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David M Lodge - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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louisiana crayfish procambarus clarkii crustacea cambaridae in kenyan ponds non target effects of a potential biological control agent for schistosomiasis
African Journal of Aquatic Science, 2005Co-Authors: David M Lodge, Sadie K Rosenthal, K M Mavuti, Wairimu Muohi, Philip Ochieng, Samantha S Stevens, B N Mungai, Gerald M MkojiAbstract:The Louisiana crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) has been proposed as a biological control agent for the intermediate snail hosts (Bulinus and Biomphalaria spp.) of human schistosomes (Schistosoma haematobium and S. mansoni) in Kenya. Using laboratory and field experiments, we examined the potential non-target effects such introductions might have on native Kenyan aquatic biota. In an eight-week laboratory mesocosm experiment, crayfish decreased Water clarity and reduced populations of slow-moving, benthic invertebrates including non-target snails, chironomid larvae and oligochaetes. Similar declines in invertebrates occurred in an unreplicated 35-day whole-pond experiment. In addition, Water Lilies disappeared from the pond into which crayfish were introduced, while Water Lilies remained abundant in the pond without crayfish. Given the large impacts of crayfish on native invertebrate and macrophyte communities in our experiments, promotion of this crayfish as a biological control agent should not proceed wit...
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feeding preferences and performance of an aquatic lepidopteran on macrophytes plant hosts as food and habitat
Oecologia, 2001Co-Authors: Greg Cronin, Nathan J Dorn, David M LodgeAbstract:Although host preferences in phytophagous insects may be generated by several factors, few studies have simultaneously examined several potential host choice determinants. In this study we tested the impact of the following potential host choice determinants on host preference of the semi-aquatic lepidopteran Munroessa gyralis (Pyralidae): growth on different host plants; protein content, polyphenolic content, toughness, and chemical extracts of different host plants; prior feeding experience; and predation pressure on the caterpillar by fishes. Two Water Lilies, Brasenia schreberi and Nymphaea odorata, were preferred in cafeteria-style feeding experiments over 14 other species of vascular plants. The most preferred Water lily (Brasenia) also afforded the fastest growth relative to three other species on which growth was measured. Feeding preferences across species were unrelated to protein content, polyphenolic content, or toughness. Domiciles constructed by caterpillars from leaf fragments were protective from field assemblages of fishes, but domiciles made from preferred or unpreferred host species conferred no significant protection from fish in the laboratory. Caterpillars responded positively to chemical cues of Water Lilies, and prior feeding experience increased preference for an otherwise unpreferred Water lily (Nuphar advena) within the life-span of individual caterpillars. M. gyralis is a generalist herbivore exhibiting modest preference induction and preferences for and among members of the family Nymphaeaceae. Our results suggest that relative growth rates, chemical cues, and previous feeding experience are important factors determining feeding preference. Protein content, polyphenolic content, and toughness appear less important, and the importance of fish predators remains in question. As pupation seems to occur exclusively on Nymphaea, we suggest that host use may be restricted due to life-stage-specific developmental constraints that are not apparent from the results of growth or preference assays. It is currently unknown how often specific life-stages may restrict host use, but our work suggests this as a potentially important area of inquiry.
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comparative feeding selectivity of herbivorous insects on Water Lilies aquatic vs semi terrestrial insects and submersed vs floating leaves
Freshwater Biology, 1998Co-Authors: Greg Cronin, Katherine D. Wissing, David M LodgeAbstract:1. The rate of grazing damage experienced by submersed and floating leaves of Water Lilies (Nuphar variegata and Nymphaea odorata) was monitored in lakes in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, U.S.A. Herbivores damaged 0.2–1.7% of the leaf surface of Water Lilies per day. These grazing rates differed between plant species, between submersed and floating leaves, and between lakes. Some leaves had more than 60% of their surface damaged and an overall mean of 16% damage occurred during the 2–3 week monitoring period of this study. 2. Snapshot measurements of grazing damage on randomly collected submersed and floating leaves of Nuphar showed that submersed leaves were more damaged (11.0 ± 1.6%, n = 84) than floating leaves (3.8 ± 0.6%, n = 92). Overall, these 176 Nuphar leaves had 7.2% of their area damaged. 3. Five species of herbivorous insects were commonly found on Water Lilies (Nymphaeacea). One primarily aquatic insect (sensuNewman 1991), a caddisfly larva (Trichoptera: Limniphilidae), had a generalized diet of Water Lilies, other macrophytes, algae, and detritus. Four of the five insects were from primarily terrestrial insect groups (Coleoptera and Diptera;‘secondary invaders’, sensuNewman 1991) and consumed only Water Lilies in food preference experiments. 4. The feeding preferences of the generalist trichopteran were altered when the macrophytes were freeze-dried, ground into a powder, and reconstituted in an alginate gel. This suggests that plant structure may be an important feeding determinant for this insect. In contrast, a specialist weevil preferred its host plant in choice assays, regardless of whether fresh tissue or reconstituted macrophytes were used, suggesting this insect cued on a unique, non-structural property of its host plant. 5. These results suggest that herbivory on freshWater macrophytes is of a similar magnitude to that on terrestrial plants. The findings of this study are consistent with the hypothesis that herbivorous insects of primarily terrestrial groups have a narrower diet breadth than insects of primarily aquatic groups.
