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Jun Wen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Phylogenomic relationships and character evolution of the grape family (Vitaceae).
Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 2020Co-Authors: Ze-long Nie, Chen Ren, Xiu-qun Liu, Elizabeth A. Zimmer, Jun WenAbstract:Abstract The grape family consists of 16 genera and ca. 950 species. It is best known for the economically important fruit crop – the grape Vitis vinifera. The deep phylogenetic relationships and character evolution of the grape family have attracted the attention of researchers in recent years. We herein reconstruct the phylogenomic relationships within Vitaceae using nuclear and plastid genes based on the Hyb-Seq approach and test the newly proposed classification system of the family. The five tribes of the grape family, including Ampelopsideae, Cayratieae, Cisseae, Parthenocisseae, and Viteae, are each robustly supported by both nuclear and chloroplast genomic data and the backbone relationships are congruent with previous reports. The cupular floral disc (raised above and free from ovary at the upper part) is an ancestral state of Vitaceae, with the inconspicuous floral disc as derived in the tribe Parthenocisseae, and the state of adnate to the ovary as derived in the tribe Viteae. The 5-merous floral pattern was inferred to be the ancestral in Vitaceae, with the 4-merous flowers evolved at least two times in the family. The compound dichasial cyme (cymose with two secondary axes) is ancestral in Vitaceae and the thyrse inflorescence (a combination of racemose and cymose branching) in tribe Viteae is derived. The ribbon-like trichome only evolved once in Vitaceae, as a synapomorphy for the tribe Viteae.
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Genome size variation and evolution in the grape family Vitaceae
Journal of Systematics and Evolution, 2018Co-Authors: Zhao‐fu Chu, Ze-long Nie, Jun Wen, Yongping Yang, Ying MengAbstract:Genome size variation is of fundamental biological importance and has been a longstanding puzzle in evolutionary biology. In the present study, the genome size of 61 accessions corresponding to 11 genera and 50 species of Vitaceae and Leeaceae is determined using flow cytometry. Phylogenetically based statistical analyses were used to infer ancestral character reconstructions of nuclear DNA contents. The DNA 1C‐values of 38 species are reported for the first time, with the largest genome (Cyphostemma humile (N. E. Br.) Desc. ex Wild & R. B. Drumm, 1C = 3.25 pg) roughly 10.48‐fold larger than the smallest (Vitis vulpina L., 1C = 0.31 pg). The large genomes are restricted to the tribe Cayratieae, and most other extant species in the family possess relatively small genomes. Ancestral genome size reconstruction revealed that the most recent common ancestor for the family had a relatively small genome (1C = 0.85 pg). Genome evolution in Vitaceae has been characterized by a trend towards genome size reduction, with just one episode of apparent DNA accumulation in the Cayratieae lineage. Such contrasting patterns of genome size evolution probably resulted from transposable elements and chromosome rearrangements, while neopolyploidization seems to contribute to recent genome increase in some species at the tips in the family tree.
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inflorescence development in the vitis ampelocissus clade of Vitaceae the unusual lamellate inflorescence of pterisanthes
Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2015Co-Authors: Stefanie M Ickertbond, Jean M. Gerrath, Usher Posluszny, Jun WenAbstract:Pterisanthes (Vitaceae) is a genus of c. 20 species of scandent climbers endemic to Southeast Asia with unusual lamellate inflorescences. Molecular phylogenetic analysis supports its relationship in the well‐supported Vitis–Ampelocissus–Nothocissus–Pterisanthes clade (i.e. the Ampelocissus–Vitis clade). Shoot tips and floral buds were collected from wild and greenhouse‐grown P. eriopoda at different developmental stages and were examined using epi‐illumination, light and scanning electron microscopy. Inflorescence and floral ontogeny was studied to discover how the lamellate inflorescence evolved and to make morphological comparisons to infer relationships with closely related members of Vitaceae. The second‐order branches in P. eriopoda are racemose and develop helically around the inflorescence axis in a similar fashion to Vitis and Ampelocissus. Inflorescence branching is restricted to the second order in P. eriopoda, whereas in Vitis and most Ampelocissus species subsequent branching orders culminate in the typical vitaceous determinate dichasium. In P. eriopoda subsequent lateral growth of the second‐order branches combined with the inhibition of peduncle or pedicel formation and loss of dichasial branching results in the unique lamellae in Pterisanthes, on which the floral primordia arise directly in a helical pattern. Floral development in P. eriopoda is the same as in other genera of Vitaceae examined to date with initiation of floral whorls centripetally, the calyx ring developing first and calyx lobes fused to cover the petals and stamen primordia. Given the recent phylogenetic results that placed Pterisanthes firmly within Ampelocissus, the most likely scenario is that the Pterisanthes inflorescence is derived from the thyrse of an Ampelocissus‐like ancestor and that the thyrse is a morphological synapomorphy of the Ampelocissus–Vitis clade. © 2015 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2015, 179, 725–741.
