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Arcady R Mushegian - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Changes to Virus taxonomy and the Statutes ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2020)
Archives of Virology, 2020Co-Authors: Peter J. Walker, Evelien M. Adriaenssens, Elliot J. Lefkowitz, Arcady R Mushegian, Robert L. Harrison, Bas E. Dutilh, Balázs Harrach, Stuart G. Siddell, Donald M. Dempsey, R. Curtis HendricksonAbstract:This article reports the changes to Virus Classification and taxonomy approved and ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) in March 2020. The entire ICTV was invited to vote on 206 taxonomic proposals approved by the ICTV Executive Committee at its meeting in July 2019, as well as on the proposed revision of the ICTV Statutes. All proposals and the revision of the Statutes were approved by an absolute majority of the ICTV voting membership. Of note, ICTV has approved a proposal that extends the previously established realm Riboviria to encompass nearly all RNA Viruses and reverse-transcribing Viruses, and approved three separate proposals to establish three realms for Viruses with DNA genomes.
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Changes to Virus taxonomy and the International Code of Virus Classification and Nomenclature ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2019)
Archives of Virology, 2019Co-Authors: Peter J. Walker, Elliot J. Lefkowitz, Arcady R Mushegian, Robert L. Harrison, Bas E. Dutilh, Balázs Harrach, Stuart G. Siddell, Donald M. Dempsey, R. Curtis Hendrickson, Sandra JunglenAbstract:This article reports the changes to Virus taxonomy approved and ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) in February 2019. Of note, in addition to seven new Virus families, the ICTV has approved, by an absolute majority, the creation of the realm Riboviria , a likely monophyletic group encompassing all Viruses with positive-strand, negative-strand and double-strand genomic RNA that use cognate RNA-directed RNA polymerases for replication.
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Changes to taxonomy and the International Code of Virus Classification and Nomenclature ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2018)
Archives of Virology, 2018Co-Authors: Andrew M Q King, Elliot J. Lefkowitz, Arcady R Mushegian, Robert L. Harrison, Michael J. Adams, Bas E. Dutilh, Alexander E. Gorbalenya, Balázs Harrach, Sandra Junglen, Nick J KnowlesAbstract:This article lists the changes to Virus taxonomy approved and ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses in February 2018. A total of 451 species, 69 genera, 11 subfamilies, 9 families and one new order were added to the taxonomy. The current totals at each taxonomic level now stand at 9 orders, 131 families, 46 subfamilies, 803 genera and 4853 species. A change was made to the International Code of Virus Classification and Nomenclature to allow the use of the names of people in taxon names under appropriate circumstances. An updated Master Species List incorporating the approved changes was released in March 2018 ( https://talk.ictvonline.org/taxonomy/ ).
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changes to taxonomy and the international code of Virus Classification and nomenclature ratified by the international committee on taxonomy of Viruses 2018
Archives of Virology, 2017Co-Authors: Andrew M Q King, Elliot J. Lefkowitz, Arcady R Mushegian, Michael J. Adams, Bas E. Dutilh, Alexander E. Gorbalenya, Balázs Harrach, Robert L. HarrisonAbstract:This article lists the changes to Virus taxonomy approved and ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) in March 2017.
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Ratification vote on taxonomic proposals to the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2016)
Archives of Virology, 2016Co-Authors: Michael J. Adams, Andrew M Q King, Elliot J. Lefkowitz, Nick J Knowles, Robert L. Harrison, Mart Krupovic, Andrew M Kropinski, Jens H Kuhn, Arcady R MushegianAbstract:This article lists the changes to Virus taxonomy approved and ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) in April 2016. Changes to Virus taxonomy (the Universal Scheme of Virus Classification of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses [ICTV]) now take place annually and are the result of a multi-stage process. In accordance with the ICTV Statutes ( http://www.ictvonline.org/statutes.asp ), proposals submitted to the ICTV Executive Committee (EC) undergo a review process that involves input from the ICTV Study Groups (SGs) and Subcommittees (SCs), other interested virologists, and the EC. After final approval by the EC, proposals are then presented for ratification to the full ICTV membership by publication on an ICTV web site ( http://www.ictvonline.org/ ) followed by an electronic vote. The latest set of proposals approved by the EC was made available on the ICTV website by January 2016 ( https://talk.ictvonline.org/files/proposals/ ). A list of these proposals was then emailed on 28 March 2016 to the 148 members of ICTV, namely the EC Members, Life Members, ICTV Subcommittee Members (including the SG chairs) and ICTV National Representatives. Members were then requested to vote on whether to ratify the taxonomic proposals (voting closed on 29 April 2016).
