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Festo Massawe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Bambara Groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L) Verdc)—A Climate Smart Crop for Food and Nutrition Security
Genomic Designing of Climate-Smart Pulse Crops, 2019Co-Authors: Sean Mayes, Hui Hui Chai, Bo Song, Yue Chang, Festo MassaweAbstract:Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L) Verdc.) is an underutilized legume native to sub-Saharan Africa, where it is grown at low levels by many farmers as a component of household food and nutritional security. It is generally regarded as drought tolerant and fills the same agroecological niche as peanut (Arachis hypogaea L). Molecular research in this crop really began only in the early 2000s but has gathered pace and the recent publication of the first genome draft as part of the AOCC drive to sequence 101 African crop species marks an important milestone towards the application of genome-enabled breeding. This crop has potential to contribute to the climate-smart agriculture of the future. The current article traces the progress made in recent years and highlights the challenges that still remain.
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effects of short term water deficit stress on physiological characteristics of bambara groundnut Vigna subterranea l verdc
The South African Journal of Plant and Soil, 2016Co-Authors: Yusuf Y Muhammad, Sean Mayes, Festo MassaweAbstract:Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.) is an annual leguminous food crop native to Africa. The crop is grown in marginal soils and it is considered to be a drought-resistant species. However, there is limited information on the ways Bambara groundnut landraces respond and adapt to drought. The study was conducted to evaluate the response of Bambara groundnut landraces sourced from contrasting environments to periods of water deficit initiated at vegetative stage. Three landraces, namely Botswana-1, Getso and Gresik from Botswana, Nigeria and Indonesia, respectively, were grown in pots and irrigation was withheld 30 d after sowing in the stressed group compared with fully watered controls. The responses were studied by considering dry mass and measurements of gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence and biochemical parameters. Root dry mass was significantly higher (P<0.001), whereas leaf dry mass was lower in stressed compared with control plants. Relative water content and gas exchange parameter...
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Photosynthetic gas exchange and chlorophyll in Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea l. Verdc.) subjected to water deficit
Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 2015Co-Authors: Y.y. Muhammad, Festo MassaweAbstract:The study evaluated the response of two Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea L. Verdc.) landraces sourced from contrasting environments to periods of water deficit initiated at vegetative stage. The two landraces AHM-753 and Bogor, from Namibia and Indonesia, respectively, were grown in pots and irrigation was withheld 30 days after sowing in stressed group while the control plants were fully watered. The responses were studied by measurements of relative water content (RWC), photosynthetic gas exchange, and SPAD chlorophyll. RWCand gas exchange parameters were found to decrease in stressed plants. Significant (P
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Effects of short-term water deficit stress on physiological characteristics of Bambara groundnut ( Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.)
South African Journal of Plant and Soil, 2015Co-Authors: Yusuf Y Muhammad, Sean Mayes, Festo MassaweAbstract:Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.) is an annual leguminous food crop native to Africa. The crop is grown in marginal soils and it is considered to be a drought-resistant species. However, there is limited information on the ways Bambara groundnut landraces respond and adapt to drought. The study was conducted to evaluate the response of Bambara groundnut landraces sourced from contrasting environments to periods of water deficit initiated at vegetative stage. Three landraces, namely Botswana-1, Getso and Gresik from Botswana, Nigeria and Indonesia, respectively, were grown in pots and irrigation was withheld 30 d after sowing in the stressed group compared with fully watered controls. The responses were studied by considering dry mass and measurements of gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence and biochemical parameters. Root dry mass was significantly higher (P
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growth and development of bambara groundnut Vigna subterranea in response to soil moisture 2 resource capture and conversion
European Journal of Agronomy, 2007Co-Authors: S.s. Mwale, S N Azamali, Festo MassaweAbstract:Abstract A study was conducted in controlled environment glasshouses to investigate the effects of soil moisture on resource capture and conversion of three landraces (DipC, S19-3 and UN from Botswana, Namibia and Swaziland, respectively) of bambara groundnut ( Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.). The study was conducted under two soil moisture treatments: an irrigated control and a drought treatment where irrigation was withheld from approximately flowering to final harvest. Drought reduced the mean fractional intercepted radiation ( f ) from 0.8 to less than 0.7 across landraces. The mean light extinction coefficient (=0.46) was not affected either by landrace or watering regime, while cumulative intercepted radiation ( S ci ) reduced under drought because of the reduction in f . Drought reduced total transpiration ( E c ) only in DipC while it had no effect on the other two landraces. Crops under irrigation extracted most of the water from the top 50 cm of the profile while those under drought extracted water down to 90 cm. The conversion coefficient for intercepted radiation ( ɛ s ; g MJ −1 ) was reduced by 32%, from 1.51 to 1.02 g MJ −1 . Similarly, drought reduced the dry matter/transpired water ratio ( e w ; g kg −1 ) by 20% from 2.05 to 1.65 g kg −1 .
