The Experts below are selected from a list of 51 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
James J. Leahy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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solid phase adsorption method for Tar sampling how post sampling treatment affects Tar yields and Volatile Tar compounds
Fuel, 2021Co-Authors: Alen Horvat, Marzena Kwapinska, Nicolas Abdel Karim Aramouni, James J. LeahyAbstract:Abstract The Solid Phase Adsorption (SPA) methodology is the method of choice for sampling Tar from biomass gasifiers and pyrolysers. Reliable and robust Tar measurement techniques are essential for having an efficient implementation of these thermochemical processes. This paper critically evaluates the SPA Tar sampling method from the following perspectives: (i) the efficiency of Tar extraction from the aminopropyl silica sorbent; (ii) the effect of transport and storage period on Tar adsorbed on the SPA sorbents; (iii) off-line SPA vs. the on-line µGC method for quantitative determination of benzene and toluene. The present study showed that the Tar extraction efficiency for aminopropyl silica sorbent SPA cartridges was typically 95% or higher. The 30% of Tar was lost from these sorbent materials during the airfreight and 21.9% during 5 days of ambient storage, respectively. When two sorbents were employed into the SPA sampling device, the loss was reduced to 15%. The loss of SPA detectable Tar was 16.4% when aminopropyl silica sorbents were stored in a freezer for 5 days prior to analysis. A significant portion of light Tar compounds (benzene and toluene) was lost from the aminopropyl silica sorbent during the airfreight, while, under either ambient or frozen storage, these compounds were preserved relatively well. The best performance using the SPA method was achieved when Tar was extracted from the sorbent immediately on-site. The study also demonstrated the superiority of on-line µGC measurement over the off-line SPA method for quantitative determination of light Tar compounds. Light Tar sampling efficiency, such as for benzene and toluene, was improved by introducing the second activated charcoal sorbent. Benzene yields measured by on-line µGC were up to 10.4 times higher than those extracted from the SPA aminopropyl silica sorbent solely, and, even when two sorbents were employed, they were up to 3.4 times higher. Regarding toluene yields, these values were 2.6 and 1.7 times higher.
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Solid phase adsorption method for Tar sampling – How post sampling treatment affects Tar yields and Volatile Tar compounds?
Fuel, 2021Co-Authors: Alen Horvat, Marzena Kwapinska, Nicolas Abdel Karim Aramouni, James J. LeahyAbstract:Abstract The Solid Phase Adsorption (SPA) methodology is the method of choice for sampling Tar from biomass gasifiers and pyrolysers. Reliable and robust Tar measurement techniques are essential for having an efficient implementation of these thermochemical processes. This paper critically evaluates the SPA Tar sampling method from the following perspectives: (i) the efficiency of Tar extraction from the aminopropyl silica sorbent; (ii) the effect of transport and storage period on Tar adsorbed on the SPA sorbents; (iii) off-line SPA vs. the on-line µGC method for quantitative determination of benzene and toluene. The present study showed that the Tar extraction efficiency for aminopropyl silica sorbent SPA cartridges was typically 95% or higher. The 30% of Tar was lost from these sorbent materials during the airfreight and 21.9% during 5 days of ambient storage, respectively. When two sorbents were employed into the SPA sampling device, the loss was reduced to 15%. The loss of SPA detectable Tar was 16.4% when aminopropyl silica sorbents were stored in a freezer for 5 days prior to analysis. A significant portion of light Tar compounds (benzene and toluene) was lost from the aminopropyl silica sorbent during the airfreight, while, under either ambient or frozen storage, these compounds were preserved relatively well. The best performance using the SPA method was achieved when Tar was extracted from the sorbent immediately on-site. The study also demonstrated the superiority of on-line µGC measurement over the off-line SPA method for quantitative determination of light Tar compounds. Light Tar sampling efficiency, such as for benzene and toluene, was improved by introducing the second activated charcoal sorbent. Benzene yields measured by on-line µGC were up to 10.4 times higher than those extracted from the SPA aminopropyl silica sorbent solely, and, even when two sorbents were employed, they were up to 3.4 times higher. Regarding toluene yields, these values were 2.6 and 1.7 times higher.
