The Experts below are selected from a list of 122841 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Narendra Tuteja - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Unraveling the role of fungal symbionts in plant abiotic Stress Tolerance
Plant signaling & behavior, 2011Co-Authors: Lamabam Peter Singh, Sarvajeet Singh Gill, Narendra TutejaAbstract:Fungal symbionts have been found associated with every plant studied in natural ecosystem, where they colonize and reside entirely in the internal tissues of their host plant or partially. Fungal endophytes can express/form a range of different lifestyle/relationships with different host including symbiotic, mutualistic, commensalistic and parasitic in response to host genotype and environmental factors. In mutualistic association fungal endophyte can enhance growth, increase reproductive success and confer biotic and abiotic Stress Tolerance to its host plant. Since abiotic Stress such as, drought, high soil salinity, heat, cold, oxidative Stress, heavy metal toxicity is the common adverse environmental conditions that affect and limit crop productivity worldwide. It may be a promising alternative strategy to exploit fungal endophytes to overcome the limitations to crop production brought by abiotic Stress. There is increasing interest in developing the potential biotechnological applications of fungal endophytes for improving plant Stress Tolerance and sustainable production of food crops. Here we have described the fungal symbioses, fungal symbionts and their role in abiotic Stress Tolerance. A putative mechanism of Stress Tolerance by symbionts has also been covered.
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Overexpression of a pea DNA helicase 45 in bacteria confers salinity Stress Tolerance.
Plant signaling & behavior, 2011Co-Authors: Marjan M. Tajrishi, Neha Vaid, Renu Tuteja, Narendra TutejaAbstract:Salinity Stress is one of the major factors negatively affecting growth and productivity in living organisms including plants and bacteria resulting in significant losses worldwide. Therefore, it would be fruitful to develop salinity Stress tolerant useful species and also to understand the mechanism of Stress Tolerance. The pea DNA helicase 45 (PDH45) is a DNA and RNA helicase, homologous to eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A (eIF-4A) and is involved in various processes including protein synthesis, maintaining the basic activities of the cell, upregulation of topoisomerase I activity and salinity Stress Tolerance in plant, but its role in salinity Stress Tolerance in bacteria has not heretofore been studied. This study provides an evidence for a novel function of the PDH45 gene in high salinity (NaCl) Stress Tolerance in bacteria (Eschericia coli, BL21 cells) also. Furthermore, it has been shown that the functionally active PDH45 gene is required to show the Stress Tolerance in bacteria because the single mutants (E183G or R363Q) and the double mutant (E183G + R363Q) of the gene could not confer the same function. The response was specific to Na+ ions as the bacteria could not grow in presence of LiCl. This study suggests that the cellular response to high salinity Stress across prokaryotes and plant kingdom is conserved and also helps in our better understanding of mechanism of Stress Tolerance in bacteria and plants. It could also be very useful in developing high salinity Stress tolerant useful bacteria of agronomic importance. Overall, this study provides an evidence for a novel function of the PDH45 gene in high salinity Stress Tolerance in bacteria.
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Polyamines and abiotic Stress Tolerance in plants
Plant signaling & behavior, 2010Co-Authors: Sarvajeet Singh Gill, Narendra TutejaAbstract:Environmental Stresses including climate change, especially global warming, are severely affecting plant growth and productivity worldwide. It has been estimated that two-thirds of the yield potential of major crops are routinely lost due to the unfavorable environmental factors. On the other hand, the world population is estimated to reach about 10 billion by 2050, which will witness serious food shortages. Therefore, crops with enhanced vigour and high Tolerance to various environmental factors should be developed to feed the increasing world population. Maintaining crop yields under adverse environmental Stresses is probably the major challenge facing modern agriculture where polyamines can play important role. Polyamines (PAs)(putrescine, spermidine and spermine) are group of phytohormone-like aliphatic amine natural compounds with aliphatic nitrogen structure and present in almost all living organisms including plants. Evidences showed that polyamines are involved in many physiological processes, such as cell growth and development and respond to Stress Tolerance to various environmental factors. In many cases the relationship of plant Stress Tolerance was noted with the production of conjugated and bound polyamines as well as stimulation of polyamine oxidation. Therefore, genetic manipulation of crop plants with genes encoding enzymes of polyamine biosynthetic pathways may provide better Stress Tolerance to crop plants. Furthermore, the exogenous application of PAs is also another option for increasing the Stress Tolerance potential in plants. Here, we have described the synthesis and role of various polyamines in abiotic Stress Tolerance in plants.