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Inflorescence development in the Vitis–Ampelocissus clade of Vitaceae: the unusual lamellate inflorescence of Pterisanthes
Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2015Co-Authors: Stefanie M. Ickert-bond, Jean M. Gerrath, Usher Posluszny, Jun WenAbstract:Pterisanthes (Vitaceae) is a genus of c. 20 species of scandent climbers endemic to Southeast Asia with unusual lamellate inflorescences. Molecular phylogenetic analysis supports its relationship in the well‐supported Vitis–Ampelocissus–Nothocissus–Pterisanthes clade (i.e. the Ampelocissus–Vitis clade). Shoot tips and floral buds were collected from wild and greenhouse‐grown P. eriopoda at different developmental stages and were examined using epi‐illumination, light and scanning electron microscopy. Inflorescence and floral ontogeny was studied to discover how the lamellate inflorescence evolved and to make morphological comparisons to infer relationships with closely related members of Vitaceae. The second‐order branches in P. eriopoda are racemose and develop helically around the inflorescence axis in a similar fashion to Vitis and Ampelocissus. Inflorescence branching is restricted to the second order in P. eriopoda, whereas in Vitis and most Ampelocissus species subsequent branching orders culminate in the typical vitaceous determinate dichasium. In P. eriopoda subsequent lateral growth of the second‐order branches combined with the inhibition of peduncle or pedicel formation and loss of dichasial branching results in the unique lamellae in Pterisanthes, on which the floral primordia arise directly in a helical pattern. Floral development in P. eriopoda is the same as in other genera of Vitaceae examined to date with initiation of floral whorls centripetally, the calyx ring developing first and calyx lobes fused to cover the petals and stamen primordia. Given the recent phylogenetic results that placed Pterisanthes firmly within Ampelocissus, the most likely scenario is that the Pterisanthes inflorescence is derived from the thyrse of an Ampelocissus‐like ancestor and that the thyrse is a morphological synapomorphy of the Ampelocissus–Vitis clade. © 2015 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2015, 179, 725–741.
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Expression patterns of AP1, FUL, FT and LEAFY orthologs in Vitaceae support the homology of tendrils and inflorescences throughout the grape family
Journal of Systematics and Evolution, 2015Co-Authors: Ning Zhang, Jun Wen, Elizabeth A. ZimmerAbstract:The leaf-opposed tendril, a characteristic organ in Vitaceae (grape family), is likely a morphological key innovation for the family. It has been considered as the homologous organ of the inflorescence. Expression of floral related genes has been studied extensively in the model species, grapevine (Vitis vinifera), to uncover molecular mechanisms that determine the development of a common uncommitted primordium (or an anlage) into an inflorescence or a tendril. However, to investigate the homology of tendrils and inflorescences in Vitaceae, evidence only from the highly derived grapevine is insufficient. Therefore, gene sequences of four key floral meristem genes, i.e., FUL, AP1, FT and LEAFY orthologs were obtained from transcriptome data of 14 Vitaceae species, the grapevine genome and the outgroup Leea guineensis. Additionally, expression patterns of these four genes were studied in leaves, tendrils, and inflorescences of five phylogenetically distinct Vitaceae species. Expression of the AP1 ortholog was only detected in the tendril and the inflorescence but not in the leaf for all species, indicating that the tendril is more like the inflorescence than the leaf and that the tendrils from these six species including grapevine are likely homologous. Meanwhile, expression of the LEAFY ortholog was found in the inflorescence but not in the tendril and leaf, suggesting that the LEAFY ortholog expression might play a role in determining whether an anlage develops into a tendril or an inflorescence. Based on combined evidence from the expression patterns of these four genes, the possible mechanisms on the evolution of tendrils are discussed.