Peter Simmonds - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Virus Classification – where do you draw the line?
Archives of Virology, 2018Co-Authors: Peter Simmonds, Pakorn AiewsakunAbstract:High-throughput sequencing (HTS) and its use in recovering and assembling novel Virus sequences from environmental, human clinical, veterinary and plant samples has unearthed a vast new catalogue of Viruses. Their Classification, known by their sequences alone, sets a major challenge to traditional Virus taxonomy, especially at the family and species levels, which have been historically based largely on descriptive taxon definitions. These typically entail some knowledge of their phenotypic properties, including replication strategies, virion structure and clinical and epidemiological features, such as host range, geographical distribution and disease outcomes. Little to no information on these attributes is available, however, for Viruses identified in metagenomic datasets. If such Viruses are to be included in Virus taxonomy, their assignments will have to be guided largely or entirely by metrics of genetic relatedness. The immediate problem here is that the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), an organisation that authorises the taxonomic Classification of Viruses, provides little or no guidance on how similar or how divergent Viruses must be in order to be considered members of new species or new families. We have recently developed a method for scoring genomic (dis)similarity between Viruses (Genome Relationships Applied to Virus Taxonomy – GRAViTy) among the eukaryotic and prokaryotic Viruses currently classified by the ICTV. At the family and genus levels, we found large-scale consistency between genetic relationships and their taxonomic assignments for eukaryotic Viruses of all genome configurations and genome sizes. Family assignments of prokaryotic Viruses have, however, been made at a quite different genetic level, and groupings currently classified as sub-families are a much better match to the eukaryotic Virus family level. These findings support the ongoing reorganisation of bacteriophage taxonomy by the ICTV Phage Study Group. A rapid and objective means to explore metagenomic viral diversity and make evidence-based assignments for such Viruses at each taxonomic layer is essential. Analysis of sequences by GRAViTy provides evidence that family (and genus) assignments of currently classified Viruses are largely underpinned by genomic relatedness, and these features could serve as a guide towards an evidence-based Classification of metagenomic Viruses in the future.
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Virus Classification where do you draw the line
Archives of Virology, 2018Co-Authors: Peter Simmonds, Pakorn AiewsakunAbstract:High-throughput sequencing (HTS) and its use in recovering and assembling novel Virus sequences from environmental, human clinical, veterinary and plant samples has unearthed a vast new catalogue of Viruses. Their Classification, known by their sequences alone, sets a major challenge to traditional Virus taxonomy, especially at the family and species levels, which have been historically based largely on descriptive taxon definitions. These typically entail some knowledge of their phenotypic properties, including replication strategies, virion structure and clinical and epidemiological features, such as host range, geographical distribution and disease outcomes. Little to no information on these attributes is available, however, for Viruses identified in metagenomic datasets. If such Viruses are to be included in Virus taxonomy, their assignments will have to be guided largely or entirely by metrics of genetic relatedness. The immediate problem here is that the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), an organisation that authorises the taxonomic Classification of Viruses, provides little or no guidance on how similar or how divergent Viruses must be in order to be considered members of new species or new families. We have recently developed a method for scoring genomic (dis)similarity between Viruses (Genome Relationships Applied to Virus Taxonomy - GRAViTy) among the eukaryotic and prokaryotic Viruses currently classified by the ICTV. At the family and genus levels, we found large-scale consistency between genetic relationships and their taxonomic assignments for eukaryotic Viruses of all genome configurations and genome sizes. Family assignments of prokaryotic Viruses have, however, been made at a quite different genetic level, and groupings currently classified as sub-families are a much better match to the eukaryotic Virus family level. These findings support the ongoing reorganisation of bacteriophage taxonomy by the ICTV Phage Study Group. A rapid and objective means to explore metagenomic viral diversity and make evidence-based assignments for such Viruses at each taxonomic layer is essential. Analysis of sequences by GRAViTy provides evidence that family (and genus) assignments of currently classified Viruses are largely underpinned by genomic relatedness, and these features could serve as a guide towards an evidence-based Classification of metagenomic Viruses in the future.