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Comparative feeding selectivity of herbivorous insects on Water Lilies: aquatic vs. semi‐terrestrial insects and submersed vs. floating leaves
Freshwater Biology, 1998Co-Authors: Greg Cronin, Katherine D. Wissing, David M LodgeAbstract:1. The rate of grazing damage experienced by submersed and floating leaves of Water Lilies (Nuphar variegata and Nymphaea odorata) was monitored in lakes in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, U.S.A. Herbivores damaged 0.2–1.7% of the leaf surface of Water Lilies per day. These grazing rates differed between plant species, between submersed and floating leaves, and between lakes. Some leaves had more than 60% of their surface damaged and an overall mean of 16% damage occurred during the 2–3 week monitoring period of this study. 2. Snapshot measurements of grazing damage on randomly collected submersed and floating leaves of Nuphar showed that submersed leaves were more damaged (11.0 ± 1.6%, n = 84) than floating leaves (3.8 ± 0.6%, n = 92). Overall, these 176 Nuphar leaves had 7.2% of their area damaged. 3. Five species of herbivorous insects were commonly found on Water Lilies (Nymphaeacea). One primarily aquatic insect (sensuNewman 1991), a caddisfly larva (Trichoptera: Limniphilidae), had a generalized diet of Water Lilies, other macrophytes, algae, and detritus. Four of the five insects were from primarily terrestrial insect groups (Coleoptera and Diptera;‘secondary invaders’, sensuNewman 1991) and consumed only Water Lilies in food preference experiments. 4. The feeding preferences of the generalist trichopteran were altered when the macrophytes were freeze-dried, ground into a powder, and reconstituted in an alginate gel. This suggests that plant structure may be an important feeding determinant for this insect. In contrast, a specialist weevil preferred its host plant in choice assays, regardless of whether fresh tissue or reconstituted macrophytes were used, suggesting this insect cued on a unique, non-structural property of its host plant. 5. These results suggest that herbivory on freshWater macrophytes is of a similar magnitude to that on terrestrial plants. The findings of this study are consistent with the hypothesis that herbivorous insects of primarily terrestrial groups have a narrower diet breadth than insects of primarily aquatic groups.
Armen Zakarian - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Total Synthesis of Unsymmetrically Oxidized Nuphar Thioalkaloids via Copper-Catalyzed Thiolane Assembly
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2017Co-Authors: Jacob J. Lacharity, Jeremy Fournier, Artur K. Mailyan, Aaron T. Herrmann, Armen ZakarianAbstract:An asymmetric total synthesis of (+)-6-hydroxythiobinupharidine (1b) and (−)-6-hydroxythionuphlutine (2b), a set of hemiaminal containing dimeric sesquiterpenes isolated from yellow Water Lilies of the Nuphar genus, is described. The central bis-spirocyclic tetrahydrothiophene ring was forged through the Stevens rearrangement of a sulfonium ylide, generated in situ from the coupling of a copper-carbene with a spirocyclic thietane. This strategy diverges both from the proposed biosynthesis1 and previous syntheses of this family of alkaloids,2,3 all of which employ dimerization of symmetric monomers to form the aforementioned thiaspirane. The coupling of unsymmetrical monomers allowed access to the unsymmetrically oxidized product 2b for the first time.
