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Christian Apfelbacher - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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evaluation of responsiveness and estimation of smallest detectable change and minimal important change scores for the childhood atopic dermatitis impact scale
British Journal of Dermatology, 2020Co-Authors: Michaela Gabes, Sarah L Chamlin, David Cella, Anthony J Mancini, Christian ApfelbacherAbstract:BACKGROUND The Childhood Atopic Dermatitis Impact Scale (CADIS) is an instrument to measure quality of life in young children affected by atopic dermatitis, and their parents. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the responsiveness (sensitivity to change), smallest detectable change (SDC) and minimal important change (MIC) of the CADIS. METHODS Parents and primary caregivers of 300 young children completed the CADIS and a global rating of their child's skin condition at baseline and a 4-week follow-up. Kruskal-Wallis tests, Wilcoxon tests and effect sizes were used to assess responsiveness. The SDC can be seen as a change beyond measurement error. Anchor-based and distribution-based methods, and an integration of both methods were used to estimate the MIC. RESULTS In total, 270 families provided data at baseline and 228 at follow-up. The CADIS total change score and most of the domain scores had moderate-to-strong correlations with the skin change score. Patients were grouped according to the skin change score, which served as an anchor. Children whose parents noted an improvement of the skin showed lower CADIS scores at follow-up (P 12% on the total score or each domain score very likely represents a clinically important change. What's already known about this topic? Atopic dermatitis reduces the quality of life of affected children and their parents. The Childhood Atopic Dermatitis Impact Scale (CADIS) has been evaluated and translated into two further languages. What does this study add? Further validation of the responsiveness of the CADIS, and whether it is sensitive to change in patients whose condition had changed. Calculation of the smallest detectable change. What are the clinical implications of this work? Estimation of the minimal important change in CADIS provides benchmarks for clinical practice.
Samy Zalat - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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genetic structure of the populations of spilostethus pandurus in the Wadis of the st katherine protectorate south sinai
Egyptian Journal of Biology, 2008Co-Authors: Mona Ali M Mahmoud, Somia S Elakkad, Samy Zalat, Francis GilbertAbstract:The genetic diversity of Spilostethus pandurus was studied using RAPD markers in individuals sampled from four Wadis within the St Katherine area. A total of 109 different RAPD bands were generated for the whole sample: site-specific bands occurred at low frequency. Even though there were many genetic differences among individuals within sites, the sites were statistically distinct. Thus even in thus fairly long-lived and apparently fairly mobile insect, there is evidence of genetic isolation among the Wadis of this highly dissected environment. Keywords : aposematism, gene flow, genetic diversity, RAPD, Sinai Egyptian Journal of Biology Vol. 10 2008: pp. 87-94
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Local variation of haemoparasites and arthropod vectors, and intestinal protozoans in spiny mice (Acomys dimidiatus) from four montane Wadis in the St Katherine Protectorate, Sinai, Egypt
Journal of Zoology, 2006Co-Authors: Anna Bajer, Francis Gilbert, J M Behnke, Nour E Sherif, P. D. Harris, Małgorzata Bednarska, Christopher J. Barnard, Simon Clifford, Edward Siński, Samy ZalatAbstract:Haemoparasite infections and infestations with potential arthropod vectors were assessed in spiny mice Acomys dimidiatus from four Wadis in the arid montane region of the southern Sinai in Egypt in late summer 2000. Five taxa of haemoparasites (Haemobartonella spp. 80%, Hepatozoon sp. 20.6%, Trypanosoma acomys 17.5%, Bartonella spp. 2.5% and Babesia sp. 1.9%) were recorded. Additionally, infections with two intestinal protozoa, Cryptosporidium cf. parvum and Giardia sp., were quantified, both with similar prevalence (17.0 and 17.6%, respectively). 17.9% of mice carried fleas (Parapulex chephrensis and Xenopsylla dipodilli) and 32.1% had lice (Polyplax oxyrrhyncha and Polyplax brachyrrhycha combined). Marked differences in the prevalence and abundance of infections were detected between the four Wadis, particularly with respect to T. acomys, Hepatozoon sp. and fleas, which were largely aggregated in just two of the four sites (Wadis Gharaba and Tlah). In contrast, the intestinal protozoa were more common, and abundance was higher, in Wadi El Arbaein. Intrinsic factors also contributed to a variation in prevalence, with strong age-dependent increases in the prevalence and abundance of Hepatozoon sp., higher mean species richness, prevalence of Cr. cf. parvum, and abundance of Giardia sp. and Hepatozoon sp. in female mice. Haemobartonella spp. showed an age-dependent reduction in abundance and higher abundance among male mice. A weak association was found between the prevalence of T. acomys and its putative flea vector. The single extrinsic factor in the study, site of capture, was more important than the intrinsic factors in explaining variation in the prevalence and abundance of haemoparasites, intestinal protozoa and arthropod vectors. In the high mountains of southern Sinai, the parasite fauna of spiny mice is distinct in each wadi, and hence we expect the parasites to exert spatially different co-evolutionary pressures on their hosts, with a resultant variation in host life histories.
