The Experts below are selected from a list of 201 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Maria Helena Matiko Akao Larsson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Electrocardiographic parameters of captive tufted capuchins (Cebus apella) under chemical immobilization.
Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine : official publication of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians, 2012Co-Authors: Maria Helena Matiko Akao Larsson, José Daniel Luzes Fedullo, Arine Pellegrino, V. M. C Oliveira, Cristiana Sanctis Prada, Carlos Eduardo Larsson JuniorAbstract:Abstract: This study presents the electrocardiogram findings from 97 captive tufted capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) at the Sao Paulo Zoo (Sao Paulo, Brazil) while under ketamine anesthesia. The results did not differ greatly from data of domestic carnivores or other studied primate species. The most common rhythm recorded was normal sinus rhythm, followed by normal sinus rhythm with Wandering Pacemaker. Electrical axis varied from 0° to −150° but was most commonly between +60° and +90°. QRS complexes were predominantly positive in leads DI, DII, DIII, and AVF. These findings allow for the recognition of abnormal rhythms in these primate species and can contribute to future investigations into the cardiovascular diseases routinely diagnosed in primates and humans.
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STANDARDIZATION OF SOME ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC PARAMETERS OF CAPTIVE LEOPARD CATS (LEOPARDUS TIGRINUS)
Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine : official publication of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians, 2009Co-Authors: Sam Goldy Shoyama Oda, Ronaldo Jun Yamato, José Daniel Luzes Fedullo, Moacir Leomil Neto, Maria Helena Matiko Akao LarssonAbstract:Abstract Thirty-three captive leopard cats, Leopardus tigrinus, were anesthetized with xylazine (1–2 mg/kg) and ketamine (10 mg/kg), and electrocardiograph (ECG) tests were recorded in all leads with 1 cm = 1 mV sensibility and 25 mm/sec speed repeating DII lead at 50 mm/sec speed with the same sensibility. Results expressed by mean and standard deviation were: heart rate (HR) = 107 ± 17 (bpm); P-wave = 0.048 ± 0.072 (s) × 0.128 ± 0.048 (mV); PR interval = 0.101 ± 0.081 (s); QRS compound = 0.053 ± 0.012 (s) × 1.446 ± 0.602 (mV); QT interval = 0.231 ± 0.028 (s); R-wave (CV6LL) = 1.574 ± 0.527 (mV); R-wave (CV6LU) = 1.583 ± 0.818 (mV); heart rhythm: normal sinus rhythm (15.2%), sinus rhythm with Wandering Pacemaker (WPM) (60.6%), sinus arrhythmia with WPM (24.2%); electric axis: between +30° and +60° (6.1%), +60 (6.1%), between +60° and +90° (57.6%), +90° (9%), between +90° and +120° (21.2%); ST segment: normal (75.7%), elevation (18.2%), depression (6.1%); T-wave polarity (DII): positive (1...
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electrocardiographic parameters of captive lions panthera leo and tigers panthera tigris immobilized with ketamine plus xylazine
Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, 2008Co-Authors: Maria Helena Matiko Akao Larsson, José Daniel Luzes Fedullo, V. M. C Oliveira, Fernanda M Coelho, Fernanda Lie Yamaki, Guilherme G Pereira, E C Soares, Roberto Carvalho E PereiraAbstract:Abstract Twenty-seven healthy captive lions (Panthera leo) and 13 healthy captive tigers (Panthera tigris) from Sao Paulo Zoo (Fundacao Parque Zoologico de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil) collection were selected for this study. They were anesthetized with ketamine (10 mg/kg) combined with xylazine (1–2 mg/kg) for physical examinations, hematologic and serum chemical analysis and electrocardiogram recording. The main aim of this research was to gather initial information about normal electrocardiographic parameters of large felids. Standard P-QRS-T deflections on leads described for domestic carnivores were analyzed, and they did not greatly differ from those of large felids, taking into account the greater weight and corporal mass of large felids. Heart rate of lions ranged from 42 to 76 beats per minute (bpm). Heart rate of tigers ranged from 56 to 97 bpm. In both species, the most common rhythm detected was normal sinus rhythm followed by sinus arrhythmia; Wandering Pacemaker was also observed with norma...
