The Experts below are selected from a list of 39 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Kyle Hunter - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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material compatibility evaluation for elastomers plastics and metals exposed to ethanol and butanol blends
Fuel, 2016Co-Authors: Thomas D. Durbin, Chan Sueng Park, Junior Castillo, Kurt Bumiller, Joseph M. Norbeck, Youngwoo Rheem, Jiacheng Yang, Georgios Karavalakis, Kyle HunterAbstract:Abstract As the use of alternative fuels increases in the marketplace, it is important to understand how these new fuels might impact the network of transportation, storage, and distribution systems used for transportation fuels. This study examined materials compatibility issues for components that would be found in the existing petroleum fueling infrastructure. E10 blends with both aggressive and non-aggressive formulations, a 55% butanol blend with an aggressive formulation were employed on metal, plastic, and elastomer samples. The material specimens were evaluated before and after exposure for Volume and mass change, and elastomers and plastics were tested for tensile strength. The elastomers and plastics generally increased in Volume and mass immediately following the exposures, indicating the adsorption of the liquid fuels into the elastomer and plastic material. Following drying, the most elastomers shrank to Volume/mass values below that of the original sample, indicating that the liquid fuel and some of the associated elastomer components were removed from the sample, while plastics retained some of this Volume Swell/mass gain after drying, indicating that the liquid fuel was retained in the plastic structure. Metal samples were the least affected by the liquid fuel exposures, with all samples showing a minimal increase or decrease in Volume of 6% or less and negligible change in mass. Most elastomers and plastics showed a reduction in tensile strength and elongation after the fuel exposures.
Thomas D. Durbin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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material compatibility evaluation for elastomers plastics and metals exposed to ethanol and butanol blends
Fuel, 2016Co-Authors: Thomas D. Durbin, Chan Sueng Park, Junior Castillo, Kurt Bumiller, Joseph M. Norbeck, Youngwoo Rheem, Jiacheng Yang, Georgios Karavalakis, Kyle HunterAbstract:Abstract As the use of alternative fuels increases in the marketplace, it is important to understand how these new fuels might impact the network of transportation, storage, and distribution systems used for transportation fuels. This study examined materials compatibility issues for components that would be found in the existing petroleum fueling infrastructure. E10 blends with both aggressive and non-aggressive formulations, a 55% butanol blend with an aggressive formulation were employed on metal, plastic, and elastomer samples. The material specimens were evaluated before and after exposure for Volume and mass change, and elastomers and plastics were tested for tensile strength. The elastomers and plastics generally increased in Volume and mass immediately following the exposures, indicating the adsorption of the liquid fuels into the elastomer and plastic material. Following drying, the most elastomers shrank to Volume/mass values below that of the original sample, indicating that the liquid fuel and some of the associated elastomer components were removed from the sample, while plastics retained some of this Volume Swell/mass gain after drying, indicating that the liquid fuel was retained in the plastic structure. Metal samples were the least affected by the liquid fuel exposures, with all samples showing a minimal increase or decrease in Volume of 6% or less and negligible change in mass. Most elastomers and plastics showed a reduction in tensile strength and elongation after the fuel exposures.
John L Graham - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a machine learning framework for drop in Volume Swell characteristics of sustainable aviation fuel
Fuel, 2020Co-Authors: Shane T Kosir, Joshua S Heyne, John L GrahamAbstract:Abstract A machine learning framework has been developed to predict Volume Swell for 10 non-metallic materials submerged in neat compounds. The non-metallic materials included nitrile rubber, extracted nitrile rubber, fluorosilicone, low temp fluorocarbon, lightweight polysulfide, polythioether, epoxy (0.2 mm), epoxy (0.04 mm), nylon, and Kapton. Volume Swell, a material compatibility concern, serves as a significant impediment for the minimization of the greenhouse gas emissions of aviation. Sustainable aviation fuels, the only near and mid-term solution to mitigating greenhouse gas emissions, are limited to low blend limits with conventional fuel due to material compatibility issues (i.e. O-ring Swell). A neural network was trained to predict Volume Swell for non-metallic materials submerged in neat compounds. Subsequent blend optimization incorporated nitrile rubber Volume Swell predictions for iso- and cycloalkanes to create a high-performance jet fuel within ‘drop-in’ limits. The results of this study are Volume Swell predictions for 3 of the 10 materials -nitrile rubber, extracted nitrile rubber, and polythioether- with holdout errors of 12.4% or better relative to mean Volume Swell values. Optimization considering nitrile rubber Volume Swell achieved median specific energy [MJ/kg] and energy density [MJ/L] increases of 1.9% and 5.1% relative to conventional jet fuel and an average Volume Swell of 6.2% v/v which is within the range of conventional fuels. Optimized solutions were heavily biased toward monocycloalkanes, indicating that they are a suitable replacement for aromatics. This study concludes that cycloalkanes can replace aromatics in jet fuel considering Volume Swell and other operability requirements while significantly reducing soot and particulate matter emissions.