Mohammad R. Hajaligol - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of pyrolysis conditions on the formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons pahs from polyphenolic compounds
Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 2003Co-Authors: Ramesh K. Sharma, Mohammad R. HajaligolAbstract:Abstract Effect of pyrolysis conditions, such as temperature and substrate composition, i.e. inorganics, on the formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from polyphenolic compounds, chlorogenic acid (CA) and lignin, was studied under inert atmosphere. Two routes for the PAH formation were investigated: primary Volatile Tar and the solid residue, i.e. char. The reactor consisted of a quartz tube with two zones. Zone 1 was used to first pyrolyze the substrate at 250–400 °C to produce a low temperature Tar (LTT) and then to pyrolyze the char at 625 °C to produce a high temperature Tar (HTT), The LTT and HTT were then passed through zone 2 maintained at temperatures between 700 and 920 °C. Yields of most PAHs increased with temperature, except in a few cases where the yields of two- and three-ring PAHs exhibited a maximum at 870 °C. The maximum may be due to the growth of these PAHs into heavier PAHs. The partial removal of sodium and potassium from lignin decreased the formation of char and PAHs, co-pyrolysis of CA and lignin also altered the PAH distribution. Preliminary analysis of the data from CA gave high activation energies for the PAH formation, with activation energy generally increasing with the PAH size.
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An experimental investigation into the formation of polycyclic-aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) from pyrolysis of biomass materials
Fuel, 2001Co-Authors: Thomas E. Mcgrath, Ramesh K. Sharma, Mohammad R. HajaligolAbstract:The formation of polycyclic-aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) from the pyrolysis of cellulose, pectin, and chlorogenic acid was studied. The primary product, mostly primary Volatile Tar, was exposed to a higher thermal severity, i.e. high temperatures and long residence times. The reactor setup consisted of a quartz tube with two zones, zone I and II, each heated and controlled separately. Zone I was used to first pyrolyze the substrate at 300°C to produce a low temperature Tar (LTT) as well as to pyrolyze the product char at 600°C to produce a high temperature Tar (HTT). The LTT and HTT were then subjected to a high thermal severity in the second zone (zone II) where the temperature was varied between 700 and 850°C. The residence time of the Volatiles in zone II was varied between ca. 90 and 1400 ms (calculated at 800°C). The results showed that the yield of most PAHs increased with temperature, except in a few cases where the yield of two- and three-ring PAHs exhibited a maximum. PAHs yields also generally increased as the residence time was increased from 90 to 1400 ms at 800°C.
Nicolas Abdel Karim Aramouni - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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solid phase adsorption method for Tar sampling how post sampling treatment affects Tar yields and Volatile Tar compounds
Fuel, 2021Co-Authors: Alen Horvat, Marzena Kwapinska, Nicolas Abdel Karim Aramouni, James J. LeahyAbstract:Abstract The Solid Phase Adsorption (SPA) methodology is the method of choice for sampling Tar from biomass gasifiers and pyrolysers. Reliable and robust Tar measurement techniques are essential for having an efficient implementation of these thermochemical processes. This paper critically evaluates the SPA Tar sampling method from the following perspectives: (i) the efficiency of Tar extraction from the aminopropyl silica sorbent; (ii) the effect of transport and storage period on Tar adsorbed on the SPA sorbents; (iii) off-line SPA vs. the on-line µGC method for quantitative determination of benzene and toluene. The present study showed that the Tar extraction efficiency for aminopropyl silica sorbent SPA cartridges was typically 95% or higher. The 30% of Tar was lost from these sorbent materials during the airfreight and 21.9% during 5 days of ambient storage, respectively. When two sorbents were employed into the SPA sampling device, the loss was reduced to 15%. The loss of SPA detectable Tar was 16.4% when aminopropyl silica sorbents were stored in a freezer for 5 days prior to analysis. A significant portion of light Tar compounds (benzene and toluene) was lost from the aminopropyl silica sorbent during the airfreight, while, under either ambient or frozen storage, these compounds were preserved relatively well. The best performance using the SPA method was achieved when Tar was extracted from the sorbent immediately on-site. The study also demonstrated the superiority of on-line µGC measurement over the off-line SPA method for quantitative determination of light Tar compounds. Light Tar sampling efficiency, such as for benzene and toluene, was improved by introducing the second activated charcoal sorbent. Benzene yields measured by on-line µGC were up to 10.4 times higher than those extracted from the SPA aminopropyl silica sorbent solely, and, even when two sorbents were employed, they were up to 3.4 times higher. Regarding toluene yields, these values were 2.6 and 1.7 times higher.