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spatial variation in selection in a plant pollinator system in the Wadis of sinai egypt
Oecologia, 1996Co-Authors: Francis Gilbert, Pat Willmer, Fayez M Semida, Jaboury Ghazoul, Samy ZalatAbstract:We studied an insect-plant pollination system in adjacent steep-sided Wadis and a connecting plain in the mountains of southern Sinai (Egypt): this environment creates a strongly divided habitat, which may promote the local differentiation of sub-populations. We tested for spatial differences in phenotypic reproductive characters of the only plant flowering abundantly in early spring, Alkanna orientalis (Boraginaceae), and its major pollinator at that time of year, Anthophora pauperata (Apoidea, Anthophoridae). There were significant morphological differences between sub-populations of Alkanna, mainly between plants from the narrower Wadis and those on the interconnecting plain. Flowers on the plain were larger, with wider corollas and more nectar standing crop; these plants retained more flowers on the inflorescence, but received many fewer visits to flowers. There was a significant selection gradient between flower size and maternal fitness (seed set) in the plain, but not elsewhere. Natural selection may have increased resources devoted to attracting insect visitors in response to fewer pollinating visits in the plain. Consistent with this explanation, by experimentally manipulating flower number per plant, we showed that within a wadi having more flowers on a plant secured more visits.
Sarah L Chamlin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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evaluation of responsiveness and estimation of smallest detectable change and minimal important change scores for the childhood atopic dermatitis impact scale
British Journal of Dermatology, 2020Co-Authors: Michaela Gabes, Sarah L Chamlin, David Cella, Anthony J Mancini, Christian ApfelbacherAbstract:BACKGROUND The Childhood Atopic Dermatitis Impact Scale (CADIS) is an instrument to measure quality of life in young children affected by atopic dermatitis, and their parents. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the responsiveness (sensitivity to change), smallest detectable change (SDC) and minimal important change (MIC) of the CADIS. METHODS Parents and primary caregivers of 300 young children completed the CADIS and a global rating of their child's skin condition at baseline and a 4-week follow-up. Kruskal-Wallis tests, Wilcoxon tests and effect sizes were used to assess responsiveness. The SDC can be seen as a change beyond measurement error. Anchor-based and distribution-based methods, and an integration of both methods were used to estimate the MIC. RESULTS In total, 270 families provided data at baseline and 228 at follow-up. The CADIS total change score and most of the domain scores had moderate-to-strong correlations with the skin change score. Patients were grouped according to the skin change score, which served as an anchor. Children whose parents noted an improvement of the skin showed lower CADIS scores at follow-up (P 12% on the total score or each domain score very likely represents a clinically important change. What's already known about this topic? Atopic dermatitis reduces the quality of life of affected children and their parents. The Childhood Atopic Dermatitis Impact Scale (CADIS) has been evaluated and translated into two further languages. What does this study add? Further validation of the responsiveness of the CADIS, and whether it is sensitive to change in patients whose condition had changed. Calculation of the smallest detectable change. What are the clinical implications of this work? Estimation of the minimal important change in CADIS provides benchmarks for clinical practice.
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childhood atopic dermatitis impact scale reliability discriminative and concurrent validity and responsiveness
Archives of Dermatology, 2007Co-Authors: Sarah L Chamlin, Jin Shei Lai, David Cella, Ilona J Frieden, Mary L Williams, Anthony J Mancini, Marymargaret ChrenAbstract:Objective To evaluate the test-retest reliability, discriminative and concurrent validity, and responsiveness of the Childhood Atopic Dermatitis Impact Scale (CADIS), a quality-of-life scale with 5 domains. Design Prospective, longitudinal study. Setting Two academic pediatric dermatology practices. Patients A total of 301 parents of children younger than 6 years with atopic dermatitis. Main Outcome Measures Participants completed the CADIS, sociodemographic items, and other clinical questions at enrollment and at a 4-week follow-up. In addition, 41 participants completed the CADIS again 48 hours after baseline. Disease severity was measured using the Severity Scoring of Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) index for all children. Results Of 301 enrolled participants, 270 (90%) completed the enrollment materials and 228 (84%) of these completed the 4-week follow-up materials. Thirty-four (83%) of the 41 participants completed the 48-hour materials. Intraclass correlation coefficients of CADIS scores at enrollment and at 48 hours ranged from 0.89 to 0.95. Correlations between CADIS scores and the SCORAD index scores (range, 0.42-0.72) demonstrated that more severe atopic dermatitis is associated with worse quality of life. Scores from all 5 domains of the CADIS significantly differentiated patients at each severity level as measured by the SCORAD index ( P P Conclusions These data confirm the test-retest reliability, concurrent validity, and discriminative validity of the CADIS. In addition, responsiveness evaluation demonstrates that the CADIS accurately measures change in patients whose disease improves.
