The Experts below are selected from a list of 324 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Naomi Breslau - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Major Depression and Stages of Smoking
2015Co-Authors: Naomi Breslau, Edward L. Peterson, Lonni Schultz, Howard D. Chilcoat, Patricia AndreskiAbstract:dence interval, 0.4-1.6). History of daily smoking at baseline increased significantly the risk for Major Depression (OR, 1.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-3.4). These estimates were reduced somewhat when history of early (ie, before age 15 years) conduct problems was controlled. Estimates based on lifetime data were consistent with these results. Conclusions: The observed influences from Major Depression to subsequent daily smoking and smoking to Major Depression support the plausibility of shared etiologies. Separate causal mechanisms in each direction might also operate, including self-medication of depressed mood as a factor in smoking progression and neuropharmacologic effects of nicotine and other smoke substances on neurotransmitter systems linked to Depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1998;55:161-166
-
Headache and Major Depression: is the association specific to migraine?
Neurology, 2000Co-Authors: Naomi Breslau, Lonni Schultz, Walter F. Stewart, Richard B. Lipton, V.c. Lucia, K.m.a. WelchAbstract:Objective: To examine the relationship between migraine and Major Depression, by estimating the risk for first-onset Major Depression associated with prior migraine and the risk for first migraine associated with prior Major Depression. We also examined the extent to which comorbidity with Major Depression is specific to migraine or is observed in other severe headaches. Methods: Representative samples of persons 25 to 55 years of age with migraine or other severe headaches (i.e., disabling headaches without migraine features) and controls with no history of severe headaches were identified by a telephone survey and later interviewed in person to ascertain history of common psychiatric disorders. Results: Lifetime prevalence of Major Depression was approximately three times higher in persons with migraine and in persons with severe headaches compared with controls. Significant bidirectional relationships were observed between Major eDepression and migraine, with migraine predicting first-onset Depression and Depression predicting first-onset migraine. In contrast, persons with severe headaches had a higher incidence of first-onset Major Depression (hazard ratio = 3.6), but Major Depression did not predict a significantly increased incidence of other severe headaches (hazard ratio = 1.6). Conclusions: The contrasting results regarding the relationship of Major Depression with migraine versus other severe headaches suggest that different causes may underlie the co-occurrence of Major Depression in persons with migraine compared with persons with other severe headaches.
-
Major Depression and stages of smoking. A longitudinal investigation.
Archives of general psychiatry, 1998Co-Authors: Naomi Breslau, Edward L. Peterson, Lonni Schultz, Howard D. Chilcoat, Patricia AndreskiAbstract:Background Epidemiologic studies have reported an association between Major Depression and smoking. This prospective study examines the role of Depression in smoking progression and cessation, and the role of smoking in first-onset Major Depression. Methods Data are from a 5-year longitudinal epidemiologic study of 1007 young adults. Incidence and odds ratios (ORs) are based on the prospective data. Hazards ratios are based on the combined lifetime data and estimated in Cox proportional hazards models with time-dependent covariates. Results Based on the prospective data, history of Major Depression at baseline increased significantly the risk for progression to daily smoking (OR, 3.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-8.2), but did not decrease significantly smokers' rate of quitting (OR, 0.8; 95% confidence interval, 0.4-1.6). History of daily smoking at baseline increased significantly the risk for Major Depression (OR, 1.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-3.4). These estimates were reduced somewhat when history of early (ie, before age 15 years) conduct problems was controlled. Estimates based on lifetime data were consistent with these results. Conclusions The observed influences from Major Depression to subsequent daily smoking and smoking to Major Depression support the plausibility of shared etiologies. Separate causal mechanisms in each direction might also operate, including self-medication of depressed mood as a factor in smoking progression and neuropharmacologic effects of nicotine and other smoke substances on neurotransmitter systems linked to Depression.