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Total Synthesis of Unsymmetrically Oxidized Nuphar Thioalkaloids via Copper-Catalyzed Thiolane Assembly
2017Co-Authors: Jacob J. Lacharity, Jeremy Fournier, Artur K. Mailyan, Aaron T. Herrmann, Armen ZakarianAbstract:An asymmetric total synthesis of (+)-6-hydroxythiobinupharidine (1b) and (−)-6-hydroxythionuphlutine (2b), a set of hemiaminal containing dimeric sesquiterpenes isolated from yellow Water Lilies of the Nuphar genus, is described. The central bis-spirocyclic tetrahydrothiophene ring was forged through the Stevens rearrangement of a sulfonium ylide, generated in situ from the coupling of a copper-carbene with a spirocyclic thietane. This strategy diverges both from the proposed biosynthesis and previous syntheses of this family of alkaloids,, all of which employ dimerization of symmetric monomers to form the aforementioned thiaspirane. The coupling of unsymmetrical monomers allowed access to the unsymmetrically oxidized product 2b for the first time
Else Marie Friis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Water Lilies, loss of woodiness, and model systems.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2020Co-Authors: Peter R. Crane, Else Marie FriisAbstract:The delicate necklace of threaded petals from the tomb of Rameses II, midnineteenth century glass houses built for the newly discovered Victoria amazonica , and Monet’s giant canvases in the Musee de l'Orangerie all testify to a deep human attraction to Water Lilies: beguiling plants with showy flowers that seem to arise nymph-like out of the mud. Like orchids, cacti, succulents, and carnivorous plants, Water Lilies have a dedicated band of horticulturalists devoted to growing and exploring their endless variety. The late nineteenth century craze for Water Lilies that attracted Monet was fueled by one such enthusiast, Joseph Bory Latour-Marliac (1), who developed hardy Water lily cultivars with dazzling new flower colors ranging from “delicate yellow to fuscia and deep red.” Nymphaea thermarum , the focus of the recent paper by Povilus et al. (2), is another unusual Water lily variant. The smallest Water lily known, N. thermarum was discovered and described in the late 1980s (3). Endemic to hot spring lakes in the Albertine Rift Valley of Rwanda, now, just a few decades after its discovery, it appears to be extinct in the wild (4, 5). Crucially, as recognized by Povilus et al. (2), it has a small genome, only about three times larger than that of the botanical model of choice, Arabidopsis. Povilus et al. (2) provide initial documentation of that genome and use it to explore the genomic correlates and evolutionary significance of an unusual Water lily trait, the complete loss of the vascular cambium that is responsible for the formation of woody tissues in almost all seed plants. Part of the interest in Water Lilies for Povilus et al. (2), and for contemporary plant science, flows from the phylogenetic position of Water Lilies in flowering plant (angiosperm) evolution. It has long been suspected that … [↵][1]1To whom correspondence may be addressed. Email: peter.crane{at}yale.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
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New home for tiny aquatics
Nature, 2007Co-Authors: Else Marie Friis, Peter CraneAbstract:The Hydatellaceae are small aquatic plants living modest lives away from the limelight, and conventionally assumed to be monocotyledonous flowering plants related to grasses. Now they have been subjected to the latest molecular techniques, and they turn out to be close relatives of basal angiosperms such as Water Lilies, increasing their importance immensely. They belong to a previously unrecognized lineage branching near the root of the angiosperms — a radical addition to the three deepest branches discovered in 1999 that rekindled interest amongst molecular biologists in the origin of angiosperms, what Darwin called an “abominable mystery”. A shake-up of current thinking about the evolution of the angiosperms — the flowering plants — is a consequence of the relocation of a hitherto obscure branch on the angiosperm evolutionary tree.
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Fossil evidence of Water Lilies (Nymphaeales) in the Early Cretaceous
Nature, 2001Co-Authors: Else Marie Friis, Kaj Raunsgaard Pedersen, Peter R. CraneAbstract:Phylogenetic analyses have identified the Water Lilies (Nymphaeales: Cabombaceae and Nymphaeaceae), together with four other small groups of flowering plants (the ‘ANITA clades’: Amborellaceae, Illiciales, Trimeniaceae, Austrobaileyaceae), as the first diverging lineages from the main branch of the angiosperm phylogenetic tree1,2,3,4, but evidence of these groups in the earliest phases of the angiosperm fossil record has remained elusive. Here we report the earliest unequivocal evidence, based on fossil floral structures and associated pollen, of fossil plants related to members of the ANITA clades. This extends the history of the Water Lilies (Nymphaeales) back to the Early Cretaceous (125–115 million years) and into the oldest fossil assemblages that contain unequivocal angiosperm stamens and carpels. This discovery adds to the growing congruence between results from molecular-based analyses of relationships among angiosperms and the palaeobotanical record. It is also consistent with previous observations that the flowers of early angiosperms were generally very small5 compared with those of their living relatives.