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Electrocardiographic Parameters of Captive Lions (Panthera leo) and Tigers (Panthera tigris) Immobilized with Ketamine Plus Xylazine
Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, 2008Co-Authors: Maria Helena Matiko Akao Larsson, José Daniel Luzes Fedullo, V. M. C Oliveira, Fernanda M Coelho, Fernanda Lie Yamaki, Guilherme G Pereira, E C Soares, Roberto Carvalho E Pereira, Fumio Honma ItoAbstract:Twenty-seven healthy captive lions (Panthera leo) and 13 healthy captive tigers (Panthera tigris) from Sao Paulo Zoo (Fundacao Parque Zoologico de Sa Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil) collection were selected for this study. They were anesthetized with ketamine (10 mg/kg) combined with xylazine (1-2 mg/kg) for physical examinations, hematologic and serum chemical analysis and electrocardiogram recording. The main aim of this research was to gather initial information about normal electrocardiographic parameters of large felids. Standard P-QRS-T deflections on leads described for domestic carnivores were analyzed, and they did not greatly differ from those of large felids, taking into account the greater weight and corporal mass of large felids. Heart rate of lions ranged from 42 to 76 beats per minute (bpm). Heart rate of tigers ranged from 56 to 97 bpm. In both species, the most common rhythm detected was normal sinus rhythm followed by sinus arrhythmia; Wandering Pacemaker was also observed with normal sinus rhythm or sinus arrhythmia. Mean electrical axis lay between +60 degrees and +120 degrees. QRS complexes were predominantly positive in leads DI, DII, DIII, and AVF, and negative in AVR and AVL. This study provides insights into normal electrocardiograms of large felids. Wider investigations on the same subject are necessary to establish criteria for the recognition of abnormalities in these species and should include other anesthetic drug(s) combinations and reports of electrocardiographic features of animals with cardiac disease and electrolytes disturbances.
Michael Böhm - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Holt-Oram Syndrome
Circulation, 1998Co-Authors: Michael BöhmAbstract:A29-year-old woman presented with dizziness. Physical and radiographic examinations showed skeletal hand malformations, ie, digitalized triphalangeal thumbs and dystrophy of the carpal bones. When she was 15 years old, an atrial septal defect had been repaired. ECG recordings showed abnormalities of atrial excitation such as a Wandering Pacemaker, atrial ectopic activity, AV-nodal block, and sinus bradycardia of
José Daniel Luzes Fedullo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Electrocardiographic parameters of captive tufted capuchins (Cebus apella) under chemical immobilization.
Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine : official publication of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians, 2012Co-Authors: Maria Helena Matiko Akao Larsson, José Daniel Luzes Fedullo, Arine Pellegrino, V. M. C Oliveira, Cristiana Sanctis Prada, Carlos Eduardo Larsson JuniorAbstract:Abstract: This study presents the electrocardiogram findings from 97 captive tufted capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) at the Sao Paulo Zoo (Sao Paulo, Brazil) while under ketamine anesthesia. The results did not differ greatly from data of domestic carnivores or other studied primate species. The most common rhythm recorded was normal sinus rhythm, followed by normal sinus rhythm with Wandering Pacemaker. Electrical axis varied from 0° to −150° but was most commonly between +60° and +90°. QRS complexes were predominantly positive in leads DI, DII, DIII, and AVF. These findings allow for the recognition of abnormal rhythms in these primate species and can contribute to future investigations into the cardiovascular diseases routinely diagnosed in primates and humans.