-
Migraine and Major Depression: A Longitudinal Study
Headache, 1994Co-Authors: Naomi Breslau, Glenn C. Davis, Lonni R. Schultz, Edward L. PatersonAbstract:SYNOPSIS Recent epidemiologic studies have reported an association between migraine and Major Depression. Little is known about the mechanisms that link the two disorders, or the natural history of their co-occurrence. We examined the association between migraine and Major Depression in a sample of young adults, using longitudinal data. Method: A random sample of 1,007 young adults (21–30 years of age) members of a large HMO in Southeast Michigan was interviewed in 1989; 97% of the sample were reinter-viewed 3.5 years later, in 1992. A structured diagnostic interview was used to elicit information on DSM-III-R Major Depression and IHS migraine in lifetime (in the 1989 interview) and during the 3.5 year follow-up interval (in the 1992 interview). Using Cox-proportional hazards models with time-dependent covariates, we estimated the relative risk for Major Depression associated with prior migraine and the relative risk for migraine associated with prior Major Depression. Results: In this sample of young adults, the incidence of migraine per 1,000 person years, based on the prospectively gathered data, was 5.0 in males and 22.0 in females. The estimated relative risk for Major Depression associated with prior migraine, adjusted for sex and education, was 3.2 (95% CI 2.3–4.6). The adjusted relative risk for migraine associated with prior Major Depression was 3.1 (95% CI 2.0–5.0). Conclusions: The study provides the first body of evidence that the previously observed cross-sectional association between migraine and Major Depression can result from bidirectional influences, with each disorder increasing the risk for first onset of the other. The explanation that Major Depression in persons with migraine represents a psychologic response to migraine attacks would have been more plausible had we found an influence only from migraine to Depression. By diminishing the plausibility of a simple causal explanation for the migraine-Depression comorbidity, the findings favor the shared mechanisms explanation.
Fay Stetner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Cigarette smoking and Major Depression.
Journal of addictive diseases, 1998Co-Authors: Lirio S. Covey, Alexander H. Glassman, Fay StetnerAbstract:The authors review recent literature that has demonstrated an association between cigarette smoking behavior and Major Depression. Persons with Major Depression are more likely to smoke and to have difficulty when they try to stop. When they manage to succeed in stopping, such persons are at increased risk of experiencing mild to severe states of Depression, including full blown Major Depression. The period of vulnerability to a new depressive episode appears to vary from a few weeks to several months after cessation. This knowledge suggests a relationship between smoking and Depression that is complex, pernicious, and potentially life-long. It is recommended that cessation treatments incorporate screening procedures that will identify those patients with a propensity to Depression and monitor the emergence of postcessation Depression, particularly in those with a history of Depression.
-
Major Depression following smoking cessation.
The American journal of psychiatry, 1997Co-Authors: Lirio S. Covey, Alexander H. Glassman, Fay StetnerAbstract:Objective: The authors examined the incidence and predictors of Major Depression following successful smoking cessation treatment, with special attention to the influence of past Major Depression. Method: Three-month follow-up data were obtained from 126 subjects who successfully completed a 10-week smoking cessation program. Results: The 3-month incidence of new Major Depression following treatment for nicotine dependence was 2%, 17%, and 30% among subjects with histories of no Major Depression, single Major Depression, and recurrent Major Depression, respectively. A history of Major Depression and persistent withdrawal symptoms independently predicted posttreatment Major Depression. Conclusions: Continued patient care beyond the 2‐4-week period associated with the nicotine withdrawal syndrome is indicated when abstinence is attempted by smokers with prior Major Depression. (Am J Psychiatry 1997; 154:263‐265)
Alan F. Schatzberg - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Current Issues in the Classification of Psychotic Major Depression
Schizophrenia bulletin, 2007Co-Authors: Jennifer Keller, Alan F. Schatzberg, Mario MajAbstract:Depression is one of the most common mental disorders worldwide. There are a number of Depression subtypes, and there has been much debate about how to most accurately capture and organize the features and subtypes of Major Depression. We review the current state of categorizing unipolar Major Depression with psychotic features (psychotic Major Depression, PMD), including clinical, biological, and treatment aspects of the disorder. We then propose some improvements to the current unipolar Major Depression categorization system. Finally, we identify important issues in need of further research to help elucidate the subtype of unipolar PMD.