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Solid phase adsorption method for Tar sampling – How post sampling treatment affects Tar yields and Volatile Tar compounds?
Fuel, 2021Co-Authors: Alen Horvat, Marzena Kwapinska, Nicolas Abdel Karim Aramouni, James J. LeahyAbstract:Abstract The Solid Phase Adsorption (SPA) methodology is the method of choice for sampling Tar from biomass gasifiers and pyrolysers. Reliable and robust Tar measurement techniques are essential for having an efficient implementation of these thermochemical processes. This paper critically evaluates the SPA Tar sampling method from the following perspectives: (i) the efficiency of Tar extraction from the aminopropyl silica sorbent; (ii) the effect of transport and storage period on Tar adsorbed on the SPA sorbents; (iii) off-line SPA vs. the on-line µGC method for quantitative determination of benzene and toluene. The present study showed that the Tar extraction efficiency for aminopropyl silica sorbent SPA cartridges was typically 95% or higher. The 30% of Tar was lost from these sorbent materials during the airfreight and 21.9% during 5 days of ambient storage, respectively. When two sorbents were employed into the SPA sampling device, the loss was reduced to 15%. The loss of SPA detectable Tar was 16.4% when aminopropyl silica sorbents were stored in a freezer for 5 days prior to analysis. A significant portion of light Tar compounds (benzene and toluene) was lost from the aminopropyl silica sorbent during the airfreight, while, under either ambient or frozen storage, these compounds were preserved relatively well. The best performance using the SPA method was achieved when Tar was extracted from the sorbent immediately on-site. The study also demonstrated the superiority of on-line µGC measurement over the off-line SPA method for quantitative determination of light Tar compounds. Light Tar sampling efficiency, such as for benzene and toluene, was improved by introducing the second activated charcoal sorbent. Benzene yields measured by on-line µGC were up to 10.4 times higher than those extracted from the SPA aminopropyl silica sorbent solely, and, even when two sorbents were employed, they were up to 3.4 times higher. Regarding toluene yields, these values were 2.6 and 1.7 times higher.
Alen Horvat - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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solid phase adsorption method for Tar sampling how post sampling treatment affects Tar yields and Volatile Tar compounds
Fuel, 2021Co-Authors: Alen Horvat, Marzena Kwapinska, Nicolas Abdel Karim Aramouni, James J. LeahyAbstract:Abstract The Solid Phase Adsorption (SPA) methodology is the method of choice for sampling Tar from biomass gasifiers and pyrolysers. Reliable and robust Tar measurement techniques are essential for having an efficient implementation of these thermochemical processes. This paper critically evaluates the SPA Tar sampling method from the following perspectives: (i) the efficiency of Tar extraction from the aminopropyl silica sorbent; (ii) the effect of transport and storage period on Tar adsorbed on the SPA sorbents; (iii) off-line SPA vs. the on-line µGC method for quantitative determination of benzene and toluene. The present study showed that the Tar extraction efficiency for aminopropyl silica sorbent SPA cartridges was typically 95% or higher. The 30% of Tar was lost from these sorbent materials during the airfreight and 21.9% during 5 days of ambient storage, respectively. When two sorbents were employed into the SPA sampling device, the loss was reduced to 15%. The loss of SPA detectable Tar was 16.4% when aminopropyl silica sorbents were stored in a freezer for 5 days prior to analysis. A significant portion of light Tar compounds (benzene and toluene) was lost from the aminopropyl silica sorbent during the airfreight, while, under either ambient or frozen storage, these compounds were preserved relatively well. The best performance using the SPA method was achieved when Tar was extracted from the sorbent immediately on-site. The study also demonstrated the superiority of on-line µGC measurement over the off-line SPA method for quantitative determination of light Tar compounds. Light Tar sampling efficiency, such as for benzene and toluene, was improved by introducing the second activated charcoal sorbent. Benzene yields measured by on-line µGC were up to 10.4 times higher than those extracted from the SPA aminopropyl silica sorbent solely, and, even when two sorbents were employed, they were up to 3.4 times higher. Regarding toluene yields, these values were 2.6 and 1.7 times higher.
