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Jerry Hionis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Nonparasitic Warlords and geographic distance
The Economics of Peace and Security Journal, 2015Co-Authors: Jerry HionisAbstract:The explicit consideration of geography in the conflict theory literature is still relatively rare. In this article, two Warlords are modeled as being located at opposing ends of a hypothetical line. The model includes variables denoting distance and difficulty of terrain. Each Warlord allocates resources to the extraction of natural resources, to the production of goods and services (hence, nonparasitic), and to conflict with the opposing Warlord. Two forms of a contest success function, a primary tool in the literature, are used to show that the Warlord closer to the point of conflict will invest less into the hiring of warriors and more into the production of goods and services, yet will win a larger proportion of total goods and services produced within the economy.
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Online supplement: Nonparasitic Warlords and geographic distance
The Economics of Peace and Security Journal, 2015Co-Authors: Jerry HionisAbstract:This is an online supplement for Jerry Hinois. “Nonparasitic Warlords and geographic distance.” Economics of Peace and Security Journal. Vol. 10, No. 1 (2015). doi:10.15355/epsj.10.1.5
Edward A Mccord - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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synarchy and the chinese people a plea for internationalization in Warlord china
Modern China, 2013Co-Authors: Edward A MccordAbstract:In the wake of a major mutiny by Warlord forces in 1921 that left much of the Yangzi port city of Yichang in ruins, a group of Chinese citizens appealed to the foreign diplomatic community to turn the city into a foreign concession under foreign protection. In a statement that seems shocking in the context of the burgeoning anti-imperialist sentiment that followed the May 4th incident of 1919, the petitioners concluded that if their wish was granted, “they would make no complaint, even if we become slaves without nationality.” This incident suggests that in at least some cases many Chinese did not hesitate to make common cause with the foreigners in their midst against a mutual threat. The article seeks to retrofit John King Fairbank’s concept of synarchy to explain how the Chinese people may have both perceived and negotiated the uneven and interpenetrated power relations of the central government, Warlord authorities, and foreign powers in the Republican era.
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cries that shake the earth military atrocities and popular protests in Warlord china
Modern China, 2005Co-Authors: Edward A MccordAbstract:This article examines a rare instance in China’s Warlord period when military officers were actually held accountable for military atrocities. These atrocities occurred in 1920, when retreating Northern troops pillaged and murdered their way through three Hunan counties before being forced to surrender to a Hunan army. A popular outcry immediately arose in Hunan to punish the officers for the crimes of their troops. Responding to this pressure, a Hunan military court ultimately sentenced two commanders and several other officers to death. Nonetheless, it was only the specter of possible political disorder, as protests escalated from angry press reports and petitions into actual street demonstrations by atrocity victims, that convinced Hunan’s new and relatively unstable provincial government to accede to these popular demands. The case therefore illuminates both the potential political power and limits of public opinion and popular protests in Republican China.
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Warlords against Warlordism: The Politics of Anti-Militarism in Early Twentieth-Century China
Modern Asian Studies, 1996Co-Authors: Edward A MccordAbstract:In a recent article published in theJournal of Military History, Arthur Waldron noted that war in Chinese history has been ‘treated at best as a largely unexamined context’. One has only to look at the cursory treatment given by most textbooks to the incessant civil wars of China's ‘Warlord’ period (usually dated from 1916 to 1926) to see the truth of this statement. In the above article, Waldron seeks to remedy some of this neglect by pointing out the important relationship in this period between war and the course of modern Chinese nationalism. Although less ambitious, this article also seeks to explore a more specific, yet also largely unexamined, aspect of this relationship, namely the emergence of anti-militarism, or more specifically anti-Warlordism, as a defining theme in modern Chinese nationalism.