Jean M. Gerrath - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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inflorescence development in the vitis ampelocissus clade of Vitaceae the unusual lamellate inflorescence of pterisanthes
Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2015Co-Authors: Stefanie M Ickertbond, Jean M. Gerrath, Usher Posluszny, Jun WenAbstract:Pterisanthes (Vitaceae) is a genus of c. 20 species of scandent climbers endemic to Southeast Asia with unusual lamellate inflorescences. Molecular phylogenetic analysis supports its relationship in the well‐supported Vitis–Ampelocissus–Nothocissus–Pterisanthes clade (i.e. the Ampelocissus–Vitis clade). Shoot tips and floral buds were collected from wild and greenhouse‐grown P. eriopoda at different developmental stages and were examined using epi‐illumination, light and scanning electron microscopy. Inflorescence and floral ontogeny was studied to discover how the lamellate inflorescence evolved and to make morphological comparisons to infer relationships with closely related members of Vitaceae. The second‐order branches in P. eriopoda are racemose and develop helically around the inflorescence axis in a similar fashion to Vitis and Ampelocissus. Inflorescence branching is restricted to the second order in P. eriopoda, whereas in Vitis and most Ampelocissus species subsequent branching orders culminate in the typical vitaceous determinate dichasium. In P. eriopoda subsequent lateral growth of the second‐order branches combined with the inhibition of peduncle or pedicel formation and loss of dichasial branching results in the unique lamellae in Pterisanthes, on which the floral primordia arise directly in a helical pattern. Floral development in P. eriopoda is the same as in other genera of Vitaceae examined to date with initiation of floral whorls centripetally, the calyx ring developing first and calyx lobes fused to cover the petals and stamen primordia. Given the recent phylogenetic results that placed Pterisanthes firmly within Ampelocissus, the most likely scenario is that the Pterisanthes inflorescence is derived from the thyrse of an Ampelocissus‐like ancestor and that the thyrse is a morphological synapomorphy of the Ampelocissus–Vitis clade. © 2015 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2015, 179, 725–741.
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Vitaceae Systematics (Origin, Characteristics and Relationships)
Taming the Wild Grape, 2015Co-Authors: Jean M. Gerrath, Usher Posluszny, L. H. MelvilleAbstract:This chapter introduces the grape family, the Vitaceae. It begins with a summary of its ecology and economic importance, continues with a discussion of the major morphological features of the family members, and finishes with a survey of the genera and their phylogenetic relationships. The Leeaceae, sister to the Vitaceae, and the other family in the order Vitales, is discussed and illustrated separately. Based on recent molecular phylogenetic studies, the 15 formally recognized genera in the Vitaceae form five major clades, although the details within the clades are not yet fully settled. Clade I, likely the most basal, includes Ampelopsis, Rhoicissus, Cissus striata/Clematicissus and Nekemias. Clade II consists of Parthenocissus and Yua. Clade III is made up of Vitis, Ampelocissus, Pterisanthes and Nothocissus. The largest genus, Cissus, forms Clade IV, and Clade V consists of Cyphostemma, Tetrastigma, Causonis and Cayratia. Representatives of each clade are illustrated, and the major features of each genus are discussed.