Michael D Kass - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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solubility and Volume Swell of fuel system elastomers with ketone blends of e10 gasoline and blendstock for oxygenate blending bob
Journal of Elastomers and Plastics, 2020Co-Authors: Michael D Kass, Christopher J Janke, Maggie Connatser, Brian H WestAbstract:The compatibility of key infrastructure elastomers with five ketone molecules was assessed via solubility studies and Volume Swell measurements. The elastomer materials included two fluorocarbons, ...
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compatibility study for plastic elastomeric and metallic fueling infrastructure materials exposed to aggressive formulations of isobutanol blended gasoline
2013Co-Authors: Michael D Kass, Christopher J Janke, Steven J Pawel, Jeffery K Thomson, Harry M Meyer, Timothy J TheissAbstract:In 2008 Oak Ridge National Laboratory began a series of experiments to evaluate the compatibility of fueling infrastructure materials with intermediate levels of ethanol-blended gasoline. Initially, the focus was elastomers, metals, and sealants, and the test fuels were Fuel C, CE10a, CE17a and CE25a. The results of these studies were published in 2010. Follow-on studies were performed with an emphasis on plastic (thermoplastic and thermoset) materials used in underground storage and dispenser systems. These materials were exposed to test fuels of Fuel C and CE25a. Upon completion of this effort, it was felt that additional compatibility data with higher ethanol blends was needed and another round of experimentation was performed on elastomers, metals, and plastics with CE50a and CE85a test fuels. Compatibility of polymers typically relates to the solubility of the solid polymer with a solvent. It can also mean susceptibility to chemical attack, but the polymers and test fuels evaluated in this study are not considered to be chemically reactive with each other. Solubility in polymers is typically assessed by measuring the Volume Swell of the polymer exposed to the solvent of interest. Elastomers are a class of polymers that are predominantly used as seals, and most o-ring and more » seal manufacturers provide compatibility tables of their products with various solvents including ethanol, toluene, and isooctane, which are components of aggressive oxygenated gasoline as described by the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) J1681. These tables include a ranking based on the level of Volume Swell in the elastomer associated with exposure to a particular solvent. Swell is usually accompanied by a decrease in hardness (softening) that also affects performance. For seal applications, shrinkage of the elastomer upon drying is also a critical parameter since a contraction of Volume can conceivably enable leakage to occur. Shrinkage is also indicative of the removal of one or more components of the elastomers (by the solvent). This extraction of additives can negatively change the properties of the elastomer, leading to reduced performance and durability. For a seal application, some level of Volume Swell is acceptable, since the expansion will serve to maintain a seal. However, the acceptable level of Swell is dependent on the particular application of the elastomer product. It is known that excessive Swell can lead to unacceptable extrusion of the elastomer beyond the sealed interface, where it becomes susceptible to damage. Also, since high Swell is indicative of high solubility, there is a heightened potential for fluid to seep through the seal and into the environment. Plastics, on the other hand, are used primarily in structural applications, such as solid components, including piping and fluid containment. Volume change, especially in a rigid system, will create internal stresses that may negatively affect performance. In order to better understand and predict the compatibility for a given polymer type and fuel composition, an analysis based on Hansen solubility theory was performed for each plastic and elastomer material. From this study, the solubility distance was calculated for each polymer material and test fuel combination. Using the calculated solubility distance, the ethanol concentration associated with peak Swell and overall extent of Swell can be predicted for each polymer. The bulk of the material discussion centers on the plastic materials, and their compatibility with Fuel C, CE25a, CE50a, and CE85a. The next section of this paper focuses on the elastomer compatibility with the higher ethanol concentrations with comparison to results obtained previously for the lower ethanol levels. The elastomers were identical to those used in the earlier study. Hansen solubility theory is also applied to the elastomers to provide added interpretation of the results. The final section summarizes the performance of the metal coupons. « less
Chan Sueng Park - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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material compatibility evaluation for elastomers plastics and metals exposed to ethanol and butanol blends
Fuel, 2016Co-Authors: Thomas D. Durbin, Chan Sueng Park, Junior Castillo, Kurt Bumiller, Joseph M. Norbeck, Youngwoo Rheem, Jiacheng Yang, Georgios Karavalakis, Kyle HunterAbstract:Abstract As the use of alternative fuels increases in the marketplace, it is important to understand how these new fuels might impact the network of transportation, storage, and distribution systems used for transportation fuels. This study examined materials compatibility issues for components that would be found in the existing petroleum fueling infrastructure. E10 blends with both aggressive and non-aggressive formulations, a 55% butanol blend with an aggressive formulation were employed on metal, plastic, and elastomer samples. The material specimens were evaluated before and after exposure for Volume and mass change, and elastomers and plastics were tested for tensile strength. The elastomers and plastics generally increased in Volume and mass immediately following the exposures, indicating the adsorption of the liquid fuels into the elastomer and plastic material. Following drying, the most elastomers shrank to Volume/mass values below that of the original sample, indicating that the liquid fuel and some of the associated elastomer components were removed from the sample, while plastics retained some of this Volume Swell/mass gain after drying, indicating that the liquid fuel was retained in the plastic structure. Metal samples were the least affected by the liquid fuel exposures, with all samples showing a minimal increase or decrease in Volume of 6% or less and negligible change in mass. Most elastomers and plastics showed a reduction in tensile strength and elongation after the fuel exposures.
