Water Deficit

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Christopher L Schardl - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • tall fescue endophyte effects on tolerance to Water Deficit stress
    BMC Plant Biology, 2013
    Co-Authors: Padmaja Nagabhyru, Randy D Dinkins, Constance L Wood, Charles W Bacon, Christopher L Schardl
    Abstract:

    Background: The endophytic fungus, Neotyphodium coenophialum, can enhance drought tolerance of its host grass, tall fescue. To investigate endophyte effects on plant responses to acute Water Deficit stress, we did comprehensive profiling of plant metabolite levels in both shoot and root tissues of genetically identical clone pairs of tall fescue with endophyte (E+) and without endophyte (E-) in response to direct Water Deficit stress. The E- clones were generated by treating E+ plants with fungicide and selectively propagating single tillers. In time course studies on the E+ and E- clones, Water was withheld from 0 to 5 days, during which levels of free sugars, sugar alcohols, and amino acids were determined, as were levels of some major fungal metabolites. Results: After 2–3 days of withholding Water, survival and tillering of re-Watered plants was significantly greater for E+ than E- clones. Within two to three days of withholding Water, significant endophyte effects on metabolites manifested as higher levels of free glucose, fructose, trehalose, sugar alcohols, proline and glutamic acid in shoots and roots. The fungal metabolites, mannitol and loline alkaloids, also significantly increased with Water Deficit. Conclusions: Our results suggest that symbiotic N. coenophialum aids in survival and recovery of tall fescue plants from Water Deficit, and acts in part by inducing rapid accumulation of these compatible solutes soon after imposition of stress.

Elizabeth A. Bray - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • genes commonly regulated by Water Deficit stress in arabidopsis thaliana
    Journal of Experimental Botany, 2004
    Co-Authors: Elizabeth A. Bray
    Abstract:

    Cellular Water-Deficit stress triggers many changes in gene expression which can be used to define the response of a plant to an environmental condition. Microarray technology permits the study of expression patterns of thousands of genes simultaneously, permitting a comprehensive understanding of the types and quantities of RNAs that are present in a cell in response to Water-Deficit stress. The expression of specific genes was compared in three different experiments designed to understand changes in gene expression in response to Water-Deficit stress. Surprisingly, there was a relatively small set of genes that were commonly induced or repressed. There were 27 genes commonly induced and three commonly repressed; 1.4% and 0.2% of the genes analysed in common to all three experiments. The induced genes fell into six different functional categories: metabolism, transport, signalling, transcription, hydrophilic proteins, and unknown. The three commonly repressed genes indicated that repression of gene expression supported a frequently observed response to Water-Deficit stress, decreased growth. A more detailed analysis of genes involved in cell wall metabolism, indicated that there was a global decrease in expression of genes that promote cell expansion.

  • Water-Deficit-induced translational control in Nicotiana tabacum
    Plant Cell & Environment, 2003
    Co-Authors: Riki Kawaguchi, Elizabeth A. Bray, A. J. Williams, Julia Bailey-serres
    Abstract:

    The effect of prolonged Water Deficit on mRNA translation was quantitatively analysed in apical and basal leaves of whole tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants. The level of large polysomes (six or more ribosomes per mRNA) was significantly higher in apical than basal leaves under well-Watered conditions. In both young and old leaves, Water Deficit caused a progressive reduction in levels of polysomes with concomitant increases in 80S monosomes, indicative of reduced initiation of translation. Despite the global reduction in polysome formation over 144 h of Water Deficit, the Water-Deficit-induced putative lipid transfer protein (ltp) mRNA was associated with large polysomes and LTP content increased. Osmotin (osm) mRNA, another Water-Deficit-induced transcript, also remained associated with large polysomes during prolonged Water Deficit. In contrast, mRNAs encoding the non-stress proteins ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase small subunit (rbcS) and eukaryotic initiation factor 4A (eIF4A) decreased in abundance and shifted to small polysomes and non-polysomal complexes, indicating that initiation of translation of these mRNAs was impaired by Water Deficit. These results show that translational regulation is a component of the Water-Deficit response and the differential translation of individual mRNAs is distinct in leaves of different age.