Francis Gilbert - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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genetic variability in the endemic bee anthophora pauperata among Wadis in the st katherine protectorate
2008Co-Authors: Mona Ali M Mahmoud, Samym Zalat, Somia S Elakkad, Francis GilbertAbstract:The genetic diversity and spatial genetic population structure of the solitary bee Anthophora pauperata Walker 1871, a species endemic to St Katherine Protectorate, were studied by RAPD markers in seven Wadis in the St Katherine Protectorate, South Sinai, Egypt. High levels of genetic diversity were found, mostly within rather than among Wadis, but there were highly significant genetic differences among sites, unrelated to geographic distances between them. Reasons for these patterns may lie in the territoriality and mating behaviour of these bees.
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genetic structure of the populations of spilostethus pandurus in the Wadis of the st katherine protectorate south sinai
Egyptian Journal of Biology, 2008Co-Authors: Mona Ali M Mahmoud, Somia S Elakkad, Samy Zalat, Francis GilbertAbstract:The genetic diversity of Spilostethus pandurus was studied using RAPD markers in individuals sampled from four Wadis within the St Katherine area. A total of 109 different RAPD bands were generated for the whole sample: site-specific bands occurred at low frequency. Even though there were many genetic differences among individuals within sites, the sites were statistically distinct. Thus even in thus fairly long-lived and apparently fairly mobile insect, there is evidence of genetic isolation among the Wadis of this highly dissected environment. Keywords : aposematism, gene flow, genetic diversity, RAPD, Sinai Egyptian Journal of Biology Vol. 10 2008: pp. 87-94
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Local variation of haemoparasites and arthropod vectors, and intestinal protozoans in spiny mice (Acomys dimidiatus) from four montane Wadis in the St Katherine Protectorate, Sinai, Egypt
Journal of Zoology, 2006Co-Authors: Anna Bajer, Francis Gilbert, J M Behnke, Nour E Sherif, P. D. Harris, Małgorzata Bednarska, Christopher J. Barnard, Simon Clifford, Edward Siński, Samy ZalatAbstract:Haemoparasite infections and infestations with potential arthropod vectors were assessed in spiny mice Acomys dimidiatus from four Wadis in the arid montane region of the southern Sinai in Egypt in late summer 2000. Five taxa of haemoparasites (Haemobartonella spp. 80%, Hepatozoon sp. 20.6%, Trypanosoma acomys 17.5%, Bartonella spp. 2.5% and Babesia sp. 1.9%) were recorded. Additionally, infections with two intestinal protozoa, Cryptosporidium cf. parvum and Giardia sp., were quantified, both with similar prevalence (17.0 and 17.6%, respectively). 17.9% of mice carried fleas (Parapulex chephrensis and Xenopsylla dipodilli) and 32.1% had lice (Polyplax oxyrrhyncha and Polyplax brachyrrhycha combined). Marked differences in the prevalence and abundance of infections were detected between the four Wadis, particularly with respect to T. acomys, Hepatozoon sp. and fleas, which were largely aggregated in just two of the four sites (Wadis Gharaba and Tlah). In contrast, the intestinal protozoa were more common, and abundance was higher, in Wadi El Arbaein. Intrinsic factors also contributed to a variation in prevalence, with strong age-dependent increases in the prevalence and abundance of Hepatozoon sp., higher mean species richness, prevalence of Cr. cf. parvum, and abundance of Giardia sp. and Hepatozoon sp. in female mice. Haemobartonella spp. showed an age-dependent reduction in abundance and higher abundance among male mice. A weak association was found between the prevalence of T. acomys and its putative flea vector. The single extrinsic factor in the study, site of capture, was more important than the intrinsic factors in explaining variation in the prevalence and abundance of haemoparasites, intestinal protozoa and arthropod vectors. In the high mountains of southern Sinai, the parasite fauna of spiny mice is distinct in each wadi, and hence we expect the parasites to exert spatially different co-evolutionary pressures on their hosts, with a resultant variation in host life histories.