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The genomic underpinnings of eukaryotic Virus taxonomy: creating a sequence-based framework for family-level Virus Classification
Microbiome, 2018Co-Authors: Pakorn Aiewsakun, Peter SimmondsAbstract:Background The International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) classifies Viruses into families, genera and species and provides a regulated system for their nomenclature that is universally used in Virus descriptions. Virus taxonomic assignments have traditionally been based upon Virus phenotypic properties such as host range, virion morphology and replication mechanisms, particularly at family level. However, gene sequence comparisons provide a clearer guide to their evolutionary relationships and provide the only information that may guide the incorporation of Viruses detected in environmental (metagenomic) studies that lack any phenotypic data. Results The current study sought to determine whether the existing Virus taxonomy could be reproduced by examination of genetic relationships through the extraction of protein-coding gene signatures and genome organisational features. We found large-scale consistency between genetic relationships and taxonomic assignments for Viruses of all genome configurations and genome sizes. The analysis pipeline that we have called ‘Genome Relationships Applied to Virus Taxonom y ’ (GRAViTy) was highly effective at reproducing the current assignments of Viruses at family level as well as inter-family groupings into orders. Its ability to correctly differentiate assigned Viruses from unassigned Viruses, and classify them into the correct taxonomic group, was evaluated by threefold cross-validation technique. This predicted family membership of eukaryotic Viruses with close to 100% accuracy and specificity potentially enabling the algorithm to predict assignments for the vast corpus of metagenomic sequences consistently with ICTV taxonomy rules. In an evaluation run of GRAViTy, over one half (460/921) of (near)-complete genome sequences from several large published metagenomic eukaryotic Virus datasets were assigned to 127 novel family-level groupings. If corroborated by other analysis methods, these would potentially more than double the number of eukaryotic Virus families in the ICTV taxonomy. Conclusions A rapid and objective means to explore metagenomic viral diversity and make informed recommendations for their assignments at each taxonomic layer is essential. GRAViTy provides one means to make rule-based assignments at family and order levels in a manner that preserves the integrity and underlying organisational principles of the current ICTV taxonomy framework. Such methods are increasingly required as the vast virosphere is explored.
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the genomic underpinnings of eukaryotic Virus taxonomy creating a sequence based framework for family level Virus Classification
Microbiome, 2018Co-Authors: Pakorn Aiewsakun, Peter SimmondsAbstract:The International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) classifies Viruses into families, genera and species and provides a regulated system for their nomenclature that is universally used in Virus descriptions. Virus taxonomic assignments have traditionally been based upon Virus phenotypic properties such as host range, virion morphology and replication mechanisms, particularly at family level. However, gene sequence comparisons provide a clearer guide to their evolutionary relationships and provide the only information that may guide the incorporation of Viruses detected in environmental (metagenomic) studies that lack any phenotypic data. The current study sought to determine whether the existing Virus taxonomy could be reproduced by examination of genetic relationships through the extraction of protein-coding gene signatures and genome organisational features. We found large-scale consistency between genetic relationships and taxonomic assignments for Viruses of all genome configurations and genome sizes. The analysis pipeline that we have called ‘Genome Relationships Applied to Virus Taxonomy’ (GRAViTy) was highly effective at reproducing the current assignments of Viruses at family level as well as inter-family groupings into orders. Its ability to correctly differentiate assigned Viruses from unassigned Viruses, and classify them into the correct taxonomic group, was evaluated by threefold cross-validation technique. This predicted family membership of eukaryotic Viruses with close to 100% accuracy and specificity potentially enabling the algorithm to predict assignments for the vast corpus of metagenomic sequences consistently with ICTV taxonomy rules. In an evaluation run of GRAViTy, over one half (460/921) of (near)-complete genome sequences from several large published metagenomic eukaryotic Virus datasets were assigned to 127 novel family-level groupings. If corroborated by other analysis methods, these would potentially more than double the number of eukaryotic Virus families in the ICTV taxonomy. A rapid and objective means to explore metagenomic viral diversity and make informed recommendations for their assignments at each taxonomic layer is essential. GRAViTy provides one means to make rule-based assignments at family and order levels in a manner that preserves the integrity and underlying organisational principles of the current ICTV taxonomy framework. Such methods are increasingly required as the vast virosphere is explored.