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Identification of Vitaceae in North America
Taming the Wild Grape, 2015Co-Authors: Jean M. Gerrath, Usher Posluszny, L. H. MelvilleAbstract:This chapter is an identification guide for 19 species of the Vitaceae that are native to or naturalized in eastern North America: Ampelopsis (3 spp.), Causonis (1 sp.), Cissus (1 sp.) Nekemias (1 sp.), Parthenocissus (3 spp.) and Vitis (10 spp.). It includes keys to the genera and their general descriptions. Where necessary, there are individual keys to the species within a genus. There is a general description for each species that includes growth habits and key characters as well as a section giving distribution data and detailed information on shoot tip, leaf, fruit and seed characters. Each species description is accompanied by detailed illustrations of the general habit, leaf shape, upper and lower leaf surfaces, flowers, fruits, seeds and other relevant key characters. Besides its usefulness as an identification tool, the information in this chapter provides detailed reference information for most of the commonly found North American Vitaceae.
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Reproductive Features of the Vitaceae
Taming the Wild Grape, 2015Co-Authors: Jean M. Gerrath, Usher Posluszny, L. H. MelvilleAbstract:This chapter discusses aspects of the reproductive features within the Vitaceae from the point of view of development, within a comparative systematics framework. The typical stages of inflorescence initiation and development are illustrated, as well as the variability in mature inflorescence patterns present across the clades. Likewise, the patterns of individual floral development and variations in mature flower characters are discussed and illustrated for the family. One of these, the occurrence of dioecy, is discussed at length and compared to the more typical vitaceous hermaphrodite flower. The general patterns of pollination and fertilization found in the family are discussed, as well as the structure of vitaceous berries and seeds. In many instances, what is known about reproduction in the family is based largely on what is known for Vitis. Here we show that the thyrse inflorescence, the floral calyptra, the lack of nectar and the presence of dioecy are just some of the reproductive features of Vitis that do not typify the family.
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Vegetative Features of the Vitaceae
Taming the Wild Grape, 2015Co-Authors: Jean M. Gerrath, Usher Posluszny, L. H. MelvilleAbstract:This chapter focuses on the nonreproductive features of the grape family, especially the unique and unusual ones. The most unusual is the initiation of the uncommitted primordia directly from the shoot apical meristem (SAM) opposite the leaf primordium. This results in a unique mature shoot architecture in which the tendrils or inflorescences are opposite the leaves. Tendrils occur at every node, or at two of three nodes, and this pattern, combined with differing patterns of axillary bud presence, results in 5 shoot architectural patterns. The developmental fate of the uncommitted primordium is a tendril, an inflorescence or a hybrid organ. The internal and external factors that may determine these fates are discussed. The structure of the complex buds, as well as the occurrence of supernumerary buds in some genera, is also clarified. The initiation, early development and mature forms of leaves are included. Hairs are useful identification features in the family, and there is a short section on the most commonly found types. Two interesting insect–plant interactions found in the Vitaceae are discussed. The first is between ants and pearl bodies, which are structurally variable throughout the family, and the second is between mites and domatia, which are present in vein angles of the lower leaf surface of some species.
Ze-long Nie - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Phylogenomic relationships and character evolution of the grape family (Vitaceae).
Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 2020Co-Authors: Ze-long Nie, Chen Ren, Xiu-qun Liu, Elizabeth A. Zimmer, Jun WenAbstract:Abstract The grape family consists of 16 genera and ca. 950 species. It is best known for the economically important fruit crop – the grape Vitis vinifera. The deep phylogenetic relationships and character evolution of the grape family have attracted the attention of researchers in recent years. We herein reconstruct the phylogenomic relationships within Vitaceae using nuclear and plastid genes based on the Hyb-Seq approach and test the newly proposed classification system of the family. The five tribes of the grape family, including Ampelopsideae, Cayratieae, Cisseae, Parthenocisseae, and Viteae, are each robustly supported by both nuclear and chloroplast genomic data and the backbone relationships are congruent with previous reports. The cupular floral disc (raised above and free from ovary at the upper part) is an ancestral state of Vitaceae, with the inconspicuous floral disc as derived in the tribe Parthenocisseae, and the state of adnate to the ovary as derived in the tribe Viteae. The 5-merous floral pattern was inferred to be the ancestral in Vitaceae, with the 4-merous flowers evolved at least two times in the family. The compound dichasial cyme (cymose with two secondary axes) is ancestral in Vitaceae and the thyrse inflorescence (a combination of racemose and cymose branching) in tribe Viteae is derived. The ribbon-like trichome only evolved once in Vitaceae, as a synapomorphy for the tribe Viteae.