-
Cortisol Activity and Cognitive Changes in Psychotic Major Depression
American Journal of Psychiatry, 2001Co-Authors: Joseph K. Belanoff, B. Michelle Kalehzan, Brenda Sund, Shelley K. Fleming Ficek, Alan F. SchatzbergAbstract:Objective: The theory that psychotic Major Depression is a distinct syndrome is supported by reports of statistically significant differences between psychotic and nonpsychotic Major Depression in presenting features, biological measures, familial transmission, course and outcome, and response to treatment. This study examined differences in performance on a verbal memory test and in cortisol levels between patients with psychotic and nonpsychotic Major Depression and healthy volunteers. Method: Ten patients with psychotic Major Depression, 17 patients with nonpsychotic Major Depression, and 10 healthy volunteers were administered the Wallach Memory Recognition Test and had blood drawn at half-hour intervals over the course of an afternoon to assay cortisol levels. Results: Subjects with psychotic Major Depression had a higher rate of errors of commission on the verbal memory test (incorrectly identified distracters as targets) than did subjects with nonpsychotic Major Depression or healthy volunteers; errors of omission were similar among the three groups. Subjects with psychotic Major Depression had higher cortisol levels throughout the afternoon than subjects with nonpsychotic Major Depression or healthy volunteers. This effect became even more pronounced later in the afternoon. Conclusions: Psychotic Major Depression is endocrinologically different from nonpsychotic Major Depression and produces cognitive changes distinct from those seen in nonpsychotic Major Depression.
Lirio S. Covey - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Cigarette smoking and Major Depression.
Journal of addictive diseases, 1998Co-Authors: Lirio S. Covey, Alexander H. Glassman, Fay StetnerAbstract:The authors review recent literature that has demonstrated an association between cigarette smoking behavior and Major Depression. Persons with Major Depression are more likely to smoke and to have difficulty when they try to stop. When they manage to succeed in stopping, such persons are at increased risk of experiencing mild to severe states of Depression, including full blown Major Depression. The period of vulnerability to a new depressive episode appears to vary from a few weeks to several months after cessation. This knowledge suggests a relationship between smoking and Depression that is complex, pernicious, and potentially life-long. It is recommended that cessation treatments incorporate screening procedures that will identify those patients with a propensity to Depression and monitor the emergence of postcessation Depression, particularly in those with a history of Depression.
-
Major Depression following smoking cessation.
The American journal of psychiatry, 1997Co-Authors: Lirio S. Covey, Alexander H. Glassman, Fay StetnerAbstract:Objective: The authors examined the incidence and predictors of Major Depression following successful smoking cessation treatment, with special attention to the influence of past Major Depression. Method: Three-month follow-up data were obtained from 126 subjects who successfully completed a 10-week smoking cessation program. Results: The 3-month incidence of new Major Depression following treatment for nicotine dependence was 2%, 17%, and 30% among subjects with histories of no Major Depression, single Major Depression, and recurrent Major Depression, respectively. A history of Major Depression and persistent withdrawal symptoms independently predicted posttreatment Major Depression. Conclusions: Continued patient care beyond the 2‐4-week period associated with the nicotine withdrawal syndrome is indicated when abstinence is attempted by smokers with prior Major Depression. (Am J Psychiatry 1997; 154:263‐265)
Alvin M. Rouchell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Major Depression in primary care.
The Ochsner journal, 2000Co-Authors: Alvin M. RouchellAbstract:Major Depression in a primary care population is an important clinical entity. Although Major Depression is prevalent in primary care, it is frequently underdiagnosed and undertreated. The presence of Major Depression in the medically ill increases morbidity, mortality, and utilization of medical resources. Depression may be the initial manifestation of a medical disorder. The diagnosis of Major Depression in primary care requires a thorough work-up. This depressive disorder responds best to a combination of counseling and antidepressant medication. An algorithm is suggested to assist the clinician in the selection of an appropriate antidepressant.