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methods for Virus Classification and the challenge of incorporating metagenomic sequence data
Journal of General Virology, 2015Co-Authors: Peter SimmondsAbstract:The division of Viruses into orders, families, genera and species provides a Classification framework that seeks to organize and make sense of the diversity of Viruses infecting animals, plants and bacteria. Classifications are based on similarities in genome structure and organization, the presence of homologous genes and sequence motifs and at lower levels such as species, host range, nucleotide and antigenic relatedness and epidemiology. Classification below the level of family must also be consistent with phylogeny and Virus evolutionary histories. Recently developed methods such as PASC, DEMaRC and NVR offer alternative strategies for genus and species assignments that are based purely on degrees of divergence between genome sequences. They offer the possibility of automating Classification of the vast number of novel Virus sequences being generated by next-generation metagenomic sequencing. However, distance-based methods struggle to deal with the complex evolutionary history of Virus genomes that are shuffled by recombination and reassortment, and where taxonomic lineages evolve at different rates. In biological terms, Classifications based on sequence distances alone are also arbitrary whereas the current system of Virus taxonomy is of utility precisely because it is primarily based upon phenotypic characteristics. However, a separate system is clearly needed by which Virus variants that lack biological information might be incorporated into the ICTV Classification even if based solely on sequence relationships to existing taxa. For these, simplified taxonomic proposals and naming conventions represent a practical way to expand the existing Virus Classification and catalogue our rapidly increasing knowledge of Virus diversity.
Jens H Kuhn - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Taxonomic assignment of uncultivated prokaryotic Virus genomes is enabled by gene-sharing networks.
Nature Biotechnology, 2019Co-Authors: Ho Bin Jang, Benjamin Bolduc, J. Rodney Brister, Olivier Zablocki, Evelien M. Adriaenssens, Simon Roux, Mart Krupovic, Andrew M Kropinski, Jens H Kuhn, Rob LavigneAbstract:Microbiomes from every environment contain a myriad of uncultivated archaeal and bacterial Viruses, but studying these Viruses is hampered by the lack of a universal, scalable taxonomic framework. We present vConTACT v.2.0, a network-based application utilizing whole genome gene-sharing profiles for Virus taxonomy that integrates distance-based hierarchical clustering and confidence scores for all taxonomic predictions. We report near-identical (96%) replication of existing genus-level viral taxonomy assignments from the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses for National Center for Biotechnology Information Virus RefSeq. Application of vConTACT v.2.0 to 1,364 previously unclassified Viruses deposited in Virus RefSeq as reference genomes produced automatic, high-confidence genus assignments for 820 of the 1,364. We applied vConTACT v.2.0 to analyze 15,280 Global Ocean Virome genome fragments and were able to provide taxonomic assignments for 31% of these data, which shows that our algorithm is scalable to very large metagenomic datasets. Our taxonomy tool can be automated and applied to metagenomes from any environment for Virus Classification.
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Ratification vote on taxonomic proposals to the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2016)
Archives of Virology, 2016Co-Authors: Michael J. Adams, Andrew M Q King, Elliot J. Lefkowitz, Nick J Knowles, Robert L. Harrison, Mart Krupovic, Andrew M Kropinski, Jens H Kuhn, Arcady R MushegianAbstract:This article lists the changes to Virus taxonomy approved and ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) in April 2016. Changes to Virus taxonomy (the Universal Scheme of Virus Classification of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses [ICTV]) now take place annually and are the result of a multi-stage process. In accordance with the ICTV Statutes ( http://www.ictvonline.org/statutes.asp ), proposals submitted to the ICTV Executive Committee (EC) undergo a review process that involves input from the ICTV Study Groups (SGs) and Subcommittees (SCs), other interested virologists, and the EC. After final approval by the EC, proposals are then presented for ratification to the full ICTV membership by publication on an ICTV web site ( http://www.ictvonline.org/ ) followed by an electronic vote. The latest set of proposals approved by the EC was made available on the ICTV website by January 2016 ( https://talk.ictvonline.org/files/proposals/ ). A list of these proposals was then emailed on 28 March 2016 to the 148 members of ICTV, namely the EC Members, Life Members, ICTV Subcommittee Members (including the SG chairs) and ICTV National Representatives. Members were then requested to vote on whether to ratify the taxonomic proposals (voting closed on 29 April 2016).
