The Experts below are selected from a list of 288 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Matthew O. Howard - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Volatile Substance misuse toward a research agenda
American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 2013Co-Authors: Matthew O. Howard, Eric L. GarlandAbstract:Background: Volatile Substance misuse (VSM) is a significant but under-researched global health problem. Objectives: This perspective calls for additional VSM research in key areas including the phenomenology and adverse health and social consequences of acute inhalant intoxication and for prospective longitudinal studies of the natural history of VSM and related deleterious long-term biomedical and psychosocial outcomes. Taxonomic investigations are needed to identify subtypes of Volatile Substance misusers (VSMs), whereas qualitative and mixed methods evaluations would provide important information about cultural and interpersonal contexts and specific patterns, modalities and agents of VSM. Treatment outcome and health services studies have rarely been conducted with reference to VSMs and are needed. Studies of specific inhalants and high-risk populations for VSM would also contribute to current knowledge regarding VSM and help reduce the toll taken by this prevalent form of drug misuse. Methods: The a...
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Volatile Substance Misuse
CNS Drugs, 2012Co-Authors: Eric L. Garland, Matthew O. HowardAbstract:Volatile Substance misuse is among the most prevalent and toxic forms of psychoactive drug use, and often results in highly deleterious social, psychological and medical consequences. The prevalence of this pernicious form of Substance misuse owes in part to the fact that Volatile Substances of misuse are ubiquitous in the natural environment. Commonly misused commercial products include glue, shoe polish, nail polish remover, butane lighter fluid, gasoline and computer duster spray. National samples of Volatile Substance misusers tend to exhibit high rates of psychiatric problems and antisocial behaviour. In addition, cognitive impairments and affective dysregulation are often observed among these individuals. Volatile Substances exert their complex neuropharmacological effects on dopaminergic, glutamatergic, GABAergic and serotoninergic receptor systems, as well as on cell membranes and ion channels. Concomitantly, pharmacotherapies for Volatile Substance abuse might profitably target a number of mechanisms, including reward circuitry in the brain, symptoms of craving and withdrawal, neuropsychiatric and emotional impairments that promote Volatile Substance abuse, and cognitive enhancement to rectify deficits in executive function. This review details the modes of use, subjective effects, epidemiology, adverse consequences, neuropsychopharmacology and drug treatment of Volatile Substance misuse, and discusses the potential role of novel forms of pharmacological intervention for this oft-overlooked public health threat of epidemic proportions.
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Volatile Substance misuse clinical considerations neuropsychopharmacology and potential role of pharmacotherapy in management
CNS Drugs, 2012Co-Authors: Eric L. Garland, Matthew O. HowardAbstract:Volatile Substance misuse is among the most prevalent and toxic forms of psychoactive drug use, and often results in highly deleterious social, psychological and medical consequences. The prevalence of this pernicious form of Substance misuse owes in part to the fact that Volatile Substances of misuse are ubiquitous in the natural environment. Commonly misused commercial products include glue, shoe polish, nail polish remover, butane lighter fluid, gasoline and computer duster spray. National samples of Volatile Substance misusers tend to exhibit high rates of psychiatric problems and antisocial behaviour. In addition, cognitive impairments and affective dysregulation are often observed among these individuals. Volatile Substances exert their complex neuropharmacological effects on dopaminergic, glutamatergic, GABAergic and serotoninergic receptor systems, as well as on cell membranes and ion channels. Concomitantly, pharmacotherapies for Volatile Substance abuse might profitably target a number of mechanisms, including reward circuitry in the brain, symptoms of craving and withdrawal, neuropsychiatric and emotional impairments that promote Volatile Substance abuse, and cognitive enhancement to rectify deficits in executive function. This review details the modes of use, subjective effects, epidemiology, adverse consequences, neuropsychopharmacology and drug treatment of Volatile Substance misuse, and discusses the potential role of novel forms of pharmacological intervention for this oft-overlooked public health threat of epidemic proportions.
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Volatile Substance misuse in the united states
Substance Use & Misuse, 2011Co-Authors: Eric L. Garland, Matthew O. Howard, Michael G Vaughn, Brian E PerronAbstract:Volatile Substance misuse (VSM) is prevalent in the United States and associated with manifold deleterious outcomes. This review summarizes research on: (1) the prevalence of VSM in the United States and its trends since 1975, (2) population subgroups at an elevated risk for VSM, (3) key correlates of VSM, (4) psychosocial consequences of VSM, including emerging public health threats, and (5) etiological and contextual considerations of VSM use. Implications for future research and practice with Volatile Substance misusers in the United States are identified.