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Genome size variation and evolution in the grape family Vitaceae
Journal of Systematics and Evolution, 2018Co-Authors: Zhao‐fu Chu, Ze-long Nie, Jun Wen, Yongping Yang, Ying MengAbstract:Genome size variation is of fundamental biological importance and has been a longstanding puzzle in evolutionary biology. In the present study, the genome size of 61 accessions corresponding to 11 genera and 50 species of Vitaceae and Leeaceae is determined using flow cytometry. Phylogenetically based statistical analyses were used to infer ancestral character reconstructions of nuclear DNA contents. The DNA 1C‐values of 38 species are reported for the first time, with the largest genome (Cyphostemma humile (N. E. Br.) Desc. ex Wild & R. B. Drumm, 1C = 3.25 pg) roughly 10.48‐fold larger than the smallest (Vitis vulpina L., 1C = 0.31 pg). The large genomes are restricted to the tribe Cayratieae, and most other extant species in the family possess relatively small genomes. Ancestral genome size reconstruction revealed that the most recent common ancestor for the family had a relatively small genome (1C = 0.85 pg). Genome evolution in Vitaceae has been characterized by a trend towards genome size reduction, with just one episode of apparent DNA accumulation in the Cayratieae lineage. Such contrasting patterns of genome size evolution probably resulted from transposable elements and chromosome rearrangements, while neopolyploidization seems to contribute to recent genome increase in some species at the tips in the family tree.
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Synopsis of Nekemias Raf., a segregate genus from Ampelopsis Michx. (Vitaceae) disjunct between eastern/southeastern Asia and eastern North America, with ten new combinations.
PhytoKeys, 2014Co-Authors: Jun Wen, John K. Boggan, Ze-long NieAbstract:The genus Nekemias (Vitaceae) was first recognized by Rafinesque in 1838. It has been treated as a synonym of Amp elopsis Michx. Recent phylogenetic studies suggest that Amp elopsis as traditionally delimited is paraphyletic. To maintain the monophyly of each of the genera of Vitaceae, we herein segregate the Amp elopsis sect. Leeaceifbliae lineage from Amp elopsis and recognize these taxa in Nekemias Raf., which has a disjunct distribution in eastern to southeastern Asia and eastern North America. Nomenclatural changes are made for nine species and one variety: Nekemias arborea (L.) J. Wen & Boggan, N cantoniensis (Hook. & Am.) J. Wen & Z.L. Nie, N celebica (Suess.) J. Wen & Boggan, N chaffanjonii (H. Lev. & Van.) J. Wen & Z.L. Nie, N gongshanensis (C.L. Li) J. Wen & Z.L. Nie, N grossedentata (Hand.-Mazz.) J. Wen & Z.L. Nie, N hypoglauca (Hance) J. Wen & Z.L. Nie, N megalophylla (Diels & Gilg) J. Wen & Z.L. Nie, N megalophylla var. jiangxiensis (WT. Wang) J. Wen & Z.L. Nie, and N rubifblia (Wall.) J. Wen & Z.L. Nie. A taxonomic key is provided for the genus to facilitate identification.