Mohammad Sayyar Khan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Assessing Utilization and Environmental Risks of Important Genes in Plant Abiotic Stress Tolerance
Frontiers in plant science, 2016Co-Authors: Mohammad Sayyar Khan, Muhammad Adil Khan, Dawood AhmadAbstract:Transgenic plants with improved salt and drought Stress Tolerance have been developed with a large number of abiotic Stress-related genes. Among these, the most extensively used genes are the glycine betaine biosynthetic codA, the DREB transcription factors, and vacuolar membrane Na(+)/H(+) antiporters. The use of codA, DREBs, and Na(+)/H(+) antiporters in transgenic plants has conferred Stress Tolerance and improved plant phenotype. However, the future deployment and commercialization of these plants depend on their safety to the environment. Addressing environmental risk assessment is challenging since mechanisms governing abiotic Stress Tolerance are much more complex than that of insect resistance and herbicide Tolerance traits, which have been considered to date. Therefore, questions arise, whether abiotic Stress Tolerance genes need additional considerations and new measurements in risk assessment and, whether these genes would have effects on weediness and invasiveness potential of transgenic plants? While considering these concerns, the environmental risk assessment of abiotic Stress Tolerance genes would need to focus on the magnitude of Stress Tolerance, plant phenotype and characteristics of the potential receiving environment. In the present review, we discuss environmental concerns and likelihood of concerns associated with the use of abiotic Stress Tolerance genes. Based on our analysis, we conclude that the uses of these genes in domesticated crop plants are safe for the environment. Risk assessment, however, should be carefully conducted on biofeedstocks and perennial plants taking into account plant phenotype and the potential receiving environment.
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Future challenges in environmental risk assessment of transgenic plants with abiotic Stress Tolerance
Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Reviews, 2011Co-Authors: Mohammad Sayyar KhanAbstract:Environmental risk assessment of transgenic plants is a prerequisite to their release into the target environment for commercial use. Risk assessment of the first generation transgenic plants with simple monogenic traits has been carried out with principles and guidelines enlisted in the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety. For more complex traits such as abiotic Stress Tolerance, there is a growing need to examine for additional considerations in the risk assessment process based on the different nature of this trait. The salt Tolerance-inducingcodA gene is a representative of many abiotic Stress Tolerance genes that confer salt Stress Tolerance in transgenic plants. In comparison with simple monogenic Bt trait, the future challenge to environmental release of abiotic Stress Tolerance genes lies in the question whether these genes such as the salt Tolerance-inducing codA will need additional considerations in the risk assessment process?. In the present work, we discussed the nature of abiotic Stress Tolerance trait, environmental risk assessment issues and comparison of the risk assessment elements on Bt and salt Tolerance-inducing codA genes to examine needs for additional considerations in the risk assessment process. We concluded and recommended that the use of abiotic Stress Tolerance genes such as the salt Tolerance-inducing codA gene in transgenic plants does not need additional considerations in risk assessment. Key words: Transgenic plants, abiotic Stress Tolerance, environmental risk assessment, salt Tolerance-inducing codA.
Motoaki Seki - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Advances in chemical priming to enhance abiotic Stress Tolerance in plants.
Plant & cell physiology, 2020Co-Authors: Kaori Sako, Huong Mai Nguyen, Motoaki SekiAbstract:Abiotic Stress is considered a major factor limiting crop yield and quality. The development of effective strategies that mitigate abiotic Stress is essential for sustainable agriculture and food security, especially with continuing global population growth. Recent studies have demonstrated that exogenous treatment of plants with chemical compounds can enhance abiotic Stress Tolerance by inducing molecular and physiological defense mechanisms, a process known as chemical priming. Chemical priming is believed to represent a promising strategy for mitigating abiotic Stress in crop plants. Plants biosynthesize various compounds, such as phytohormones and other metabolites, to adapt to adverse environments. Research on artificially synthesized compounds has also resulted in the identification of novel compounds that improve abiotic Stress Tolerance. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of both naturally synthesized and artificial priming agents that have been shown to increase the abiotic Stress Tolerance of plants.
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The duration of ethanol-induced high-salinity Stress Tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana
Plant signaling & behavior, 2018Co-Authors: Kaori Sako, Yuji Sunaoshi, Maho Tanaka, Akihiro Matsui, Motoaki SekiAbstract:High-salinity Stress affects plant growth and crop yield, so the development of techniques to enhance plant Tolerance to such Stress is important. Recently, we revealed that ethanol enhances high-salinity Stress Tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana and rice by detoxifying Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). However, we did not investigate how long salt Stress Tolerance was maintained following treatment with ethanol. Therefore, we herein analyzed survival rates and expression levels of AtZAT12, which is a transcriptional factor of ROS detoxification enzymes, under different conditions in Arabidopsis. Our results showed that ethanol-mediated high-salinity Stress Tolerance was lost after a 24 h break in ethanol treatment in ~ 1-week-old plants. Although ethanol enhanced salt Stress Tolerance, high concentrations of ethanol negatively affected plant growth. Thus, these data support the idea that adjustments of the frequency and amount of ethanol application to plants is useful to enhance salt Stress Tolerance without growth inhibition in the agricultural field.