  • Plant responses to Water Deficit
    Trends in Plant Science, 1997
    Co-Authors: Elizabeth A. Bray
    Abstract:

    Plant responses to Water Deficit are dependent on the amount of Water lost, the rate of loss and the duration of the stressed condition. The characterization of a large number of genes induced by stresses involving Water Deficit has significantly improved understanding of the response. There appear to be several pathways for gene induction involved, and these are being elucidated by the analysis of DNA elements, mutants and gene expression patterns. However, it has been difficult to resolve the functions of many drought-induced genes against the background of other stress-induced changes, and thus it is now important to integrate information about cellular and whole plant responses.

  • Molecular Responses to Water Deficit
    Plant physiology, 1993
    Co-Authors: Elizabeth A. Bray
    Abstract:

    Water Deficit elicits a complex of responses beginning with stress perception, which initiates a signal transduction pathway(s) and is manifested in changes at the cellular, physiological, and developmental levels. The set of responses observed depends upon severity and duration of the stress, plant genotype, developmental stage, and environmental factors providing the stress. Cellular Water Deficit may result from stresses such as drought, salt, and low temperature. This complexity makes it difficult to uncover the responses to Water Deficit that enhance stress tolerance. In recent years efforts have turned toward isolation of genes that are induced during Water Deficit in order to study the function of droughtinduced gene products and the pathways that lead to gene induction. Changes in gene expression are fundamental to the responses that occur during Water Deficit, and they control many of the shortand long-term responses. Studies on the molecular responses to Water Deficit have identified multiple changes in gene expression using twodimensional PAGE, and many genes that are Water-defictinduced have been isolated by differential screening of cDNA libraries. Functions for many of these gene products have been predicted from the deduced amino acid sequence of the genes. Genes expressed during stress are anticipated to promote cellular tolerance of dehydration through protective functions in the cytoplasm, alteration of cellular Water potential to promote Water uptake, control of ion accumulation, and further regulation of gene expression. Although these studies are promising, it continues to be difficult to ascertain the actual function of drought-induced gene products. Expression of a gene during stress does not guarantee that a gene product promotes the ability of the plant to survive stress. The expression of some genes may result from injury or damage that occurred during stress. Other genes may be induced, but their expression does not alter stress tolerance. Yet others are required for stress tolerance and the accumulation of these gene products is an adaptive response. Complex regulatory and signaling processes, most of which are not understood, control the expression of genes during Water Deficit. Multiple stresses may connect into the same or a similar transduction pathway, which is evidenced by the involvement of ABA in the induction of genes induced by a number of different stresses. In addition to induction by

  • Responses to Water Deficit
    1993
    Co-Authors: Elizabeth A. Bray
    Abstract:

    Water Deficit elicits a complex of responses beginning with stress perception, which initiates a signal transduction pathway(s) and is manifested in changes at the cellular, physiological, and developmental levels. The set of responses observed depends upon severity and duration of the stress, plant genotype, developmental stage, and environmental factors providing the stress. Cellular Water Deficit may result from stresses such as drought, salt, and low temperature. This complexity makes it difficult to uncover the responses to Water Deficit that enhance stress tolerance. In recent years efforts have tumed toward isolation of genes that are induced during Water Deficit in order to study the function of droughtinduced gene products and the pathways that lead to gene induction. Changes in gene expression are fundamental to the responses that occur during Water Deficit, and they control many of the short- and long-tem responses. Studies on the molecular responses to Water Deficit have identified multiple changes in gene expression using twodimensional PAGE, and many genes that are Water-Deficitinduced have been isolated by differential screening of cDNA libraries. Functions for many of these gene products have been predicted from the deduced amino acid sequence of the genes. Genes expressed during stress are anticipated to promote cellular tolerance of dehydration through protective functions in the cytoplasm, alteration of cellular Water potentia1 to promote Water uptake, control of ion accumulation, and further regulation of gene expression. Although these studies are promising, it continues to be difficult to ascertain the actual function of drought-induced gene products. Expression of a gene during stress does not guarantee that a gene product promotes the ability of the plant to survive stress. The expression of some genes may result from injury or damage that occurred during stress. Other genes may be induced, but their expression does not alter stress tolerance. Yet others are required for stress tolerance and the accumulation of these gene products is an adaptive response. Complex regulatory and signaling processes, most of which are not understood, control the expression of genes during Water Deficit. Multiple stresses may connect into the same or a similar transduction pathway, which is evidenced by the involvement of ABA in the induction of genes induced by a number of different stresses. In addition to induction by