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synopsis of nekemias raf a segregate genus from ampelopsis michx Vitaceae disjunct between eastern southeastern asia and eastern north america with ten new combinations
PhytoKeys, 2014Co-Authors: Jun Wen, John K. Boggan, Ze-long NieAbstract:The genus Nekemias (Vitaceae) was first recognized by Rafinesque in 1838. It has been treated as a synonym of Amp elopsis Michx. Recent phylogenetic studies suggest that Amp elopsis as traditionally delimited is paraphyletic. To maintain the monophyly of each of the genera of Vitaceae, we herein segregate the Amp elopsis sect. Leeaceifbliae lineage from Amp elopsis and recognize these taxa in Nekemias Raf., which has a disjunct distribution in eastern to southeastern Asia and eastern North America. Nomenclatural changes are made for nine species and one variety: Nekemias arborea (L.) J. Wen & Boggan, N cantoniensis (Hook. & Am.) J. Wen & Z.L. Nie, N celebica (Suess.) J. Wen & Boggan, N chaffanjonii (H. Lev. & Van.) J. Wen & Z.L. Nie, N gongshanensis (C.L. Li) J. Wen & Z.L. Nie, N grossedentata (Hand.-Mazz.) J. Wen & Z.L. Nie, N hypoglauca (Hance) J. Wen & Z.L. Nie, N megalophylla (Diels & Gilg) J. Wen & Z.L. Nie, N megalophylla var. jiangxiensis (WT. Wang) J. Wen & Z.L. Nie, and N rubifblia (Wall.) J. Wen & Z.L. Nie. A taxonomic key is provided for the genus to facilitate identification.
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Molecular phylogeny and biogeographic diversification of Parthenocissus (Vitaceae) disjunct between Asia and North America.
American journal of botany, 2010Co-Authors: Ze-long Nie, Steven R. Manchester, Hang Sun, Zhi-duan Chen, Ying Meng, Jun WenAbstract:Premise of the study : Parthenocissus is a genus of the grape family Vitaceae and has a disjunct distribution in Asia and North America with members in both tropical and temperate regions. The monophyly of Parthenocissus has not yet been tested, and the species relationships and the evolution of its intercontinental disjunction have not been investigated with extensive sampling and molecular phylogenetic methods.
Julio Antonio Lombardi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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flora das cangas da serra dos carajas para brasil Vitaceae
Rodriguesia, 2016Co-Authors: Julio Antonio LombardiAbstract:Sao apresentadas as especies de Vitaceae registradas para as areas de canga da Serra dos Carajas, estado do Para, incluindo descricoes morfologicas, ilustracoes, distribuicao e comentarios. Foram encontradas quatro especies de Cissus para a regiao: C. apendiculata, especie restrita aos estados do Maranhao, Para e Tocantins, e as especies amplamente distribuidas C. erosa, C. tinctoria e C. verticillata subsp. verticillata.
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One New Species and One New Subspecies of Cissus (Vitaceae)
2016Co-Authors: Julio Antonio LombardiAbstract:Cissus colombiensis and C. verticillata subsp. colombiana, new taxa of Vitaceae, are de- scribed from Colombia. In addition to descriptions and illustrations, comments on their probable re- lationships and distributions are presented. Cissus L. has approximately 55 species in South America and is the largest genus in the Vitaceae. Many of the species described by Baker (1871; placed in the genus Vitis), and Planchon (1887) were considered synonyms in a recent taxonomic survey by the author (Lombardi, 1995), while one new species and one new subspecies were found in Colombia: Cissus colombiensis and C. verticillata subsp. colombiana.
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Typification of the Linnaean name Bignonia peruviana (Vitaceae)
Phytotaxa, 2015Co-Authors: Duilio Iamonico, Julio Antonio Lombardi, Enrico Banfi, Gabriele Galasso, Lúcia G. Lohmann, Nicola M. G. ArdenghiAbstract:Vitaceae Juss. is a family of 15 genera and about 750 species mainly distributed in tropical regions of Asia, Africa, Australia, the neotropics, and the Pacific islands, with a few genera [ Vitis Linnaeus (1753: 202), Parthenocissus Planchon [1887: 447(–448)], Ampelopsis Michaux (1803: 159), and Nekemias Rafinesque (1838: 87)] occurring in temperate regions (APGIII 2009, Wen 2007, Wen et al. 2014). The family is well known for its economical importance since several species, especially Vitis vinifera Linnaeus (1753: 202) and several artificial hybrids of Vitis , are important sources of grapes, wine, and raisins (Ardenghi et al. 2014). Bignonia peruviana Linnaeus (1753: 625), one of the 19 Vitaceae names published by Carl Linnaeus (see Jarvis 2007) appears to be yet untypified, and is here investigated as part of ongoing studies on: (1) Linnaean types (by D. Iamonico, see e.g., Ferrer-Gallego et al. 2014, Iamonico 2014a, 2014b, 2014c, Iamonico et al. 2014, 2015, Sukhorukov et al. 2014); (2) the genus Vitis in Italy (by N.M.G. Ardenghi, E. Banfi, and G. Galasso, see e.g. Ardenghi et al. 2014, 2015a, 2015b); (3) the Neotropical Vitaceae (by J. Lombardi, see e.g., Lombardi 1995, 1997, 2000, Rodrigues et al. 2014); and (4) the Bignoniaceae (by L.G. Lohmann, see e.g., Lohmann et al. 2013, Lohmann & Taylor 2014, Fonseca et al. 2015, Medeiros & Lohmann 2015, Zuntini et al. 2014).