Manoj Bhatt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Transcriptional regulation of osmotic Stress Tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Plant Molecular Biology, 2018Co-Authors: Shabir H Wani, Prateek Tripathi, Abbu Zaid, Ghana S. Challa, Jyoti Upadhyay, Rohit Joshi, Anuj Kumar, Vinay Kumar, Manoj BhattAbstract:Key message The current review provides an updated, new insights into the regulation of transcription mediated underlying mechanisms of wheat plants to osmotic Stress perturbations. Abstract Osmotic Stress Tolerance mechanisms being complex are governed by multiple factors at physiological, biochemical and at the molecular level, hence approaches like “OMICS” that can underpin mechanisms behind osmotic Tolerance in wheat is of paramount importance. The transcription factors (TFs) are a class of molecular proteins, which are involved in regulation, modulation and orchestrating the responses of plants to a variety of environmental Stresses. Recent reports have provided novel insights on the role of TFs in osmotic Stress Tolerance via direct molecular links. However, our knowledge on the regulatory role TFs during osmotic Stress Tolerance in wheat remains limited. The present review in its first part sheds light on the importance of studying the role of osmotic Stress Tolerance in wheat plants and second aims to decipher molecular mechanisms of TFs belonging to several classes, including DREB, NAC, MYB, WRKY and bHLH , which have been reported to engage in osmotic Stress mediated gene expression in wheat and third part covers the systems biology approaches to understand the transcriptional regulation of osmotic Stress and the role of long non-coding RNAs in response to osmotic Stress with special emphasis on wheat. The current concept may lead to an understanding in molecular regulation and signalling interaction of TFs under osmotic Stress to clarify challenges and problems for devising potential strategies to improve complex regulatory events involved in plant Tolerance to osmotic Stress adaptive pathways in wheat.
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Application of Bioinformatics in Understanding of Plant Stress Tolerance
Plant Bioinformatics, 2017Co-Authors: Jyoti Upadhyay, Rohit Joshi, Manoj Bhatt, Balwant Singh, Abhishek Bohra, Roshni Vijayan, Sat Pal Singh Bisht, Shabir H WaniAbstract:Understanding the complex regulatory pathways of abiotic Stress Tolerance warrants in-depth study of a biological system. Recent emergence of the novel “-omics” technologies, such as genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, enables us to study and identify the genetic elements behind systems complexity. The major challenge in this genomics era is to store and handle staggering volume of information contained within the genome scaffolds or even within the transcriptomics data available for more plant species; it would not be an exaggeration to state that the bioinformatics has been efficiently integrated in the modern -omics research. Various bioinformatics softwares and tools like sequence analysis and similarity searching tools; genome sequencing tools; genome annotation tools; de novo genome assembly tools; transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome analysis; and visualization tools help us to analyze biological information providing novel insights into the organization of biological systems. This specific -omics knowledge could subsequently be harnessed to develop improved crop plants in terms of quality and productivity, showing enhanced level of abiotic Stress Tolerance and disease resistance. The bioinformatics in post-genomics era is revolutionizing the way experiments are designed in molecular biology, thus making substantial contributions in increasing scientific knowledge while adding new functionalities and perspectives to genetic engineering programs for enhancing Stress Tolerance.
Kemal Kazan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Diverse roles of jasmonates and ethylene in abiotic Stress Tolerance
Trends in Plant Science, 2015Co-Authors: Kemal KazanAbstract:Jasmonates (JAs) and ethylene (ET), often acting cooperatively, play essential roles in regulating plant defense against pests and pathogens. Recent research reviewed here has revealed mechanistic new insights into the mode of action of these hormones in plant abiotic Stress Tolerance. During cold Stress, JAs and ET differentially regulate the C-repeat binding factor (CBF) pathway. Major JA and ET signaling hubs such as JAZ proteins, CTR1, MYC2, components of the mediator complex, EIN2, EIN3, and several members of the AP2/ERF transcription factor gene family all have complex regulatory roles during abiotic Stress adaptation. Better understanding the roles of these phytohormones in plant abiotic Stress Tolerance will contribute to the development of crop plants tolerant to a wide range of Stressful environments.