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STANDARDIZATION OF SOME ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC PARAMETERS OF CAPTIVE LEOPARD CATS (LEOPARDUS TIGRINUS)
Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine : official publication of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians, 2009Co-Authors: Sam Goldy Shoyama Oda, Ronaldo Jun Yamato, José Daniel Luzes Fedullo, Moacir Leomil Neto, Maria Helena Matiko Akao LarssonAbstract:Abstract Thirty-three captive leopard cats, Leopardus tigrinus, were anesthetized with xylazine (1–2 mg/kg) and ketamine (10 mg/kg), and electrocardiograph (ECG) tests were recorded in all leads with 1 cm = 1 mV sensibility and 25 mm/sec speed repeating DII lead at 50 mm/sec speed with the same sensibility. Results expressed by mean and standard deviation were: heart rate (HR) = 107 ± 17 (bpm); P-wave = 0.048 ± 0.072 (s) × 0.128 ± 0.048 (mV); PR interval = 0.101 ± 0.081 (s); QRS compound = 0.053 ± 0.012 (s) × 1.446 ± 0.602 (mV); QT interval = 0.231 ± 0.028 (s); R-wave (CV6LL) = 1.574 ± 0.527 (mV); R-wave (CV6LU) = 1.583 ± 0.818 (mV); heart rhythm: normal sinus rhythm (15.2%), sinus rhythm with Wandering Pacemaker (WPM) (60.6%), sinus arrhythmia with WPM (24.2%); electric axis: between +30° and +60° (6.1%), +60 (6.1%), between +60° and +90° (57.6%), +90° (9%), between +90° and +120° (21.2%); ST segment: normal (75.7%), elevation (18.2%), depression (6.1%); T-wave polarity (DII): positive (1...
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electrocardiographic parameters of captive lions panthera leo and tigers panthera tigris immobilized with ketamine plus xylazine
Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, 2008Co-Authors: Maria Helena Matiko Akao Larsson, José Daniel Luzes Fedullo, V. M. C Oliveira, Fernanda M Coelho, Fernanda Lie Yamaki, Guilherme G Pereira, E C Soares, Roberto Carvalho E PereiraAbstract:Abstract Twenty-seven healthy captive lions (Panthera leo) and 13 healthy captive tigers (Panthera tigris) from Sao Paulo Zoo (Fundacao Parque Zoologico de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil) collection were selected for this study. They were anesthetized with ketamine (10 mg/kg) combined with xylazine (1–2 mg/kg) for physical examinations, hematologic and serum chemical analysis and electrocardiogram recording. The main aim of this research was to gather initial information about normal electrocardiographic parameters of large felids. Standard P-QRS-T deflections on leads described for domestic carnivores were analyzed, and they did not greatly differ from those of large felids, taking into account the greater weight and corporal mass of large felids. Heart rate of lions ranged from 42 to 76 beats per minute (bpm). Heart rate of tigers ranged from 56 to 97 bpm. In both species, the most common rhythm detected was normal sinus rhythm followed by sinus arrhythmia; Wandering Pacemaker was also observed with norma...
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Electrocardiographic Parameters of Captive Lions (Panthera leo) and Tigers (Panthera tigris) Immobilized with Ketamine Plus Xylazine
Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, 2008Co-Authors: Maria Helena Matiko Akao Larsson, José Daniel Luzes Fedullo, V. M. C Oliveira, Fernanda M Coelho, Fernanda Lie Yamaki, Guilherme G Pereira, E C Soares, Roberto Carvalho E Pereira, Fumio Honma ItoAbstract:Twenty-seven healthy captive lions (Panthera leo) and 13 healthy captive tigers (Panthera tigris) from Sao Paulo Zoo (Fundacao Parque Zoologico de Sa Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil) collection were selected for this study. They were anesthetized with ketamine (10 mg/kg) combined with xylazine (1-2 mg/kg) for physical examinations, hematologic and serum chemical analysis and electrocardiogram recording. The main aim of this research was to gather initial information about normal electrocardiographic parameters of large felids. Standard P-QRS-T deflections on leads described for domestic carnivores were analyzed, and they did not greatly differ from those of large felids, taking into account the greater weight and corporal mass of large felids. Heart rate of lions ranged from 42 to 76 beats per minute (bpm). Heart rate of tigers ranged from 56 to 97 bpm. In both species, the most common rhythm detected was normal sinus rhythm followed by sinus arrhythmia; Wandering Pacemaker was also observed with normal sinus rhythm or sinus arrhythmia. Mean electrical axis lay between +60 degrees and +120 degrees. QRS complexes were predominantly positive in leads DI, DII, DIII, and AVF, and negative in AVR and AVL. This study provides insights into normal electrocardiograms of large felids. Wider investigations on the same subject are necessary to establish criteria for the recognition of abnormalities in these species and should include other anesthetic drug(s) combinations and reports of electrocardiographic features of animals with cardiac disease and electrolytes disturbances.