Padmaja Nagabhyru - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • tall fescue endophyte effects on tolerance to Water Deficit stress
    BMC Plant Biology, 2013
    Co-Authors: Padmaja Nagabhyru, Randy D Dinkins, Constance L Wood, Charles W Bacon, Christopher L Schardl
    Abstract:

    Background: The endophytic fungus, Neotyphodium coenophialum, can enhance drought tolerance of its host grass, tall fescue. To investigate endophyte effects on plant responses to acute Water Deficit stress, we did comprehensive profiling of plant metabolite levels in both shoot and root tissues of genetically identical clone pairs of tall fescue with endophyte (E+) and without endophyte (E-) in response to direct Water Deficit stress. The E- clones were generated by treating E+ plants with fungicide and selectively propagating single tillers. In time course studies on the E+ and E- clones, Water was withheld from 0 to 5 days, during which levels of free sugars, sugar alcohols, and amino acids were determined, as were levels of some major fungal metabolites. Results: After 2–3 days of withholding Water, survival and tillering of re-Watered plants was significantly greater for E+ than E- clones. Within two to three days of withholding Water, significant endophyte effects on metabolites manifested as higher levels of free glucose, fructose, trehalose, sugar alcohols, proline and glutamic acid in shoots and roots. The fungal metabolites, mannitol and loline alkaloids, also significantly increased with Water Deficit. Conclusions: Our results suggest that symbiotic N. coenophialum aids in survival and recovery of tall fescue plants from Water Deficit, and acts in part by inducing rapid accumulation of these compatible solutes soon after imposition of stress.

Nelson Jm Saibo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Source-Sink Regulation in Crops under Water Deficit.
    Trends in Plant Science, 2019
    Co-Authors: Joana Rita António Rodrigues, Dirk Inzé, Hilde Nelissen, Nelson Jm Saibo
    Abstract:

    To meet the food demands of an increasing world population, it is necessary to improve crop production; a task that is made more challenging by the changing climate. Several recent reports show that increasing the capacity of plants to assimilate carbon (source strength), or to tap into the internal carbon reservoir (sink strength), has the potential to improve plant productivity in the field under Water-Deficit conditions. Here, we review the effects of Water Deficit on the source–sink communication, as well as the respective regulatory mechanisms underpinning plant productivity. We also highlight stress-tolerant traits that can contribute to harness source and sink strengths towards producing high-yielding and drought-tolerant crops, depending on the drought scenario.

Randy D Dinkins - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • tall fescue endophyte effects on tolerance to Water Deficit stress
    BMC Plant Biology, 2013
    Co-Authors: Padmaja Nagabhyru, Randy D Dinkins, Constance L Wood, Charles W Bacon, Christopher L Schardl
    Abstract:

    Background: The endophytic fungus, Neotyphodium coenophialum, can enhance drought tolerance of its host grass, tall fescue. To investigate endophyte effects on plant responses to acute Water Deficit stress, we did comprehensive profiling of plant metabolite levels in both shoot and root tissues of genetically identical clone pairs of tall fescue with endophyte (E+) and without endophyte (E-) in response to direct Water Deficit stress. The E- clones were generated by treating E+ plants with fungicide and selectively propagating single tillers. In time course studies on the E+ and E- clones, Water was withheld from 0 to 5 days, during which levels of free sugars, sugar alcohols, and amino acids were determined, as were levels of some major fungal metabolites. Results: After 2–3 days of withholding Water, survival and tillering of re-Watered plants was significantly greater for E+ than E- clones. Within two to three days of withholding Water, significant endophyte effects on metabolites manifested as higher levels of free glucose, fructose, trehalose, sugar alcohols, proline and glutamic acid in shoots and roots. The fungal metabolites, mannitol and loline alkaloids, also significantly increased with Water Deficit. Conclusions: Our results suggest that symbiotic N. coenophialum aids in survival and recovery of tall fescue plants from Water Deficit, and acts in part by inducing rapid accumulation of these compatible solutes soon after imposition of stress.