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New combinations for the South American Cissus striata clade (Vitaceae)
Phytotaxa, 2015Co-Authors: Julio Antonio LombardiAbstract:Phylogenetic studies based on plastid and nuclear data (Soejima & Wen 2006, Wen et al. 2007, Ren et al. 2011, Nie et al. 2012, Rodrigues et al. 2014) have shown that Ampelopsis Michaux (1803: 159) and Cissus Linnaeus (1753: 117) (Vitaceae) are paraphyletic genera.
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Cissus xerophila (Vitaceae), a new species from the xerophytic vegetation of northeastern Minas Gerais, Brazil
Brittonia, 2004Co-Authors: Julio Antonio LombardiAbstract:A new species of Vitaceae is described and illustrated:Cissus xerophila, a simple-leaved species similar toC. verticillata (L.) Nicolson & C. E. Jarvis and related species. A key to the group in South America is presented.
Usher Posluszny - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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inflorescence development in the vitis ampelocissus clade of Vitaceae the unusual lamellate inflorescence of pterisanthes
Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2015Co-Authors: Stefanie M Ickertbond, Jean M. Gerrath, Usher Posluszny, Jun WenAbstract:Pterisanthes (Vitaceae) is a genus of c. 20 species of scandent climbers endemic to Southeast Asia with unusual lamellate inflorescences. Molecular phylogenetic analysis supports its relationship in the well‐supported Vitis–Ampelocissus–Nothocissus–Pterisanthes clade (i.e. the Ampelocissus–Vitis clade). Shoot tips and floral buds were collected from wild and greenhouse‐grown P. eriopoda at different developmental stages and were examined using epi‐illumination, light and scanning electron microscopy. Inflorescence and floral ontogeny was studied to discover how the lamellate inflorescence evolved and to make morphological comparisons to infer relationships with closely related members of Vitaceae. The second‐order branches in P. eriopoda are racemose and develop helically around the inflorescence axis in a similar fashion to Vitis and Ampelocissus. Inflorescence branching is restricted to the second order in P. eriopoda, whereas in Vitis and most Ampelocissus species subsequent branching orders culminate in the typical vitaceous determinate dichasium. In P. eriopoda subsequent lateral growth of the second‐order branches combined with the inhibition of peduncle or pedicel formation and loss of dichasial branching results in the unique lamellae in Pterisanthes, on which the floral primordia arise directly in a helical pattern. Floral development in P. eriopoda is the same as in other genera of Vitaceae examined to date with initiation of floral whorls centripetally, the calyx ring developing first and calyx lobes fused to cover the petals and stamen primordia. Given the recent phylogenetic results that placed Pterisanthes firmly within Ampelocissus, the most likely scenario is that the Pterisanthes inflorescence is derived from the thyrse of an Ampelocissus‐like ancestor and that the thyrse is a morphological synapomorphy of the Ampelocissus–Vitis clade. © 2015 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2015, 179, 725–741.