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Solid phase adsorption method for Tar sampling – How post sampling treatment affects Tar yields and Volatile Tar compounds?
Fuel, 2021Co-Authors: Alen Horvat, Marzena Kwapinska, Nicolas Abdel Karim Aramouni, James J. LeahyAbstract:Abstract The Solid Phase Adsorption (SPA) methodology is the method of choice for sampling Tar from biomass gasifiers and pyrolysers. Reliable and robust Tar measurement techniques are essential for having an efficient implementation of these thermochemical processes. This paper critically evaluates the SPA Tar sampling method from the following perspectives: (i) the efficiency of Tar extraction from the aminopropyl silica sorbent; (ii) the effect of transport and storage period on Tar adsorbed on the SPA sorbents; (iii) off-line SPA vs. the on-line µGC method for quantitative determination of benzene and toluene. The present study showed that the Tar extraction efficiency for aminopropyl silica sorbent SPA cartridges was typically 95% or higher. The 30% of Tar was lost from these sorbent materials during the airfreight and 21.9% during 5 days of ambient storage, respectively. When two sorbents were employed into the SPA sampling device, the loss was reduced to 15%. The loss of SPA detectable Tar was 16.4% when aminopropyl silica sorbents were stored in a freezer for 5 days prior to analysis. A significant portion of light Tar compounds (benzene and toluene) was lost from the aminopropyl silica sorbent during the airfreight, while, under either ambient or frozen storage, these compounds were preserved relatively well. The best performance using the SPA method was achieved when Tar was extracted from the sorbent immediately on-site. The study also demonstrated the superiority of on-line µGC measurement over the off-line SPA method for quantitative determination of light Tar compounds. Light Tar sampling efficiency, such as for benzene and toluene, was improved by introducing the second activated charcoal sorbent. Benzene yields measured by on-line µGC were up to 10.4 times higher than those extracted from the SPA aminopropyl silica sorbent solely, and, even when two sorbents were employed, they were up to 3.4 times higher. Regarding toluene yields, these values were 2.6 and 1.7 times higher.
Ilham Mokbel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Liquid–(Liquid)–Vapor Equilibrium of Solvents ( P -Xylene, Methyl Hexadecanoate, and Methyl Oleate), Binary Systems (Water + Solvents), and Ternary Systems (Water + Methyl Hexadecanoate + Model Molecule of Tar) Issued from the Biomass Gasification Pr
Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data, 2020Co-Authors: Georgio Bassil, Maria Aoun, Joseph Saab, Christelle Goutaudier, Jacques Jose, Ilham MokbelAbstract:As the most promising biomass utilization method, biomass gasification is gaining attention as a route for biomass energy production, but the syngas generated from the process contains unacceptable levels of Tar. The syngas in reality leads to a liquid–liquid–vapor equilibrium. This syngas becomes saturated with water steam, solvent, and trace of Volatile Tar. The aim of this work is to study the liquid–(liquid)–vapor equilibrium of extracting solvents (P-xylene, methyl hexadecanoate, and methyl oleate), binary systems (water + solvents), and ternary systems (water + methyl hexadecanoate + model molecule of Tar) and to determine the vapor pressure for those systems from 303.15 to 453.15 K. Vaporization enthalpies of each solvent at 298.15 K are also calculated and compared to the literature. The obtained data were correlated using the nonrandom two-liquid (NRTL) model for the liquid phase combined with the perfect gas equation for the vapor phase.