V. M. C Oliveira - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Electrocardiographic parameters of captive tufted capuchins (Cebus apella) under chemical immobilization.
Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine : official publication of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians, 2012Co-Authors: Maria Helena Matiko Akao Larsson, José Daniel Luzes Fedullo, Arine Pellegrino, V. M. C Oliveira, Cristiana Sanctis Prada, Carlos Eduardo Larsson JuniorAbstract:Abstract: This study presents the electrocardiogram findings from 97 captive tufted capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) at the Sao Paulo Zoo (Sao Paulo, Brazil) while under ketamine anesthesia. The results did not differ greatly from data of domestic carnivores or other studied primate species. The most common rhythm recorded was normal sinus rhythm, followed by normal sinus rhythm with Wandering Pacemaker. Electrical axis varied from 0° to −150° but was most commonly between +60° and +90°. QRS complexes were predominantly positive in leads DI, DII, DIII, and AVF. These findings allow for the recognition of abnormal rhythms in these primate species and can contribute to future investigations into the cardiovascular diseases routinely diagnosed in primates and humans.
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electrocardiographic parameters of captive lions panthera leo and tigers panthera tigris immobilized with ketamine plus xylazine
Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, 2008Co-Authors: Maria Helena Matiko Akao Larsson, José Daniel Luzes Fedullo, V. M. C Oliveira, Fernanda M Coelho, Fernanda Lie Yamaki, Guilherme G Pereira, E C Soares, Roberto Carvalho E PereiraAbstract:Abstract Twenty-seven healthy captive lions (Panthera leo) and 13 healthy captive tigers (Panthera tigris) from Sao Paulo Zoo (Fundacao Parque Zoologico de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil) collection were selected for this study. They were anesthetized with ketamine (10 mg/kg) combined with xylazine (1–2 mg/kg) for physical examinations, hematologic and serum chemical analysis and electrocardiogram recording. The main aim of this research was to gather initial information about normal electrocardiographic parameters of large felids. Standard P-QRS-T deflections on leads described for domestic carnivores were analyzed, and they did not greatly differ from those of large felids, taking into account the greater weight and corporal mass of large felids. Heart rate of lions ranged from 42 to 76 beats per minute (bpm). Heart rate of tigers ranged from 56 to 97 bpm. In both species, the most common rhythm detected was normal sinus rhythm followed by sinus arrhythmia; Wandering Pacemaker was also observed with norma...
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Electrocardiographic Parameters of Captive Lions (Panthera leo) and Tigers (Panthera tigris) Immobilized with Ketamine Plus Xylazine
Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, 2008Co-Authors: Maria Helena Matiko Akao Larsson, José Daniel Luzes Fedullo, V. M. C Oliveira, Fernanda M Coelho, Fernanda Lie Yamaki, Guilherme G Pereira, E C Soares, Roberto Carvalho E Pereira, Fumio Honma ItoAbstract:Twenty-seven healthy captive lions (Panthera leo) and 13 healthy captive tigers (Panthera tigris) from Sao Paulo Zoo (Fundacao Parque Zoologico de Sa Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil) collection were selected for this study. They were anesthetized with ketamine (10 mg/kg) combined with xylazine (1-2 mg/kg) for physical examinations, hematologic and serum chemical analysis and electrocardiogram recording. The main aim of this research was to gather initial information about normal electrocardiographic parameters of large felids. Standard P-QRS-T deflections on leads described for domestic carnivores were analyzed, and they did not greatly differ from those of large felids, taking into account the greater weight and corporal mass of large felids. Heart rate of lions ranged from 42 to 76 beats per minute (bpm). Heart rate of tigers ranged from 56 to 97 bpm. In both species, the most common rhythm detected was normal sinus rhythm followed by sinus arrhythmia; Wandering Pacemaker was also observed with normal sinus rhythm or sinus arrhythmia. Mean electrical axis lay between +60 degrees and +120 degrees. QRS complexes were predominantly positive in leads DI, DII, DIII, and AVF, and negative in AVR and AVL. This study provides insights into normal electrocardiograms of large felids. Wider investigations on the same subject are necessary to establish criteria for the recognition of abnormalities in these species and should include other anesthetic drug(s) combinations and reports of electrocardiographic features of animals with cardiac disease and electrolytes disturbances.