Antonio Giustozzi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Empires of mud: wars and Warlords of Afghanistan
2020Co-Authors: Antonio GiustozziAbstract:Warlords, namely charismatic military leaders who exploit the weakness of central authorities to seize control of and autonomously rule a sub-national area, have earned much notoriety in recent years on account of the excesses of civil wars in Liberia, Somalia and Afghanistan. But notwithstanding their bad reputation, Warlords have often participated in state formation. In 'Empires of Mud' Giustozzi analyses the dynamics of Warlordism in Afghanistan within the context of such debates. He approaches this complex task by first analysing aspects of the Afghan environment that might have been conductive to the fragmentation of central authority and the emergence of Warlords and then accounts for the emergence of Warlordism in the 1980s and subsequently the lion's share of this book consists of an in-depth analysis of the systems of rule - political, economic, military - which developed under Afghanistan's two foremost Warlords, Ismail Khan and Abdul Rashid Dostum, both of whom still wield considerable power even after the intervention of Allied forces in Afghanistan in 2001. Their two systems are compared, highlighting convergences and divergences, in order to explain how Warlords administer the areas that they control within so-called 'failed states', in the process challenging much of the received wisdom in scholarly and policy circles about Warlordism. The author also discusses Ahmad Shah Massoud, whose 'system' incorporated elements of rule not dissimilar from that of the Warlords. Giustozzi concludes that although charismatic leaders play a key role in shaping the specific characteristics of each Warlord polity, there are some common elements that underlie the emergence of Warlordism. In particular, the role of local military leaders and their gradual acquisition of a form of 'class consciousness' appear to be key processes in allowing the formation of Warlord polities, while the latter have repeatedly shown the ability over time to evolve in to more sophisticated, state-like, or political party-like, structures.
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THE DEBATE ON WarlordISM: THE IMPORTANCE OF MILITARY LEGITIMACY
2005Co-Authors: Antonio GiustozziAbstract:Despite the careless use of the terms ' Warlord' and ' Warlordism' by the media, both have become increasingly popular among academics, even if some scholars object to their use. This paper draws on direct field experience as well as the ongoing debate. It aims, on the one hand, to reconcile the different perspectives - which are often not necessarily at odds with each other - and on the other hand, to propose a definition of 'Warlordism' for the social sciences that is both closer to that used so far by historians and at the same time consistent with emerging evidence from the field.
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RESPECTABLE WarlordS? THE POLITICS OF STATE-BUILDING IN POST-TALEBAN AFGHANISTAN
2003Co-Authors: Antonio GiustozziAbstract:The re-establishment of the Afghan state after the fall of the Taleban regime is proving a more complicated task than was originally expected. By mid-2003, press reports abounded about the resurgence of the Taleban, the permanence or even the strengthening of the Warlords and the lasting influence of Islamic fundamentalists. While there is no denying that progress in the first 18 months of the post-Taleban period was modest indeed, a picture of complete stagnation would be misleading. Hamid Karzai and his circle of pro-western allies within the transitional administration, who identify themselves as the bearers of the interests of the central state, have been carrying out a slow but steady confrontation with the main Warlords, trying to limit the Warlords’ power and increase their own. Because of Karzai group’s limited resources and the unwillingness of its international patrons to commit much of their own, this has not been an open confrontation. There have been no decisive clashes, rather an ongoing arm-twisting over the balance of power within the administration and within the state. The confrontation is far from over and the future role of the Warlords remains to be determined. Examining the background and the character of these Warlords therefore appears all the more urgent. Is it useful to assume that they share the same aims? Do they have the same potential?
L U Zhengliang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a study of the company registration system during china s northern Warlord period
Journal of Wuyi University, 2007Co-Authors: L U ZhengliangAbstract:At the beginning of the Republic of China period,the Northern Warlord government successively promulgated three regulations regulating company registration in order to adapt to economic development,thereby rationalizing the procedures and charges of registration.The government also attached great importance to the implementation of the regulations and achieved good results.The ever improving company registration system of the period met the commercial needs of national businessmen and promoted the development of the national economy at that time.
Matthias Meister - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Empires Of Mud Wars And Warlords In Afghanistan
2020Co-Authors: Matthias MeisterAbstract:empires of mud wars and Warlords in afghanistan is available in our book collection an online access to it is set as public so you can get it instantly. Our book servers hosts in multiple locations, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the empires of mud wars and Warlords in afghanistan is universally compatible with any devices to read.