S Wright - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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deaths from Volatile Substance abuse in those under 18 years results from a national epidemiological study
Archives of Disease in Childhood, 1993Co-Authors: Aneez Esmail, L Meyer, A Pottier, S WrightAbstract:The epidemiology of deaths from Volatile Substance abuse (VSA) in those under 18 years that occurred in the UK from 1981-90 is described. The analysis of deaths is based on a national register, which has information obtained from a regular survey of coroners, the Office of Population Censuses and Surveys, and a press clippings agency. Altogether 605 people under 18 died from VSA during this period. Seventy per cent of deaths occurred between the ages of 14 and 16. The largest number of deaths were attributed to butane gas lighter refills. There was a large north-south gradient in age specific mortality ratios (Scotland 180, south east England 87) and nearly four times as many deaths occurred in social class V compared with social class I. Deaths from VSA are an important and preventable cause of deaths in those under 18. Strategies aimed at prevention should include measures to reduce experimentation, intervention to reduce socioeconomic deprivation, and health education campaigns aimed at schools and parents.
Eric L. Garland - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Volatile Substance misuse toward a research agenda
American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 2013Co-Authors: Matthew O. Howard, Eric L. GarlandAbstract:Background: Volatile Substance misuse (VSM) is a significant but under-researched global health problem. Objectives: This perspective calls for additional VSM research in key areas including the phenomenology and adverse health and social consequences of acute inhalant intoxication and for prospective longitudinal studies of the natural history of VSM and related deleterious long-term biomedical and psychosocial outcomes. Taxonomic investigations are needed to identify subtypes of Volatile Substance misusers (VSMs), whereas qualitative and mixed methods evaluations would provide important information about cultural and interpersonal contexts and specific patterns, modalities and agents of VSM. Treatment outcome and health services studies have rarely been conducted with reference to VSMs and are needed. Studies of specific inhalants and high-risk populations for VSM would also contribute to current knowledge regarding VSM and help reduce the toll taken by this prevalent form of drug misuse. Methods: The a...
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Volatile Substance Misuse
CNS Drugs, 2012Co-Authors: Eric L. Garland, Matthew O. HowardAbstract:Volatile Substance misuse is among the most prevalent and toxic forms of psychoactive drug use, and often results in highly deleterious social, psychological and medical consequences. The prevalence of this pernicious form of Substance misuse owes in part to the fact that Volatile Substances of misuse are ubiquitous in the natural environment. Commonly misused commercial products include glue, shoe polish, nail polish remover, butane lighter fluid, gasoline and computer duster spray. National samples of Volatile Substance misusers tend to exhibit high rates of psychiatric problems and antisocial behaviour. In addition, cognitive impairments and affective dysregulation are often observed among these individuals. Volatile Substances exert their complex neuropharmacological effects on dopaminergic, glutamatergic, GABAergic and serotoninergic receptor systems, as well as on cell membranes and ion channels. Concomitantly, pharmacotherapies for Volatile Substance abuse might profitably target a number of mechanisms, including reward circuitry in the brain, symptoms of craving and withdrawal, neuropsychiatric and emotional impairments that promote Volatile Substance abuse, and cognitive enhancement to rectify deficits in executive function. This review details the modes of use, subjective effects, epidemiology, adverse consequences, neuropsychopharmacology and drug treatment of Volatile Substance misuse, and discusses the potential role of novel forms of pharmacological intervention for this oft-overlooked public health threat of epidemic proportions.
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Volatile Substance misuse clinical considerations neuropsychopharmacology and potential role of pharmacotherapy in management
CNS Drugs, 2012Co-Authors: Eric L. Garland, Matthew O. HowardAbstract:Volatile Substance misuse is among the most prevalent and toxic forms of psychoactive drug use, and often results in highly deleterious social, psychological and medical consequences. The prevalence of this pernicious form of Substance misuse owes in part to the fact that Volatile Substances of misuse are ubiquitous in the natural environment. Commonly misused commercial products include glue, shoe polish, nail polish remover, butane lighter fluid, gasoline and computer duster spray. National samples of Volatile Substance misusers tend to exhibit high rates of psychiatric problems and antisocial behaviour. In addition, cognitive impairments and affective dysregulation are often observed among these individuals. Volatile Substances exert their complex neuropharmacological effects on dopaminergic, glutamatergic, GABAergic and serotoninergic receptor systems, as well as on cell membranes and ion channels. Concomitantly, pharmacotherapies for Volatile Substance abuse might profitably target a number of mechanisms, including reward circuitry in the brain, symptoms of craving and withdrawal, neuropsychiatric and emotional impairments that promote Volatile Substance abuse, and cognitive enhancement to rectify deficits in executive function. This review details the modes of use, subjective effects, epidemiology, adverse consequences, neuropsychopharmacology and drug treatment of Volatile Substance misuse, and discusses the potential role of novel forms of pharmacological intervention for this oft-overlooked public health threat of epidemic proportions.
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Volatile Substance misuse in the united states
Substance Use & Misuse, 2011Co-Authors: Eric L. Garland, Matthew O. Howard, Michael G Vaughn, Brian E PerronAbstract:Volatile Substance misuse (VSM) is prevalent in the United States and associated with manifold deleterious outcomes. This review summarizes research on: (1) the prevalence of VSM in the United States and its trends since 1975, (2) population subgroups at an elevated risk for VSM, (3) key correlates of VSM, (4) psychosocial consequences of VSM, including emerging public health threats, and (5) etiological and contextual considerations of VSM use. Implications for future research and practice with Volatile Substance misusers in the United States are identified.
