The Experts below are selected from a list of 13956 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Annaliese K. Beery - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The role of dopamine signaling in prairie vole peer relationships.
Hormones and behavior, 2020Co-Authors: Nicole S. Lee, Annaliese K. BeeryAbstract:Abstract Dopamine signaling mediates the formation of some types of social relationships, including reproductive pair bonds in the socially monogamous prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster). In addition to these pair bonds with mates, prairie Voles demonstrate selective preferences for familiar same-sex peers. The dependence of peer relationships on dopamine signaling has not been tested, and the mechanisms supporting these relationships may differ from those underlying pair bonds. We examined the effects of pharmacological manipulations of dopamine signaling on peer partner preference and socially conditioned place preference in female prairie Voles. Haloperidol blockade of dopamine receptors at multiple doses did not alter selective preferences for familiar same-sex partners, suggesting that dopamine neurotransmission is not necessary for the formation of prairie vole peer relationships, unlike mate relationships. Dopamine receptor agonist apomorphine facilitated peer partner preferences under conditions normally insufficient for partner preference formation; however, in the absence of effects from blockade, it is difficult to distinguish between a role for dopamine in partner preference formation and the generally rewarding properties of a dopamine agonist. Prairie Voles exhibited socially conditioned place preferences for new but not long-term same-sex peers, and these preferences were not blocked by haloperidol. These results suggest that prairie vole peer relationships are less dependent on dopamine signaling than pair bonds, while still being rewarding. The data support distinct roles of dopamine and motivation in prairie vole peer relationships relative to mate relationships, suggesting that reproductive bonds are mediated differently from non-reproductive ones.
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Social reward plays different roles in mate and peer relationships in prairie Voles
2018Co-Authors: Nicole S. Lee, Sarah A. Lopez, Annaliese K. BeeryAbstract:Abstract of poster PS2.0050 presented July 2018 at International Congress of Neuroendocrinology. Toronto, Canada. Prairie Voles (Microtus ochrogaster) are widely studied for their reproductive pair-bonds, but individuals also demonstrate selective preferences for familiar same-sex peers. The mechanisms underlying pair-bonds in this species may differ from those underlying peer relationships, as reproductive partnerships and parental behaviors are highly motivated. We examined the role of reward and motivation in prairie vole peer relationships compared to prairie vole mate relationships through pharmacological manipulations of dopamine signaling as well as operant conditioning. Blockade of dopamine receptors with haloperidol did not alter selective preferences for familiar same-sex partners, suggesting that dopamine neurotransmission is not necessary for the formation of prairie vole peer relationships, unlike mate relationships. Voles were trained to press a lever to gain access to different types of social stimuli. Female Voles pressed at higher rates to gain access to a mate than to a familiar same-sex peer. Once in the social chamber, females huddled significantly more with familiar mates or peers than with opposite- or same-sex strangers. These data support distinct roles of dopamine and motivation in peer relationships relative to pair-bonds: Although they are necessary to form and maintain pair-bonds, they are not necessary for peer relationships. The fact that a reproductive bond is mediated differently from a non-reproductive one suggests that peer relationships need to be further investigated in addition to pair-bonds to fully elucidate mechanisms of social behavior.
Michael H Ferkin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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odor related behavior and cognition in meadow Voles microtus pennsylvanicus arvicolidae rodentia
Folia Zoologica, 2011Co-Authors: Michael H FerkinAbstract:Abstract. Mammals have the ability to identify particular conspecifics and in doing so use this information to discriminate between them, and respond in a manner that increases their survival and fitness. This narrative focuses on the behavioral challenges that Voles face when they have to make decisions about mate choice, same-sex competition, odor communication, and sperm allocation. The narrative points out the different decisions that Voles may make when they encounter the social information contained in the scent marks and over-marks of different conspecifics. The narrative demonstrates that the choices made by Voles, and their resulting behaviors, may depend on several factors including the vole's own condition, age, and sex and those of nearby same- and opposite-sex conspecifics. The results of these studies are ecologically relevant as they reflect situations and challenges faced by free-living Voles. The range of situations that Voles find themselves and the decisions Voles make when they encount...
