunction were significantly more likely to have Vibrio vulnificus infection, and those with diabetes mellitus were significantly more likely to have Staphylococcus aureus infection. Conclusions: Necrotizing fasciitis caused by Vibrio vulnificus and Staphylococcus aureus is a surgical emergency. Vibrio vulnificus infection progresses more rapidly and the clinical characteristics are more fulminant than either methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus or methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus infection. Level of Evidence: Prognostic Level II. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
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necrotizing soft tissue infections and sepsis caused by Vibrio vulnificus compared with those caused by aeromonas species
Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery American Volume, 2007Co-Authors: Yao Hung Tsai, Kuo-chin Huang, Tsung Jen Huang, Yen Yao Li, Kuo Ti PengAbstract:Background: Vibrio and Aeromonas species, which can cause necrotizing fasciitis and primary septicemia, are members of the Vibrionaceae family and thrive in aquatic environments. Because the clinical symptoms and signs of necrotizing fasciitis and sepsis caused by these two bacteria are similar, the purposes of this study were to describe the clinical characteristics of Vibrio vulnificus and Aeromonas infections, to analyze the risk factors for death, and to compare the effects of surgical treatment on the outcome. Methods: The cases of thirty-two patients with necrotizing soft-tissue infections and sepsis caused by Vibrio vulnificus (seventeen patients) and Aeromonas species (fifteen patients) were retrospectively reviewed over a four-year period. Surgical debridement or immediate limb amputation was initially performed in all patients. Demographic data, underlying diseases, laboratory results, and clinical outcome were analyzed for each patient in both groups. Results: Six patients in the Vibrio vulnificus group and four patients in the Aeromonas group died. The patients who died had significantly lower serum albumin levels than did the patients who survived (p < 0.05). The patients with a combination of hepatic dysfunction and diabetes mellitus had a higher mortality rate than those with either hepatic disease or diabetes mellitus alone (p < 0.05). The patients with Vibrio vulnificus infections had a significantly lower systolic blood pressure at presentation (p = 0.006). The patients with Aeromonas infections who died had significantly lower white blood-cell counts (p = 0.03) with significantly fewer numbers of segmented white blood cells than those who died in the Vibrio vulnificus group (p = 0.01). Conclusions: The contact history of patients with a rapid onset of cellulitis can alert clinicians to a differential diagnosis of soft-tissue infection with Vibrio vulnificus (contact with seawater or raw seafood) or Aeromonas species (contact with fresh or brackish water, soil, or wood). Early fasciotomy and culture-directed antimicrobial therapy should be aggressively performed in those patients with hypotensive shock, leukopenia, severe hypoalbuminemia, and underlying chronic illness, especially a combination of hepatic dysfunction and diabetes mellitus. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Kuo Ti Peng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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necrotizing soft tissue infections and sepsis caused by Vibrio vulnificus compared with those caused by aeromonas species
Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery American Volume, 2007Co-Authors: Yao Hung Tsai, Kuo-chin Huang, Tsung Jen Huang, Yen Yao Li, Kuo Ti PengAbstract:Background: Vibrio and Aeromonas species, which can cause necrotizing fasciitis and primary septicemia, are members of the Vibrionaceae family and thrive in aquatic environments. Because the clinical symptoms and signs of necrotizing fasciitis and sepsis caused by these two bacteria are similar, the purposes of this study were to describe the clinical characteristics of Vibrio vulnificus and Aeromonas infections, to analyze the risk factors for death, and to compare the effects of surgical treatment on the outcome. Methods: The cases of thirty-two patients with necrotizing soft-tissue infections and sepsis caused by Vibrio vulnificus (seventeen patients) and Aeromonas species (fifteen patients) were retrospectively reviewed over a four-year period. Surgical debridement or immediate limb amputation was initially performed in all patients. Demographic data, underlying diseases, laboratory results, and clinical outcome were analyzed for each patient in both groups. Results: Six patients in the Vibrio vulnificus group and four patients in the Aeromonas group died. The patients who died had significantly lower serum albumin levels than did the patients who survived (p < 0.05). The patients with a combination of hepatic dysfunction and diabetes mellitus had a higher mortality rate than those with either hepatic disease or diabetes mellitus alone (p < 0.05). The patients with Vibrio vulnificus infections had a significantly lower systolic blood pressure at presentation (p = 0.006). The patients with Aeromonas infections who died had significantly lower white blood-cell counts (p = 0.03) with significantly fewer numbers of segmented white blood cells than those who died in the Vibrio vulnificus group (p = 0.01). Conclusions: The contact history of patients with a rapid onset of cellulitis can alert clinicians to a differential diagnosis of soft-tissue infection with Vibrio vulnificus (contact with seawater or raw seafood) or Aeromonas species (contact with fresh or brackish water, soil, or wood). Early fasciotomy and culture-directed antimicrobial therapy should be aggressively performed in those patients with hypotensive shock, leukopenia, severe hypoalbuminemia, and underlying chronic illness, especially a combination of hepatic dysfunction and diabetes mellitus. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Nicholas A Daniels - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Vibrio vulnificus oysters pearls and perils
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2011Co-Authors: Nicholas A DanielsAbstract:: Vibrio vulnificus is a naturally occurring bacterium found ubiquitously in coastal waters. Infection with this organism, which is often associated with eating raw oysters, is the leading cause of seafood-related deaths in the United States. This article reviews the current scientific literature on this potentially lethal pathogen and discusses the prognosis, treatment, and prevention of V. vulnificus infections.