Dumont, Cinthia Beatriz Da Silva - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Determinação de parâmatros eletrocardiográficos, hidroeletrolíticos e do equilíbrio ácido base em equinos Puro Sangue Árabe submetidos a exercício de enduro
2011Co-Authors: Dumont, Cinthia Beatriz Da SilvaAbstract:Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, 2011.Este estudo foi dividido em três etapas, buscando o emprego de uma metodologia mais direcionada e organizada visando com isso a obtenção de resultados expressivos a respeito de equinos praticantes de enduro equestre. Na primeira etapa foram estabelecidos os parâmetros eletrocardiográficos de 20 equinos Puro Sangue Árabe em repouso e após exercício prolongado de enduro. Foi verificado durante o repouso que a frequência cardíaca média foi de 35,85bpm com predominância do ritmo sinusal e de 53,78bpm com taquicardia sinusal após o exercício. Como variação fisiológica observou-se marcapasso migratório e como não fisiológica, complexo ventricular prematuro. No pós-exercício ocorreu aumento da amplitude das ondas P, R, S e T, com onda P tendendo a se tornar única em 35% dos animais e bífida positiva em 65%, e a onda T monofásica positiva. Houve redução da duração das ondas, intervalos e segmentos, e alongamento do QTc, porém o complexo QRS quase não alterou. O eixo elétrico no plano frontal apresentou desvios à direita e à esquerda em repouso, sugestivo de aumento de câmara e hipertrofia secundárias ao treinamento, ao passo que após o exercício demonstrou desvio extremo para a direita indicando alterações eletrolíticas. O escore cardíaco médio foi de 128,45ms, caracterizando os animais como atletas, reduzindo a 118,60ms após o exercício. Já na segunda etapa, foram examinados por meio de exame eletrocardiográfico 14 equinos Puro Sangue Árabe desclassificados por exaustão em provas de enduro entre 60 e 160 km, imediatamente após a desclassificação, antes da instituição de qualquer tipo de tratamento. Houve predomínio de taquicardia sinusal, seguido de arritmia sinusal e complexo atrial prematuro com a frequência cardíaca variando de 48 a 78 bpm e 93 a 111 bpm, respectivamente. Ocorreu aumento da amplitude das ondas P, R, S e T e redução nas suas durações, bem como redução nos intervalos e segmentos, porém o complexo QRS quase não se alterou. O alongamento observado do QTc indicou fadiga miocárdica moderada em resposta ao exercício e o supradesnível ST foi indicativo de hipovolemia. O eixo elétrico no plano frontal apresentou desvio à direita, sugerindo aumento de câmara e hipertrofia secundárias ao treinamento. Por fim, na terceira etapa, foi avaliado o comportamento da osmolaridade, do ânion gap, do Ph e dos íons plasmáticos mensuráveis de 14 equinos, 09 machos e 05 fêmeas, Puro Sangue Árabe finalistas em provas de enduro de 90 km. Para tanto, foram colhidas em dois momentos, repouso e após o exercício prolongado, amostras de sangue venoso para a mensuração das variáveis de interesse. Diante dos achados pode-se observar a partir do repouso, aumento com diferença significante dos valores do Hct, das PPT e do AG, sugerindo perda de fluidos e discreto grau de desidratação. O Ph e o íon H+ quase não se alteraram, indicando ausência de distúrbios metabólicos. Reduções, com diferença siginificativas foram observadas para os íons Cl-, HCO3-, K+, Ca++, assim como do EB. Pode-se observar que os parâmetros avaliados permaneceram dentro dos valores de referência descritos na literatura consultada, somente com elevação discreta do Hct e do AG acima desses valores, sobretudo sem manifestações clínicas. _________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTThis study was divided into three stages, aiming the use of a methodology more focused and organized, in order to obtain expressive results concerning equines submitted to endurance training. In the first stage we established the electrocardiographic parameters of 20 Purebred Arabian horses at rest and after prolonged endurance exercise. During rest, we verified that the average heart rate was 35.85 bpm with predominance