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exogenous melatonin administration affects self grooming and conspecific odor preferences in long photoperiod meadow Voles microtus pennsylvanicus
Physiology & Behavior, 2007Co-Authors: Michael H Ferkin, Stuart T Leonard, Jerry P GillessAbstract:For meadow Voles, Microtus pennsylvanicus, seasonal differences exist in self-grooming and in odor preferences for conspecifics, two behaviors which facilitate sexual interactions in this species. Both behaviors are mediated by photoperiodically-induced changes in circulating gonadal steroid hormone titers which, in turn, can be transduced by the duration of the melatonin signal that a seasonally breeding animal receives. The goal of this study was to determine whether exogenous melatonin administration affects circulating gonadal steroid hormone titers in meadow Voles, and whether it influences their odor preferences and self-grooming behavior to same- and opposite-sex conspecifics. Long-photoperiod Voles that did not receive exogenous melatonin had higher testosterone (males) and estradiol (females) titers than did short-photoperiod Voles and long-photoperiod Voles treated with melatonin for 12 weeks; the latter had similar estradiol and testosterone titers. Long-photoperiod Voles that did not receive melatonin preferred the scent marks of long-photoperiod opposite-sex conspecifics and spent more time self-grooming in response to their odors than those of either long-photoperiod same-sex, short-photoperiod same-sex, or short-photoperiod opposite-sex conspecifics. Long-photoperiod Voles that received melatonin, however, no longer preferred the marks of long-photoperiod opposite-sex conspecifics and no longer spent more time self-grooming in response to their odors, not unlike the odor preferences and self-grooming behavior of short-photoperiod Voles. As a whole, the data suggest that the duration of the melatonin signal is likely involved in mediating the photoperiodically-induced changes in gonadal steroid hormones that mediate a meadow vole's odor preferences for opposite-sex conspecifics and its self-grooming response to those marks.
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Roles of Gonadal Hormones in Control of Five Sexually Attractive Odors of Meadow Voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus)
Hormones and Behavior, 1993Co-Authors: Michael H Ferkin, Robert E. JohnstonAbstract:Abstract The role of gonadal hormones in the production of five odors that are attractive to the opposite sex was investigated in meadow Voles, Microtus pennsylvanicus . Preferences of intact male and female Voles for the scents of same-versus opposite-sex conspecifics were examined. The attractiveness of opposite-sex scents from feces, mouth, and the posterolateral region was eliminated by gonadectomy of scent donors and was restored by replacement with testosterone in male donors and estradiol-17β in female donors. The attractiveness of the scents of urine and the anogenital area was reduced by gonadectomy of scent donors, but was not eliminated. This suggests that the sexually attractive components of urine and the anogenital area do not depend solely on gonadal hormones. The present data suggest that (1) gonadal hormones have an important role in production of sexually attractive components of all scents that we found to be sexually distinctive, but (2) the sexually attractive components of some scents are in addition influenced by other factors, possibly other hormones. Nongonadal influences on these scents may provide sexually distinctive information outside the breeding season when endogenous gonadal hormone concentrations are low.
Zhaolong Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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fermi surfaces and analytic green s functions from conformal gravity
Journal of High Energy Physics, 2013Co-Authors: Haishan Liu, Zhaolong WangAbstract:We construct T 2-symmetric charged AdS black holes in conformal gravity. The most general solution up to an overall conformal factor contains three non-trivial parameters: the mass, electric charge and a quantity that can be identified as the massive spin-2 hair. We study the Dirac equation for the charged massless spinor in this background. The equation can be solved in terms of the general Heun’s function for generic frequency ω and wave number k. This allows us to obtain the analytic Green’s function G(ω, k) for both extremal and non-extremal black holes. For some special choice of back hole parameters, we find that the Green’s function reduces to simpler hypergeometric or confluent hypergeometric functions. We study the Fermi surfaces associated with the poles of the Green’s function with vanishing ω. We find examples where the Fermi surfaces for non-Fermi liquids as well as the characteristic Fermi ones can arise. We illustrate the non-trivial differences in the Green’s function and Fermi surfaces between the extremal and non-extremal black holes.
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fermi surfaces and analytic green s functions from conformal gravity
arXiv: High Energy Physics - Theory, 2012Co-Authors: Haishan Liu, Zhaolong WangAbstract:We construct T^2-symmetric charged AdS black holes in conformal gravity. The most general solution up to an overall conformal factor contains three non-trivial parameters: the mass, electric charge and a quantity that can be identified as the massive spin-2 hair. We study the Dirac equation for the charged massless spinor in this background. The equation can be solved in terms of the general Heun's function for generic frequency \omega and wave number k. This allows us to obtain the analytic Green's function G(\omega, k) for both extremal and non-extremal black holes. For some special choice of back hole parameters, we find that the Green's function reduces to simpler hypergeometric or confluent hypergeometric functions. We study the Fermi surfaces associated with the poles of the Green's function with vanishing \omega. We find examples where the Fermi surfaces for non-Fermi liquids as well as the characteristic Fermi ones can arise. We illustrate the non-trivial differences in the Green's function and Fermi surfaces between the extremal and non-extremal black holes.
Nicole S. Lee - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The role of dopamine signaling in prairie vole peer relationships.