Mongomaké Kone - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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In vitro shoot tip multiplication of bambara groundnut [ Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.]
Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC), 2016Co-Authors: Nakpalo Silué, Tchoa Kone, André Brahima Soumahoro, Mongomaké KoneAbstract:A rapid, simple and efficient protocol for direct in vitro multiple shoot induction and plantlet recovery was achieved from shoot tip explants of Bambara groundnut [Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.]. Shoot tips, were isolated from in vitro-grown seedlings and cultured on Murashige and Skoog basal medium (MS) containing Gamborg’ vitamins (B5) and supplemented with different concentrations of the plant growth regulators Thidiazuron (TDZ), N6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), Kinetin (KIN) and Adenine sulfate (ADS). TDZ 0.45 μM was found to be best for shoot multiplication with a mean of 11shoots per explant. Among the carbon sources tested, the best response in terms of mean number of shoots per explant was obtained with sucrose (11). The mean number of shoots per explant induced among the studied landraces of Bambara groundnut varied from 9 to 13. Individual shoots, aseptically excised, produced normal roots within 2 weeks on the basal MS medium supplemented with Indole Butyric Acid (IBA) or Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). The highest number of roots per shoot and the longest roots were obtained on MS medium with 2 mg/L IBA. Rooted plantlets were successfully hardened under greenhouse conditions and subsequently established in the field conditions, with a recorded survival rate of 70 and 80 %, respectively. The transferred plants in the field were morphologically normal and fertile. This protocol can be efficiently used for mass propagation, germplasm preservation and probably also for gene transfer of Vigna subterranea (L.).
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In Vitro Seeds Germination and Seedling Growth of Bambara Groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc. (Fabaceae)).
TheScientificWorldJournal, 2015Co-Authors: Mongomaké Kone, Nakpalo Silué, Tchoa Kone, André Brahima Soumahoro, Tanoh Hilaire KouakouAbstract:Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.) is an indigenous grain legume. It occupies a prominent place in the strategies to ensure food security in sub-Saharan Africa. Development of an efficient in vitro regeneration system, a prerequisite for genetic transformation application, requires the establishment of optimal conditions for seeds germination and plantlets development. Three types of seeds were inoculated on different basal media devoid of growth regulators. Various strengths of the medium of choice and the type and concentration of carbon source were also investigated. Responses to germination varied with the type of seed. Embryonic axis (EA) followed by seeds without coat (SWtC) germinated rapidly and expressed a high rate of germination. The growth performances of plantlets varied with the basal medium composition and the seeds type. The optimal growth performances of plants were displayed on half strength MS basal medium with SWtC and EA as source of seeds. Addition of 3% sucrose in the culture medium was more suitable for a maximum growth of plantlets derived from EA.
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Plant regeneration via direct shoot organogenesis from cotyledon explants of Bambara groundnut, Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.