Greg Cronin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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feeding preferences and performance of an aquatic lepidopteran on macrophytes plant hosts as food and habitat
Oecologia, 2001Co-Authors: Greg Cronin, Nathan J Dorn, David M LodgeAbstract:Although host preferences in phytophagous insects may be generated by several factors, few studies have simultaneously examined several potential host choice determinants. In this study we tested the impact of the following potential host choice determinants on host preference of the semi-aquatic lepidopteran Munroessa gyralis (Pyralidae): growth on different host plants; protein content, polyphenolic content, toughness, and chemical extracts of different host plants; prior feeding experience; and predation pressure on the caterpillar by fishes. Two Water Lilies, Brasenia schreberi and Nymphaea odorata, were preferred in cafeteria-style feeding experiments over 14 other species of vascular plants. The most preferred Water lily (Brasenia) also afforded the fastest growth relative to three other species on which growth was measured. Feeding preferences across species were unrelated to protein content, polyphenolic content, or toughness. Domiciles constructed by caterpillars from leaf fragments were protective from field assemblages of fishes, but domiciles made from preferred or unpreferred host species conferred no significant protection from fish in the laboratory. Caterpillars responded positively to chemical cues of Water Lilies, and prior feeding experience increased preference for an otherwise unpreferred Water lily (Nuphar advena) within the life-span of individual caterpillars. M. gyralis is a generalist herbivore exhibiting modest preference induction and preferences for and among members of the family Nymphaeaceae. Our results suggest that relative growth rates, chemical cues, and previous feeding experience are important factors determining feeding preference. Protein content, polyphenolic content, and toughness appear less important, and the importance of fish predators remains in question. As pupation seems to occur exclusively on Nymphaea, we suggest that host use may be restricted due to life-stage-specific developmental constraints that are not apparent from the results of growth or preference assays. It is currently unknown how often specific life-stages may restrict host use, but our work suggests this as a potentially important area of inquiry.
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comparative feeding selectivity of herbivorous insects on Water Lilies aquatic vs semi terrestrial insects and submersed vs floating leaves
Freshwater Biology, 1998Co-Authors: Greg Cronin, Katherine D. Wissing, David M LodgeAbstract:1. The rate of grazing damage experienced by submersed and floating leaves of Water Lilies (Nuphar variegata and Nymphaea odorata) was monitored in lakes in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, U.S.A. Herbivores damaged 0.2–1.7% of the leaf surface of Water Lilies per day. These grazing rates differed between plant species, between submersed and floating leaves, and between lakes. Some leaves had more than 60% of their surface damaged and an overall mean of 16% damage occurred during the 2–3 week monitoring period of this study. 2. Snapshot measurements of grazing damage on randomly collected submersed and floating leaves of Nuphar showed that submersed leaves were more damaged (11.0 ± 1.6%, n = 84) than floating leaves (3.8 ± 0.6%, n = 92). Overall, these 176 Nuphar leaves had 7.2% of their area damaged. 3. Five species of herbivorous insects were commonly found on Water Lilies (Nymphaeacea). One primarily aquatic insect (sensuNewman 1991), a caddisfly larva (Trichoptera: Limniphilidae), had a generalized diet of Water Lilies, other macrophytes, algae, and detritus. Four of the five insects were from primarily terrestrial insect groups (Coleoptera and Diptera;‘secondary invaders’, sensuNewman 1991) and consumed only Water Lilies in food preference experiments. 4. The feeding preferences of the generalist trichopteran were altered when the macrophytes were freeze-dried, ground into a powder, and reconstituted in an alginate gel. This suggests that plant structure may be an important feeding determinant for this insect. In contrast, a specialist weevil preferred its host plant in choice assays, regardless of whether fresh tissue or reconstituted macrophytes were used, suggesting this insect cued on a unique, non-structural property of its host plant. 5. These results suggest that herbivory on freshWater macrophytes is of a similar magnitude to that on terrestrial plants. The findings of this study are consistent with the hypothesis that herbivorous insects of primarily terrestrial groups have a narrower diet breadth than insects of primarily aquatic groups.