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Past, present, and future of arenaVirus taxonomy
Archives of Virology, 2015Co-Authors: Sheli R Radoshitzky, Yīmíng Bào, Michael J. Buchmeier, Rémi N. Charrel, Anna N. Clawson, Christopher S. Clegg, Joseph L. Derisi, Sébastien Emonet, Jean-paul Gonzalez, Jens H KuhnAbstract:Until recently, members of the monogeneric family Arenaviridae (arenaViruses) have been known to infect only muroid rodents and, in one case, possibly phyllostomid bats. The paradigm of arenaViruses exclusively infecting small mammals shifted dramatically when several groups independently published the detection and isolation of a divergent group of arenaViruses in captive alethinophidian snakes. Preliminary phylogenetic analyses suggest that these reptilian arenaViruses constitute a sister clade to mammalian arenaViruses. Here, the members of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Arenaviridae Study Group, together with other experts, outline the taxonomic reorganization of the family Arenaviridae to accommodate reptilian arenaViruses and other recently discovered mammalian arenaViruses and to improve compliance with the Rules of the International Code of Virus Classification and Nomenclature (ICVCN). PAirwise Sequence Comparison (PASC) of arenaVirus genomes and NP amino acid pairwise distances support the modification of the present Classification. As a result, the current genus ArenaVirus is replaced by two genera, MammarenaVirus and ReptarenaVirus , which are established to accommodate mammalian and reptilian arenaViruses, respectively, in the same family. The current species landscape among mammalian arenaViruses is upheld, with two new species added for Lunk and Merino Walk Viruses and minor corrections to the spelling of some names. The published snake arenaViruses are distributed among three new separate reptarenaVirus species. Finally, a non-Latinized binomial species name scheme is adopted for all arenaVirus species. In addition, the current Virus abbreviations have been evaluated, and some changes are introduced to unequivocally identify each Virus in electronic databases, manuscripts, and oral proceedings.
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The International Code of Virus Classification and Nomenclature (ICVCN): proposal for text changes for improved differentiation of viral taxa and Viruses
Archives of Virology, 2013Co-Authors: Jens H Kuhn, Sheli R Radoshitzky, Sina Bavari, Peter B JahrlingAbstract:The International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) is responsible for the Classification of Viruses into taxa. Importantly, the ICTV is currently not responsible for the nomenclature of Viruses or their subClassification into strains, lineages, or genotypes. ICTV rules for Classification of Viruses and nomenclature of taxa are laid out in a code, the International Code of Virus Classification and Nomenclature (ICVCN). The most recent version of the Code makes it difficult for the unfamiliar reader to distinguish between Viruses and taxa, thereby often giving the impression that certain Rules apply to Viruses. Here, Code text changes are proposed to address this problem.
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the international code of Virus Classification and nomenclature icvcn proposal to delete rule 3 41
Archives of Virology, 2013Co-Authors: Jens H Kuhn, Sheli R Radoshitzky, Sina Bavari, Peter B JahrlingAbstract:It is proposed to delete Rule 3.41 of the International Code of Virus Classification and Nomenclature, which requires the name of a Virus taxon to precede the term for the taxonomic unit.
Elliot J. Lefkowitz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Changes to Virus taxonomy and the Statutes ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2020)
Archives of Virology, 2020Co-Authors: Peter J. Walker, Evelien M. Adriaenssens, Elliot J. Lefkowitz, Arcady R Mushegian, Robert L. Harrison, Bas E. Dutilh, Balázs Harrach, Stuart G. Siddell, Donald M. Dempsey, R. Curtis HendricksonAbstract:This article reports the changes to Virus Classification and taxonomy approved and ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) in March 2020. The entire ICTV was invited to vote on 206 taxonomic proposals approved by the ICTV Executive Committee at its meeting in July 2019, as well as on the proposed revision of the ICTV Statutes. All proposals and the revision of the Statutes were approved by an absolute majority of the ICTV voting membership. Of note, ICTV has approved a proposal that extends the previously established realm Riboviria to encompass nearly all RNA Viruses and reverse-transcribing Viruses, and approved three separate proposals to establish three realms for Viruses with DNA genomes.