Biotechnologie Agronomie Société et Environnement, 2013Co-Authors: Mongomaké Kone, T. Koné, Ht Kouakou, S Konate, J.s. OchattAbstract:Regeneration de plantes par organogenese directe a partir des explants cotyledonaires de Voandzou, Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc. Le voandzou (Vigna subterranea [L.] Verdc.) est principalement cultive pour la consommation humaine. La presence de facteurs antinutritionnels qui reduisent la qualite des graines et la disponibilite des proteines, mais aussi la sensibilite de la plante aux maladies, necessitent la mise en place de programmes d’amelioration varietale. Les techniques de culture de tissus sont pratiquement inexistantes chez le voandzou et leur adoption est indispensable pour l’application des methodes de transformation genetique. Aussi, la presente etude vise a etablir un protocole d’induction de bourgeons a partir d’explants cotyledonaires issus de graines matures de voandzou. Differents types et concentrations de phytohormones ont ete utilises pour induire des bourgeons a partir des fragments proximaux, medians et distaux de cotyledons. La benzylaminopurine (3 mg·l-1) seule ou associee a l’acide α-naphtalene acetique (0,05 mg·l-1) a induit la formation de multiples bourgeons. Le potentiel organogene est restreint a la partie proximale du cotyledon. La frequence d’induction de bourgeons (30 %) et le nombre moyen de bourgeons par explant (12) les plus eleves ont ete obtenus avec la face adaxiale du segment proximal en contact avec le milieu de culture. L’efficacite du protocole de regeneration etabli varie selon le genotype et les ecotypes Ci6, Ci2, Ci4 et Ci15 ont exprime 20 a 30 % de taux d’induction de bourgeons avec en moyenne six a dix bourgeons par explant. L’elongation et l’enracinement des pousses feuillees sont intervenus sur le milieu de base de Murashige et Skoog depourvu de regulateurs de croissance. Toutes les plantes enracinees ont survecu au transfert en pots puis en serre ou la croissance a abouti a la production de graines.
Tafadzwanashe Mabhaudhi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea) seed quality in response to water stress on maternal plants
Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B — Soil & Plant Science, 2015Co-Authors: Tendai Polite Chibarabada, Albert T. Modi, Tafadzwanashe MabhaudhiAbstract:Farmers who still cultivate bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea) rely on landraces and seed retained from previous harvests. Given that the crop is typically cultivated in semi-arid regions, seed quality of farmers' retained seed might be compromised due to water stress experienced by maternal plants during production. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of water stress on maternal plants on subsequent seed quality of bambara groundnut. A single bambara groundnut landrace was characterised into four distinct selections based on seed coat and speckling colour. Initial seed quality (viability and vigour) was evaluated prior to planting seed in a field trial under irrigated and rainfed conditions. Final yield and yield components were determined at harvest. Thereafter, seed quality (viability and vigour) of progeny of different landrace selections was evaluated. Yield was lower under rainfed than irrigated conditions. Overall, subsequent seed quality showed improvement from initial seed qualit...
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Seed quality characteristics of a bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea L.) landrace differing in seed coat colour
South African Journal of Plant and Soil, 2014Co-Authors: Tendai Polite Chibarabada, Albert T. Modi, Tafadzwanashe MabhaudhiAbstract:Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea L.) is an underutilised African legume that fits the same ecological niche as Arachis hypogea. It is still cultivated using landraces and little is known about their seed quality. The current study evaluated seed quality characteristics (viability and vigour) of a local landrace on the basis of seed coat and speckling colour (plain red, plain cream, black speckles and brown speckles). Standard germination and electrolyte conductivity (EC) tests were used to evaluate viability and vigour. Seed imbibition rate was evaluated using two imbibition methods (seed-testing water bath and seed soaking). For each method, seeds were weighed at intervals and their water activity determined. Electron microscopy was used to determine seed coat thickness. There were highly significant differences (P < 0.001) among landrace selections with respect to germination, EC as well as imbibition and water activity. Black-speckled landraces had the highest germination (87%) and the plain cream ...
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growth phenological and yield responses of a bambara groundnut Vigna subterranea l verdc landrace to imposed water stress under field conditions
The South African Journal of Plant and Soil, 2013Co-Authors: Tafadzwanashe Mabhaudhi, Albert T. ModiAbstract:Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.) is an underutilised species with potential to contribute nutritional and food security in marginal areas. Growth, phenology and yield of a local bambara groundnut landrace from Jozini, KwaZulu-Natal, characterised into three selections according to seed coat colour, namely Brown, Red and Light Brown, were evaluated under irrigated and rain-fed field conditions at Roodeplaat, Pretoria, over two seasons (2010/11 and 2011/12). Trials with three replicates were planted under rain-fed and irrigated conditions with seed colour as a subfactor. Emergence (up to 35 d after planting), plant height, leaf number, leaf area index, chlorophyll content index and stomatal conductance were measured in situ. Yield and components of yield were determined at harvest. The Red, Brown and Light Brown landrace selections emerged well (84%, 81% and 51%, respectively). Plant physiological and growth parameters of stomatal conductance, chlorophyll content index, plant height, leaf n...