of sinus rhythm, and 53.78 bpm with sinus tachycardia after exercise. As physiological variation, a Wandering Pacemaker was observed, while as a non physiological variation, a premature ventricular complex. In the post-exercise, there was an increase in the amplitude of waves P, R, S and T, with P-wave tending to become unique in 35% of the animals and bifid positive in 65%, meantime the T-wave was monophasic and positive in all animals. A reduction in the duration, intervals and segments of the waves was recorded, and lengthening of QTc, however the QRS complex has hardly changed. The electrical axis in frontal plane presented deviations to the right and left at rest, suggesting increased chamber, and hypertrophy secondary to training, whereas after the exercise, presented extreme deviation to the right, indicating electrolyte abnormalities. The average heart score was 128.45ms, characterizing animals as athletes, reducing to 118.60ms after exercise. In the second stage, 14 Purebred Arabian horses were examined through electrocardiographic examination. They were disqualified due to exhaustion in endurance races between 60 and 160 km, immediately after disqualification, before any kind of treatment. There was prevalence of sinus tachycardia, followed by sinus arrhythmia and atrial premature complex, with the heart rate ranging from 48 to 78 bpm, and 93 to 111 bpm, respectively. We also registered an increase in the amplitude of waves P, R, S and T, and decrease in their durations, as well as reduction in the intervals and segments, nevertheless, the QRS complex has hardly changed. The lengthening observed of QTc pointed a moderate myocardial fatigue in response to exercise, and the elevation of ST was indicative of hypovolemia. The electrical axis in frontal plane presented deviation to the right, chamber increase and hypertrophy secondary to training. Finally, in the third stage, we assessed the behavior of osmolarity, anion gap, pH, and measurable plasma ions of 14 Purebred Arabian horses, 09 males and 05 females, finalists in an endurance race of 90 km. To this end, venous blood samples were taken at two times, at rest and after prolonged exercise, in order to measure the interest variables. Considering those findings, one can see from the rest, an increase with significant difference in the values of Hct, PPT and AG, suggesting a loss of fluid and a slight degree of dehydration. The pH and the H+ ion almost had no changes, indicating absence of metabolic disorders. Reductions, with significant difference, were verified for the ions Cl-, HCO3-, K+, Ca++, as well as BE. The examined parameters remained within the reference values described in the literature, only with slight increase of Hct and AG above these values, but without clinical manifestations
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Determinação de parâmatros eletrocardiográficos, hidroeletrolíticos e do equilíbrio ácido base em equinos Puro Sangue Árabe submetidos a exercício de enduro
2011Co-Authors: Dumont, Cinthia Beatriz Da SilvaAbstract:Este estudo foi dividido em três etapas, buscando o emprego de uma metodologia mais direcionada e organizada visando com isso a obtenção de resultados expressivos a respeito de equinos praticantes de enduro equestre. Na primeira etapa foram estabelecidos os parâmetros eletrocardiográficos de 20 equinos Puro Sangue Árabe em repouso e após exercício prolongado de enduro. Foi verificado durante o repouso que a frequência cardíaca média foi de 35,85bpm com predominância do ritmo sinusal e de 53,78bpm com taquicardia sinusal após o exercício. Como variação fisiológica observou-se marcapasso migratório e como não fisiológica, complexo ventricular prematuro. No pós-exercício ocorreu aumento da amplitude das ondas P, R, S e T, com onda P tendendo a se tornar única em 35% dos animais e bífida positiva em 65%, e a onda T monofásica positiva. Houve redução da duração das ondas, intervalos e segmentos, e alongamento do QTc, porém o complexo QRS quase não alterou. O eixo elétrico no plano frontal apresentou