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Changes to Virus taxonomy and the International Code of Virus Classification and Nomenclature ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2019)
Archives of Virology, 2019Co-Authors: Peter J. Walker, Elliot J. Lefkowitz, Arcady R Mushegian, Robert L. Harrison, Bas E. Dutilh, Balázs Harrach, Stuart G. Siddell, Donald M. Dempsey, R. Curtis Hendrickson, Sandra JunglenAbstract:This article reports the changes to Virus taxonomy approved and ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) in February 2019. Of note, in addition to seven new Virus families, the ICTV has approved, by an absolute majority, the creation of the realm Riboviria , a likely monophyletic group encompassing all Viruses with positive-strand, negative-strand and double-strand genomic RNA that use cognate RNA-directed RNA polymerases for replication.
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Changes to taxonomy and the International Code of Virus Classification and Nomenclature ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2018)
Archives of Virology, 2018Co-Authors: Andrew M Q King, Elliot J. Lefkowitz, Arcady R Mushegian, Robert L. Harrison, Michael J. Adams, Bas E. Dutilh, Alexander E. Gorbalenya, Balázs Harrach, Sandra Junglen, Nick J KnowlesAbstract:This article lists the changes to Virus taxonomy approved and ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses in February 2018. A total of 451 species, 69 genera, 11 subfamilies, 9 families and one new order were added to the taxonomy. The current totals at each taxonomic level now stand at 9 orders, 131 families, 46 subfamilies, 803 genera and 4853 species. A change was made to the International Code of Virus Classification and Nomenclature to allow the use of the names of people in taxon names under appropriate circumstances. An updated Master Species List incorporating the approved changes was released in March 2018 ( https://talk.ictvonline.org/taxonomy/ ).
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changes to taxonomy and the international code of Virus Classification and nomenclature ratified by the international committee on taxonomy of Viruses 2018
Archives of Virology, 2017Co-Authors: Andrew M Q King, Elliot J. Lefkowitz, Arcady R Mushegian, Michael J. Adams, Bas E. Dutilh, Alexander E. Gorbalenya, Balázs Harrach, Robert L. HarrisonAbstract:This article lists the changes to Virus taxonomy approved and ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) in March 2017.
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Ratification vote on taxonomic proposals to the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2016)
Archives of Virology, 2016Co-Authors: Michael J. Adams, Andrew M Q King, Elliot J. Lefkowitz, Nick J Knowles, Robert L. Harrison, Mart Krupovic, Andrew M Kropinski, Jens H Kuhn, Arcady R MushegianAbstract:This article lists the changes to Virus taxonomy approved and ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) in April 2016. Changes to Virus taxonomy (the Universal Scheme of Virus Classification of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses [ICTV]) now take place annually and are the result of a multi-stage process. In accordance with the ICTV Statutes ( http://www.ictvonline.org/statutes.asp ), proposals submitted to the ICTV Executive Committee (EC) undergo a review process that involves input from the ICTV Study Groups (SGs) and Subcommittees (SCs), other interested virologists, and the EC. After final approval by the EC, proposals are then presented for ratification to the full ICTV membership by publication on an ICTV web site ( http://www.ictvonline.org/ ) followed by an electronic vote. The latest set of proposals approved by the EC was made available on the ICTV website by January 2016 ( https://talk.ictvonline.org/files/proposals/ ). A list of these proposals was then emailed on 28 March 2016 to the 148 members of ICTV, namely the EC Members, Life Members, ICTV Subcommittee Members (including the SG chairs) and ICTV National Representatives. Members were then requested to vote on whether to ratify the taxonomic proposals (voting closed on 29 April 2016).