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Vitaceae Systematics (Origin, Characteristics and Relationships)
Taming the Wild Grape, 2015Co-Authors: Jean M. Gerrath, Usher Posluszny, L. H. MelvilleAbstract:This chapter introduces the grape family, the Vitaceae. It begins with a summary of its ecology and economic importance, continues with a discussion of the major morphological features of the family members, and finishes with a survey of the genera and their phylogenetic relationships. The Leeaceae, sister to the Vitaceae, and the other family in the order Vitales, is discussed and illustrated separately. Based on recent molecular phylogenetic studies, the 15 formally recognized genera in the Vitaceae form five major clades, although the details within the clades are not yet fully settled. Clade I, likely the most basal, includes Ampelopsis, Rhoicissus, Cissus striata/Clematicissus and Nekemias. Clade II consists of Parthenocissus and Yua. Clade III is made up of Vitis, Ampelocissus, Pterisanthes and Nothocissus. The largest genus, Cissus, forms Clade IV, and Clade V consists of Cyphostemma, Tetrastigma, Causonis and Cayratia. Representatives of each clade are illustrated, and the major features of each genus are discussed.
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Identification of Vitaceae in North America
Taming the Wild Grape, 2015Co-Authors: Jean M. Gerrath, Usher Posluszny, L. H. MelvilleAbstract:This chapter is an identification guide for 19 species of the Vitaceae that are native to or naturalized in eastern North America: Ampelopsis (3 spp.), Causonis (1 sp.), Cissus (1 sp.) Nekemias (1 sp.), Parthenocissus (3 spp.) and Vitis (10 spp.). It includes keys to the genera and their general descriptions. Where necessary, there are individual keys to the species within a genus. There is a general description for each species that includes growth habits and key characters as well as a section giving distribution data and detailed information on shoot tip, leaf, fruit and seed characters. Each species description is accompanied by detailed illustrations of the general habit, leaf shape, upper and lower leaf surfaces, flowers, fruits, seeds and other relevant key characters. Besides its usefulness as an identification tool, the information in this chapter provides detailed reference information for most of the commonly found North American Vitaceae.
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Reproductive Features of the Vitaceae
Taming the Wild Grape, 2015Co-Authors: Jean M. Gerrath, Usher Posluszny, L. H. MelvilleAbstract:This chapter discusses aspects of the reproductive features within the Vitaceae from the point of view of development, within a comparative systematics framework. The typical stages of inflorescence initiation and development are illustrated, as well as the variability in mature inflorescence patterns present across the clades. Likewise, the patterns of individual floral development and variations in mature flower characters are discussed and illustrated for the family. One of these, the occurrence of dioecy, is discussed at length and compared to the more typical vitaceous hermaphrodite flower. The general patterns of pollination and fertilization found in the family are discussed, as well as the structure of vitaceous berries and seeds. In many instances, what is known about reproduction in the family is based largely on what is known for Vitis. Here we show that the thyrse inflorescence, the floral calyptra, the lack of nectar and the presence of dioecy are just some of the reproductive features of Vitis that do not typify the family.
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Vegetative Features of the Vitaceae
Taming the Wild Grape, 2015Co-Authors: Jean M. Gerrath, Usher Posluszny, L. H. MelvilleAbstract:This chapter focuses on the nonreproductive features of the grape family, especially the unique and unusual ones. The most unusual is the initiation of the uncommitted primordia directly from the shoot apical meristem (SAM) opposite the leaf primordium. This results in a unique mature shoot architecture in which the tendrils or inflorescences are opposite the leaves. Tendrils occur at every node, or at two of three nodes, and this pattern, combined with differing patterns of axillary bud presence, results in 5 shoot architectural patterns. The developmental fate of the uncommitted primordium is a tendril, an inflorescence or a hybrid organ. The internal and external factors that may determine these fates are discussed. The structure of the complex buds, as well as the occurrence of supernumerary buds in some genera, is also clarified. The initiation, early development and mature forms of leaves are included. Hairs are useful identification features in the family, and there is a short section on the most commonly found types. Two interesting insect–plant interactions found in the Vitaceae are discussed. The first is between ants and pearl bodies, which are structurally variable throughout the family, and the second is between mites and domatia, which are present in vein angles of the lower leaf surface of some species.