Henry A. Spiller - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Epidemiology of Volatile Substance Abuse (VSA) Cases Reported to US Poison Centers
American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 2004Co-Authors: Henry A. SpillerAbstract:Volatile Substance abuse (VSA) is believed to be widespread. The Toxic Exposure Surveillance System (TESS) of the American Association of Poison Control Systems offers an opportunity to evaluate the epidemiology of Volatile Substance abuse using a data set that captures data from a large geographic area covering a wide-ranging group of socioeconomic strata, ethnic groups, and demographics. To utilize this potential we analyzed a data set of TESS for the 6-year period of 1996 through 2001 involving all cases of intentional inhalational abuse of nonpharmaceutical Substances. Over the study period there was a mean annual decline of 9% of reported VSA with an overall decline of 37% from 1996 to 2001. Volatile Substance abuse was reported primarily in children, with 6358 cases (54%) in children 13-19 yr and 1803 (15%) cases in children 6-12 yr. Fifty-two cases were reported in children ≤ 5 yr. A total of 2330 (20%) VSA cases had a serious outcome, defined as either moderate effect (n = 2000), major effect (n = 267), or death (n = 63). The top five categories of Substances abused were gasoline (41%), paint (13%), propane/butane (6%), air fresheners (6%), and formalin (5%). Three categories were responsible for the majority of deaths: gasoline (45%), air fresheners (26%), and propane/butane (11%). While there was a decline in reported cases, there was no decline in major outcomes or fatalities. Volatile Substance abuse was reported in all 50 states, with case distribution similar to population distribution. However, seven states had > 2 times the expected rate based on their population; three western states, two midwestern states, and two Appalachian states. The role of urban vs. rural population may possibly explain the difference in numbers, with a greater incidence of VSA cases reported in states with large rural populations. The mean monthly occurrence rate was 162 VSA cases/month (S.D. ± 10.85). There were 4 months that were > 2 standard deviations from the mean, with two peak months (May, 192/month and March, 187/month) and two trough months (December, 126/month and January, 137/month). This report presents a broad picture of VSA in the United States. Volatile Substance abuse, as reported to U.S. poison centers, appears to be on the decline, but continues to be an ongoing problem. Volatile Substance abuse is reported throughout the U.S. in all areas of the country, with a higher incidence in states with large rural populations. A small group of Substances appears responsible for the majority of deaths. It is imperative that we continue to educate the public and healthcare professionals regarding the risks of VSA and hopefully impact the incidence of VSA.
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epidemiology of Volatile Substance abuse vsa cases reported to us poison centers
American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 2004Co-Authors: Henry A. SpillerAbstract:Volatile Substance abuse (VSA) is believed to be widespread. The Toxic Exposure Surveillance System (TESS) of the American Association of Poison Control Systems offers an opportunity to evaluate the epidemiology of Volatile Substance abuse using a data set that captures data from a large geographic area covering a wide‐ranging group of socioeconomic strata, ethnic groups, and demographics. To utilize this potential we analyzed a data set of TESS for the 6‐year period of 1996 through 2001 involving all cases of intentional inhalational abuse of nonpharmaceutical Substances. Over the study period there was a mean annual decline of 9% of reported VSA with an overall decline of 37% from 1996 to 2001. Volatile Substance abuse was reported primarily in children, with 6358 cases (54%) in children 13–19 yr and 1803 (15%) cases in children 6–12 yr. Fifty‐two cases were reported in children ≤ 5 yr. A total of 2330 (20%) VSA cases had a serious outcome, defined as either moderate effect (n = 2000), major effect (n =...
Aneez Esmail - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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deaths from Volatile Substance abuse in those under 18 years results from a national epidemiological study
Archives of Disease in Childhood, 1993Co-Authors: Aneez Esmail, L Meyer, A Pottier, S WrightAbstract:The epidemiology of deaths from Volatile Substance abuse (VSA) in those under 18 years that occurred in the UK from 1981-90 is described. The analysis of deaths is based on a national register, which has information obtained from a regular survey of coroners, the Office of Population Censuses and Surveys, and a press clippings agency. Altogether 605 people under 18 died from VSA during this period. Seventy per cent of deaths occurred between the ages of 14 and 16. The largest number of deaths were attributed to butane gas lighter refills. There was a large north-south gradient in age specific mortality ratios (Scotland 180, south east England 87) and nearly four times as many deaths occurred in social class V compared with social class I. Deaths from VSA are an important and preventable cause of deaths in those under 18. Strategies aimed at prevention should include measures to reduce experimentation, intervention to reduce socioeconomic deprivation, and health education campaigns aimed at schools and parents.