Robert L. Harrison - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Changes to Virus taxonomy and the Statutes ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2020)
Archives of Virology, 2020Co-Authors: Peter J. Walker, Evelien M. Adriaenssens, Elliot J. Lefkowitz, Arcady R Mushegian, Robert L. Harrison, Bas E. Dutilh, Balázs Harrach, Stuart G. Siddell, Donald M. Dempsey, R. Curtis HendricksonAbstract:This article reports the changes to Virus Classification and taxonomy approved and ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) in March 2020. The entire ICTV was invited to vote on 206 taxonomic proposals approved by the ICTV Executive Committee at its meeting in July 2019, as well as on the proposed revision of the ICTV Statutes. All proposals and the revision of the Statutes were approved by an absolute majority of the ICTV voting membership. Of note, ICTV has approved a proposal that extends the previously established realm Riboviria to encompass nearly all RNA Viruses and reverse-transcribing Viruses, and approved three separate proposals to establish three realms for Viruses with DNA genomes.
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Changes to Virus taxonomy and the International Code of Virus Classification and Nomenclature ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2019)
Archives of Virology, 2019Co-Authors: Peter J. Walker, Elliot J. Lefkowitz, Arcady R Mushegian, Robert L. Harrison, Bas E. Dutilh, Balázs Harrach, Stuart G. Siddell, Donald M. Dempsey, R. Curtis Hendrickson, Sandra JunglenAbstract:This article reports the changes to Virus taxonomy approved and ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) in February 2019. Of note, in addition to seven new Virus families, the ICTV has approved, by an absolute majority, the creation of the realm Riboviria , a likely monophyletic group encompassing all Viruses with positive-strand, negative-strand and double-strand genomic RNA that use cognate RNA-directed RNA polymerases for replication.
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Changes to taxonomy and the International Code of Virus Classification and Nomenclature ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2018)
Archives of Virology, 2018Co-Authors: Andrew M Q King, Elliot J. Lefkowitz, Arcady R Mushegian, Robert L. Harrison, Michael J. Adams, Bas E. Dutilh, Alexander E. Gorbalenya, Balázs Harrach, Sandra Junglen, Nick J KnowlesAbstract:This article lists the changes to Virus taxonomy approved and ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses in February 2018. A total of 451 species, 69 genera, 11 subfamilies, 9 families and one new order were added to the taxonomy. The current totals at each taxonomic level now stand at 9 orders, 131 families, 46 subfamilies, 803 genera and 4853 species. A change was made to the International Code of Virus Classification and Nomenclature to allow the use of the names of people in taxon names under appropriate circumstances. An updated Master Species List incorporating the approved changes was released in March 2018 ( https://talk.ictvonline.org/taxonomy/ ).
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changes to taxonomy and the international code of Virus Classification and nomenclature ratified by the international committee on taxonomy of Viruses 2018
Archives of Virology, 2017Co-Authors: Andrew M Q King, Elliot J. Lefkowitz, Arcady R Mushegian, Michael J. Adams, Bas E. Dutilh, Alexander E. Gorbalenya, Balázs Harrach, Robert L. HarrisonAbstract:This article lists the changes to Virus taxonomy approved and ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) in March 2017.
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Ratification vote on taxonomic proposals to the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2016)
Archives of Virology, 2016Co-Authors: Michael J. Adams, Andrew M Q King, Elliot J. Lefkowitz, Nick J Knowles, Robert L. Harrison, Mart Krupovic, Andrew M Kropinski, Jens H Kuhn, Arcady R MushegianAbstract:This article lists the changes to Virus taxonomy approved and ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) in April 2016. Changes to Virus taxonomy (the Universal Scheme of Virus Classification of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses [ICTV]) now take place annually and are the result of a multi-stage process. In accordance with the ICTV Statutes ( http://www.ictvonline.org/statutes.asp ), proposals submitted to the ICTV Executive Committee (EC) undergo a review process that involves input from the ICTV Study Groups (SGs) and Subcommittees (SCs), other interested virologists, and the EC. After final approval by the EC, proposals are then presented for ratification to the full ICTV membership by publication on an ICTV web site ( http://www.ictvonline.org/ ) followed by an electronic vote. The latest set of proposals approved by the EC was made available on the ICTV website by January 2016 ( https://talk.ictvonline.org/files/proposals/ ). A list of these proposals was then emailed on 28 March 2016 to the 148 members of ICTV, namely the EC Members, Life Members, ICTV Subcommittee Members (including the SG chairs) and ICTV National Representatives. Members were then requested to vote on whether to ratify the taxonomic proposals (voting closed on 29 April 2016).