Hormones and behavior, 2020Co-Authors: Nicole S. Lee, Annaliese K. BeeryAbstract:Abstract Dopamine signaling mediates the formation of some types of social relationships, including reproductive pair bonds in the socially monogamous prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster). In addition to these pair bonds with mates, prairie Voles demonstrate selective preferences for familiar same-sex peers. The dependence of peer relationships on dopamine signaling has not been tested, and the mechanisms supporting these relationships may differ from those underlying pair bonds. We examined the effects of pharmacological manipulations of dopamine signaling on peer partner preference and socially conditioned place preference in female prairie Voles. Haloperidol blockade of dopamine receptors at multiple doses did not alter selective preferences for familiar same-sex partners, suggesting that dopamine neurotransmission is not necessary for the formation of prairie vole peer relationships, unlike mate relationships. Dopamine receptor agonist apomorphine facilitated peer partner preferences under conditions normally insufficient for partner preference formation; however, in the absence of effects from blockade, it is difficult to distinguish between a role for dopamine in partner preference formation and the generally rewarding properties of a dopamine agonist. Prairie Voles exhibited socially conditioned place preferences for new but not long-term same-sex peers, and these preferences were not blocked by haloperidol. These results suggest that prairie vole peer relationships are less dependent on dopamine signaling than pair bonds, while still being rewarding. The data support distinct roles of dopamine and motivation in prairie vole peer relationships relative to mate relationships, suggesting that reproductive bonds are mediated differently from non-reproductive ones.
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Social reward plays different roles in mate and peer relationships in prairie Voles
2018Co-Authors: Nicole S. Lee, Sarah A. Lopez, Annaliese K. BeeryAbstract:Abstract of poster PS2.0050 presented July 2018 at International Congress of Neuroendocrinology. Toronto, Canada. Prairie Voles (Microtus ochrogaster) are widely studied for their reproductive pair-bonds, but individuals also demonstrate selective preferences for familiar same-sex peers. The mechanisms underlying pair-bonds in this species may differ from those underlying peer relationships, as reproductive partnerships and parental behaviors are highly motivated. We examined the role of reward and motivation in prairie vole peer relationships compared to prairie vole mate relationships through pharmacological manipulations of dopamine signaling as well as operant conditioning. Blockade of dopamine receptors with haloperidol did not alter selective preferences for familiar same-sex partners, suggesting that dopamine neurotransmission is not necessary for the formation of prairie vole peer relationships, unlike mate relationships. Voles were trained to press a lever to gain access to different types of social stimuli. Female Voles pressed at higher rates to gain access to a mate than to a familiar same-sex peer. Once in the social chamber, females huddled significantly more with familiar mates or peers than with opposite- or same-sex strangers. These data support distinct roles of dopamine and motivation in peer relationships relative to pair-bonds: Although they are necessary to form and maintain pair-bonds, they are not necessary for peer relationships. The fact that a reproductive bond is mediated differently from a non-reproductive one suggests that peer relationships need to be further investigated in addition to pair-bonds to fully elucidate mechanisms of social behavior.
Don W Cleveland - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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aurora kinases and protein phosphatase 1 mediate chromosome congression through regulation of cenp e
Cell, 2010Co-Authors: Andrew J Holland, Don W ClevelandAbstract:SUMMARY Opposing roles of Aurora kinases and protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) during mitosis have long been suggested. Here, we demonstrate that Aurora kinases A and B phosphorylate a conserved residue on the kinetochore motor CENP-E. PP1 binds CENP-E via a motif overlapping this phosphorylation site and binding is disrupted by Aurora phosphorylation. Phosphorylation of CENP-E by the Auroras is enriched at spindle poles, disrupting binding of PP1 and reducing CENP-E’s affinity for individual microtubules. This phosphorylation is required for CENPE-mediated towing of initially polar chromosomes toward the cell center. Kinetochores on such chromosomes cannot make subsequent stable attachment to spindle microtubules when dephosphorylation of CENP-E or rebinding of PP1 to CENP-E is blocked. Thus, an Aurora/PP1 phosphorylation switch modulates CENP-E motor activity as an essential feature of chromosome congression from poles and localized PP1 delivery by CENP-E to the outer kinetochore is necessary for stable microtubule capture by those chromosomes.
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aurora kinases and protein phosphatase 1 mediate chromosome congression through regulation of cenp e
Cell, 2010Co-Authors: Yumi Kim, Don W Cleveland, Andrew J Holland, Weijie LanAbstract:SUMMARY Opposing roles of Aurora kinases and protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) during mitosis have long been suggested. Here, we demonstrate that Aurora kinases A and B phosphorylate a conserved residue on the kinetochore motor CENP-E. PP1 binds CENP-E via a motif overlapping this phosphorylation site and binding is disrupted by Aurora phosphorylation. Phosphorylation of CENP-E by the Auroras is enriched at spindle poles, disrupting binding of PP1 and reducing CENP-E’s affinity for individual microtubules. This phosphorylation is required for CENPE-mediated towing of initially polar chromosomes toward the cell center. Kinetochores on such chromosomes cannot make subsequent stable attachment to spindle microtubules when dephosphorylation of CENP-E or rebinding of PP1 to CENP-E is blocked. Thus, an Aurora/PP1 phosphorylation switch modulates CENP-E motor activity as an essential feature of chromosome congression from poles and localized PP1 delivery by CENP-E to the outer kinetochore is necessary for stable microtubule capture by those chromosomes.