desvios à direita e à esquerda em repouso, sugestivo de aumento de câmara e hipertrofia secundárias ao treinamento, ao passo que após o exercício demonstrou desvio extremo para a direita indicando alterações eletrolíticas. O escore cardíaco médio foi de 128,45ms, caracterizando os animais como atletas, reduzindo a 118,60ms após o exercício. Já na segunda etapa, foram examinados por meio de exame eletrocardiográfico 14 equinos Puro Sangue Árabe desclassificados por exaustão em provas de enduro entre 60 e 160 km, imediatamente após a desclassificação, antes da instituição de qualquer tipo de tratamento. Houve predomínio de taquicardia sinusal, seguido de arritmia sinusal e complexo atrial prematuro com a frequência cardíaca variando de 48 a 78 bpm e 93 a 111 bpm, respectivamente. Ocorreu aumento da amplitude das ondas P, R, S e T e redução nas suas durações, bem como redução nos intervalos e segmentos, porém o complexo QRS quase não se alterou. O alongamento observado do QTc indicou fadiga miocárdica moderada em resposta ao exercício e o supradesnível ST foi indicativo de hipovolemia. O eixo elétrico no plano frontal apresentou desvio à direita, sugerindo aumento de câmara e hipertrofia secundárias ao treinamento. Por fim, na terceira etapa, foi avaliado o comportamento da osmolaridade, do ânion gap, do Ph e dos íons plasmáticos mensuráveis de 14 equinos, 09 machos e 05 fêmeas, Puro Sangue Árabe finalistas em provas de enduro de 90 km. Para tanto, foram colhidas em dois momentos, repouso e após o exercício prolongado, amostras de sangue venoso para a mensuração das variáveis de interesse. Diante dos achados pode-se observar a partir do repouso, aumento com diferença significante dos valores do Hct, das PPT e do AG, sugerindo perda de fluidos e discreto grau de desidratação. O Ph e o íon H+ quase não se alteraram, indicando ausência de distúrbios metabólicos. Reduções, com diferença siginificativas foram observadas para os íons Cl-, HCO3-, K+, Ca++, assim como do EB. Pode-se observar que os parâmetros avaliados permaneceram dentro dos valores de referência descritos na literatura consultada, somente com elevação discreta do Hct e do AG acima desses valores, sobretudo sem manifestações clínicas. _________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTThis study was divided into three stages, aiming the use of a methodology more focused and organized, in order to obtain expressive results concerning equines submitted to endurance training. In the first stage we established the electrocardiographic parameters of 20 Purebred Arabian horses at rest and after prolonged endurance exercise. During rest, we verified that the average heart rate was 35.85 bpm with predominance of sinus rhythm, and 53.78 bpm with sinus tachycardia after exercise. As physiological variation, a Wandering Pacemaker was observed, while as a non physiological variation, a premature ventricular complex. In the post-exercise, there was an increase in the amplitude of waves P, R, S and T, with P-wave tending to become unique in 35% of the animals and bifid positive in 65%, meantime the T-wave was monophasic and positive in all animals. A reduction in the duration, intervals and segments of the waves was recorded, and lengthening of QTc, however the QRS complex has hardly changed. The electrical axis in frontal plane presented deviations to the right and left at rest, suggesting increased chamber, and hypertrophy secondary to training, whereas after the exercise, presented extreme deviation to the right, indicating electrolyte abnormalities. The average heart score was 128.45ms, characterizing animals as athletes, reducing to 118.60ms after exercise. In the second stage, 14 Purebred Arabian horses were examined through electrocardiographic examination. They were disqualified due to exhaustion in endurance races between 60 and 160 km, immediately after disqualification, before any kind of treatment. There was prevalence of sinus tachycardia, followed by sinus arrhythmia and atrial premature complex, with the heart rate ranging from 48 to 78 