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Comparative feeding selectivity of herbivorous insects on Water Lilies: aquatic vs. semi‐terrestrial insects and submersed vs. floating leaves
Freshwater Biology, 1998Co-Authors: Greg Cronin, Katherine D. Wissing, David M LodgeAbstract:1. The rate of grazing damage experienced by submersed and floating leaves of Water Lilies (Nuphar variegata and Nymphaea odorata) was monitored in lakes in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, U.S.A. Herbivores damaged 0.2–1.7% of the leaf surface of Water Lilies per day. These grazing rates differed between plant species, between submersed and floating leaves, and between lakes. Some leaves had more than 60% of their surface damaged and an overall mean of 16% damage occurred during the 2–3 week monitoring period of this study. 2. Snapshot measurements of grazing damage on randomly collected submersed and floating leaves of Nuphar showed that submersed leaves were more damaged (11.0 ± 1.6%, n = 84) than floating leaves (3.8 ± 0.6%, n = 92). Overall, these 176 Nuphar leaves had 7.2% of their area damaged. 3. Five species of herbivorous insects were commonly found on Water Lilies (Nymphaeacea). One primarily aquatic insect (sensuNewman 1991), a caddisfly larva (Trichoptera: Limniphilidae), had a generalized diet of Water Lilies, other macrophytes, algae, and detritus. Four of the five insects were from primarily terrestrial insect groups (Coleoptera and Diptera;‘secondary invaders’, sensuNewman 1991) and consumed only Water Lilies in food preference experiments. 4. The feeding preferences of the generalist trichopteran were altered when the macrophytes were freeze-dried, ground into a powder, and reconstituted in an alginate gel. This suggests that plant structure may be an important feeding determinant for this insect. In contrast, a specialist weevil preferred its host plant in choice assays, regardless of whether fresh tissue or reconstituted macrophytes were used, suggesting this insect cued on a unique, non-structural property of its host plant. 5. These results suggest that herbivory on freshWater macrophytes is of a similar magnitude to that on terrestrial plants. The findings of this study are consistent with the hypothesis that herbivorous insects of primarily terrestrial groups have a narrower diet breadth than insects of primarily aquatic groups.
Peter R. Crane - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Water Lilies, loss of woodiness, and model systems.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2020Co-Authors: Peter R. Crane, Else Marie FriisAbstract:The delicate necklace of threaded petals from the tomb of Rameses II, midnineteenth century glass houses built for the newly discovered Victoria amazonica , and Monet’s giant canvases in the Musee de l'Orangerie all testify to a deep human attraction to Water Lilies: beguiling plants with showy flowers that seem to arise nymph-like out of the mud. Like orchids, cacti, succulents, and carnivorous plants, Water Lilies have a dedicated band of horticulturalists devoted to growing and exploring their endless variety. The late nineteenth century craze for Water Lilies that attracted Monet was fueled by one such enthusiast, Joseph Bory Latour-Marliac (1), who developed hardy Water lily cultivars with dazzling new flower colors ranging from “delicate yellow to fuscia and deep red.” Nymphaea thermarum , the focus of the recent paper by Povilus et al. (2), is another unusual Water lily variant. The smallest Water lily known, N. thermarum was discovered and described in the late 1980s (3). Endemic to hot spring lakes in the Albertine Rift Valley of Rwanda, now, just a few decades after its discovery, it appears to be extinct in the wild (4, 5). Crucially, as recognized by Povilus et al. (2), it has a small genome, only about three times larger than that of the botanical model of choice, Arabidopsis. Povilus et al. (2) provide initial documentation of that genome and use it to explore the genomic correlates and evolutionary significance of an unusual Water lily trait, the complete loss of the vascular cambium that is responsible for the formation of woody tissues in almost all seed plants. Part of the interest in Water Lilies for Povilus et al. (2), and for contemporary plant science, flows from the phylogenetic position of Water Lilies in flowering plant (angiosperm) evolution. It has long been suspected that … [↵][1]1To whom correspondence may be addressed. Email: peter.crane{at}yale.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
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Fossil evidence of Water Lilies (Nymphaeales) in the Early Cretaceous
Nature, 2001Co-Authors: Else Marie Friis, Kaj Raunsgaard Pedersen, Peter R. CraneAbstract:Phylogenetic analyses have identified the Water Lilies (Nymphaeales: Cabombaceae and Nymphaeaceae), together with four other small groups of flowering plants (the ‘ANITA clades’: Amborellaceae, Illiciales, Trimeniaceae, Austrobaileyaceae), as the first diverging lineages from the main branch of the angiosperm phylogenetic tree1,2,3,4, but evidence of these groups in the earliest phases of the angiosperm fossil record has remained elusive. Here we report the earliest unequivocal evidence, based on fossil floral structures and associated pollen, of fossil plants related to members of the ANITA clades. This extends the history of the Water Lilies (Nymphaeales) back to the Early Cretaceous (125–115 million years) and into the oldest fossil assemblages that contain unequivocal angiosperm stamens and carpels. This discovery adds to the growing congruence between results from molecular-based analyses of relationships among angiosperms and the palaeobotanical record. It is also consistent with previous observations that the flowers of early angiosperms were generally very small5 compared with those of their living relatives.