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spatial variation in selection in a plant pollinator system in the Wadis of sinai egypt
Oecologia, 1996Co-Authors: Francis Gilbert, Pat Willmer, Fayez M Semida, Jaboury Ghazoul, Samy ZalatAbstract:We studied an insect-plant pollination system in adjacent steep-sided Wadis and a connecting plain in the mountains of southern Sinai (Egypt): this environment creates a strongly divided habitat, which may promote the local differentiation of sub-populations. We tested for spatial differences in phenotypic reproductive characters of the only plant flowering abundantly in early spring, Alkanna orientalis (Boraginaceae), and its major pollinator at that time of year, Anthophora pauperata (Apoidea, Anthophoridae). There were significant morphological differences between sub-populations of Alkanna, mainly between plants from the narrower Wadis and those on the interconnecting plain. Flowers on the plain were larger, with wider corollas and more nectar standing crop; these plants retained more flowers on the inflorescence, but received many fewer visits to flowers. There was a significant selection gradient between flower size and maternal fitness (seed set) in the plain, but not elsewhere. Natural selection may have increased resources devoted to attracting insect visitors in response to fewer pollinating visits in the plain. Consistent with this explanation, by experimentally manipulating flower number per plant, we showed that within a wadi having more flowers on a plant secured more visits.
Anthony J Mancini - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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evaluation of responsiveness and estimation of smallest detectable change and minimal important change scores for the childhood atopic dermatitis impact scale
British Journal of Dermatology, 2020Co-Authors: Michaela Gabes, Sarah L Chamlin, David Cella, Anthony J Mancini, Christian ApfelbacherAbstract:BACKGROUND The Childhood Atopic Dermatitis Impact Scale (CADIS) is an instrument to measure quality of life in young children affected by atopic dermatitis, and their parents. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the responsiveness (sensitivity to change), smallest detectable change (SDC) and minimal important change (MIC) of the CADIS. METHODS Parents and primary caregivers of 300 young children completed the CADIS and a global rating of their child's skin condition at baseline and a 4-week follow-up. Kruskal-Wallis tests, Wilcoxon tests and effect sizes were used to assess responsiveness. The SDC can be seen as a change beyond measurement error. Anchor-based and distribution-based methods, and an integration of both methods were used to estimate the MIC. RESULTS In total, 270 families provided data at baseline and 228 at follow-up. The CADIS total change score and most of the domain scores had moderate-to-strong correlations with the skin change score. Patients were grouped according to the skin change score, which served as an anchor. Children whose parents noted an improvement of the skin showed lower CADIS scores at follow-up (P 12% on the total score or each domain score very likely represents a clinically important change. What's already known about this topic? Atopic dermatitis reduces the quality of life of affected children and their parents. The Childhood Atopic Dermatitis Impact Scale (CADIS) has been evaluated and translated into two further languages. What does this study add? Further validation of the responsiveness of the CADIS, and whether it is sensitive to change in patients whose condition had changed. Calculation of the smallest detectable change. What are the clinical implications of this work? Estimation of the minimal important change in CADIS provides benchmarks for clinical practice.
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childhood atopic dermatitis impact scale reliability discriminative and concurrent validity and responsiveness
Archives of Dermatology, 2007Co-Authors: Sarah L Chamlin, Jin Shei Lai, David Cella, Ilona J Frieden, Mary L Williams, Anthony J Mancini, Marymargaret ChrenAbstract:Objective To evaluate the test-retest reliability, discriminative and concurrent validity, and responsiveness of the Childhood Atopic Dermatitis Impact Scale (CADIS), a quality-of-life scale with 5 domains. Design Prospective, longitudinal study. Setting Two academic pediatric dermatology practices. Patients A total of 301 parents of children younger than 6 years with atopic dermatitis. Main Outcome Measures Participants completed the CADIS, sociodemographic items, and other clinical questions at enrollment and at a 4-week follow-up. In addition, 41 participants completed the CADIS again 48 hours after baseline. Disease severity was measured using the Severity Scoring of Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) index for all children. Results Of 301 enrolled participants, 270 (90%) completed the enrollment materials and 228 (84%) of these completed the 4-week follow-up materials. Thirty-four (83%) of the 41 participants completed the 48-hour materials. Intraclass correlation coefficients of CADIS scores at enrollment and at 48 hours ranged from 0.89 to 0.95. Correlations between CADIS scores and the SCORAD index scores (range, 0.42-0.72) demonstrated that more severe atopic dermatitis is associated with worse quality of life. Scores from all 5 domains of the CADIS significantly differentiated patients at each severity level as measured by the SCORAD index ( P P Conclusions These data confirm the test-retest reliability, concurrent validity, and discriminative validity of the CADIS. In addition, responsiveness evaluation demonstrates that the CADIS accurately measures change in patients whose disease improves.