bpm, and 93 to 111 bpm, respectively. We also registered an increase in the amplitude of waves P, R, S and T, and decrease in their durations, as well as reduction in the intervals and segments, nevertheless, the QRS complex has hardly changed. The lengthening observed of QTc pointed a moderate myocardial fatigue in response to exercise, and the elevation of ST was indicative of hypovolemia. The electrical axis in frontal plane presented deviation to the right, chamber increase and hypertrophy secondary to training. Finally, in the third stage, we assessed the behavior of osmolarity, anion gap, pH, and measurable plasma ions of 14 Purebred Arabian horses, 09 males and 05 females, finalists in an endurance race of 90 km. To this end, venous blood samples were taken at two times, at rest and after prolonged exercise, in order to measure the interest variables. Considering those findings, one can see from the rest, an increase with significant difference in the values of Hct, PPT and AG, suggesting a loss of fluid and a slight degree of dehydration. The pH and the H+ ion almost had no changes, indicating absence of metabolic disorders. Reductions, with significant difference, were verified for the ions Cl-, HCO3-, K+, Ca++, as well as BE. The examined parameters remained within the reference values described in the literature, only with slight increase of Hct and AG above these values, but without clinical manifestations
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Electrocardiographic parameters of Arabian horses submitted to prolonged exercise of endurance
'FapUNIFESP (SciELO)', 2010Co-Authors: Dumont, Cinthia Beatriz Da Silva, Roberta Ferro De Godoy, Júlia Miranda De Moraes, Leite, Ceci Ribeiro, Alves, Rosângela De Oliveira, Eduardo Maurício Mendes De LimaAbstract:Foram estabelecidos os parâmetros eletrocardiográficos de 20 equinos Puro Sangue Árabe em repouso e após exercício prolongado de enduro. A frequência cardíaca média foi de 35,85bpm em repouso, com predominância do ritmo sinusal, e de 53,78bpm, com taquicardia sinusal após o exercício. Como variação fisiológica, observou-se marcapasso migratório, e como não fisiológica, complexo ventricular prematuro. No pós-exercício, ocorreu aumento da amplitude das ondas P, R, S e T, com onda P tendendo a se tornar única em 35% dos animais e bífida positiva em 65%, e a onda T monofásica positiva. Houve redução da duração das ondas, dos intervalos e dos segmentos, e alongamento do QTc; porém, o complexo QRS quase não se alterou. O eixo elétrico, no plano frontal, apresentou desvios à direita e à esquerda em repouso sugestivo de aumento de câmara e hipertrofia secundárias ao treinamento, ao passo que, após o exercício, demonstrou desvio extremo para a direita, indicando alterações eletrolíticas. O escore cardíaco médio foi de 128,45ms, o que caracteriza os animais como atletas, sendo reduzido a 118,60ms após o exercício. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTElectrocardiographic parameters of 20 Thoroughbred Arabian horses were established at rest and after prolonged endurance exercise. The mean heart rate was 35.85bpm at rest with predominant sinus rhythm, and 53.78bpm with sinus tachycardia after exercise. As physiological variation, Wandering Pacemaker was observed, and as non physiological, premature ventricular complex was noted. At post-exercise there was an increase of the amplitude of waves P, R, S and T, with P wave tending to become single in 35% of the animals and bifid positive in 65%, and with monophase positive T wave. There was a reduction in the duration of the waves, intervals and segments, and elongation of QTc, but the QRS complex hardly changed. The electrical axis in the frontal plane showed deviations to the right and to the left at rest, suggesting chamber enlargement and hypertrophy secondary to training, while after the exercise it showed extreme deviation to the right, indicating electrolyte imbalances. The average heart score was 128.45ms, which features the animals as athletes, being reduced to 118.60ms after exercise