Michael Pillay - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Morphological Variation in Selected Accessions of Bambara Groundnut (Vigna subterranea L. Verdc) in South Africa
Journal of Agricultural Science, 2016Co-Authors: Amara Evangeline Unigwe, Abe Shegro Gerrano, Patrick O. Adebola, Michael PillayAbstract:Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea L. Verdc) is an underutilized crop in the African continent. It is a drought tolerant crop and fixes atmospheric nitrogen. Bambara groundnut is primarily grown for the protein content of its seeds and is mainly produced by small scale farmers at subsistence level. The objective of the study was to assess the morphological variation of landraces of bambara groundnut in South Africa. Thirty accessions of bambara groundnut were evaluated for their variability in agronomic and morphological traits. The field experiment was conducted at ARC-VOPI in Roodeplaat research farm during the 2014/2015 summer cropping season. The field trial was arranged as a complete randomized block design with three replications. Eighteen quantitative traits were recorded to estimate the level of genetic variability among accessions. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the phenotypic traits evaluated. The UPGMA cluster analysis based on the quantitative traits produced four distinct groups of genotypes and a singleton. Genotypes SB11-1A, SB19-1A, SB12-3B and Bambara-12 were found to possess good vegetative characters and are recommended for use as suitable parents when breeding cultivars for fodder production. Desirable yield and yield-related traits were identified in B7-1, SB4-4C, SB19-1A, Bambara-12 and SB16-5A and are recommended as suitable parental lines for bambara groundnut grain production improvement. The phenotypic characters therefore provide a useful measure of genetic variability among bambara genotypes and will enable the identification of potential parental materials for future breeding programs in South Africa.
Nakpalo Silué - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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In vitro shoot tip multiplication of bambara groundnut [ Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.]
Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC), 2016Co-Authors: Nakpalo Silué, Tchoa Kone, André Brahima Soumahoro, Mongomaké KoneAbstract:A rapid, simple and efficient protocol for direct in vitro multiple shoot induction and plantlet recovery was achieved from shoot tip explants of Bambara groundnut [Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.]. Shoot tips, were isolated from in vitro-grown seedlings and cultured on Murashige and Skoog basal medium (MS) containing Gamborg’ vitamins (B5) and supplemented with different concentrations of the plant growth regulators Thidiazuron (TDZ), N6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), Kinetin (KIN) and Adenine sulfate (ADS). TDZ 0.45 μM was found to be best for shoot multiplication with a mean of 11shoots per explant. Among the carbon sources tested, the best response in terms of mean number of shoots per explant was obtained with sucrose (11). The mean number of shoots per explant induced among the studied landraces of Bambara groundnut varied from 9 to 13. Individual shoots, aseptically excised, produced normal roots within 2 weeks on the basal MS medium supplemented with Indole Butyric Acid (IBA) or Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). The highest number of roots per shoot and the longest roots were obtained on MS medium with 2 mg/L IBA. Rooted plantlets were successfully hardened under greenhouse conditions and subsequently established in the field conditions, with a recorded survival rate of 70 and 80 %, respectively. The transferred plants in the field were morphologically normal and fertile. This protocol can be efficiently used for mass propagation, germplasm preservation and probably also for gene transfer of Vigna subterranea (L.).
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In Vitro Seeds Germination and Seedling Growth of Bambara Groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc. (Fabaceae)).
TheScientificWorldJournal, 2015Co-Authors: Mongomaké Kone, Nakpalo Silué, Tchoa Kone, André Brahima Soumahoro, Tanoh Hilaire KouakouAbstract:Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.) is an indigenous grain legume. It occupies a prominent place in the strategies to ensure food security in sub-Saharan Africa. Development of an efficient in vitro regeneration system, a prerequisite for genetic transformation application, requires the establishment of optimal conditions for seeds germination and plantlets development. Three types of seeds were inoculated on different basal media devoid of growth regulators. Various strengths of the medium of choice and the type and concentration of carbon source were also investigated. Responses to germination varied with the type of seed. Embryonic axis (EA) followed by seeds without coat (SWtC) germinated rapidly and expressed a high rate of germination. The growth performances of plantlets varied with the basal medium composition and the seeds type. The optimal growth performances of plants were displayed on half strength MS basal medium with SWtC and EA as source of seeds. Addition of 3% sucrose in the culture medium was more suitable for a maximum growth of plantlets derived from EA.