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Emanuele Quaranta - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the repowering of vertical axis Water mills preserving their cultural heritage techno economic analysis with Water Wheels and turgo turbines
Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development, 2021Co-Authors: Emanuele Quaranta, Toni Pujol, Maria Carmela GranoAbstract:The paper presents a techno-economic analysis of the electromechanical equipment of traditional vertical axis Water mills (VAWMs) to help investors, mill owners and engineers to preliminary estimate related benefits and costs of a VAWM repowering.,Two sustainable repowering solutions were examined with the additional aim to preserve the original status and aesthetics of a VAWM: the use of a vertical axis Water wheel (VAWW) and a vertical axis impulse turbine. The analysis was applied to a database of 714 VAWMs in Basilicata (Italy), with known head and flow.,Expeditious equations were proposed for both solutions to determine: (1) a suitable diameter as a function of the flow rate; (2) the costs of the electromechanical equipment; (3) achievable power. The common operating hydraulic range of a VAWM (head and flow) was also identified. Reality checks on the obtained results are shown, in particular by examining two Spanish case studies and the available literature. The power generated by the impulse turbine (Turgo type) is twice that of a VAWW, but it is one order of magnitude more expensive. Therefore, the impulse turbine should be used for higher power requirements (>3 kW), or when the electricity is delivered to the grid, maximizing the long-term profit.,Since there is not enough evidence about the achievable performance and cost of a VAWM repowering, this work provides expeditious tools for their evaluation.
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sustainability assessment of hydropower Water Wheels with downstream migrating fish and blade strike modelling
Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 2021Co-Authors: Emanuele Quaranta, Christian WolterAbstract:Abstract Water Wheels are low head hydropower converters considered fish friendly, although their ecological behavior has not been scientifically assessed. The results presented in the available reports are not generalized (thus hardly applicable in engineering applications), and they have not been performed at different hydraulic conditions or wheel characteristics. This work reviews available information on the ecological performance of Water Wheels to define the state of the art. To generalize and interpret results, a blade-strike theoretical model is developed and calibrated on field tests conducted in Germany on ten Water Wheels, that represent the most systematic and comprehensive series of tests. The dimensionless time T* (ratio between time needed for a fish of a certain size to access the bucket and the time for filling the bucket) and the geometric-hydraulic parameter α were identified as key parameters to estimate the ecological behavior of horizontal axis Water Wheels. The average injury likelihood induced by the blade strike on fish was 0.34% and 3.56% for T* 1, respectively, while the average mortality likelihood is 29% of the injury likelihood for T* 1, corresponding to a fish mortality rate of 0.10% and 0.94%, respectively. The concept of T* was applied to a dataset of Water Wheels in operation to estimate their compatibility with fish passage.
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optimization of undershot Water Wheels in very low and variable flow rate applications
Journal of Hydraulic Research, 2020Co-Authors: Emanuele Quaranta, Gerald MullerAbstract:Undershot Water Wheels are hydropower converters for head differences between 0.5 and 1.5 m. The Zuppinger and Sagebien types are the most used and efficient. Optimal rotational speeds depend on th...
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estimation of the permanent weight load of Water Wheels for civil engineering and hydropower applications and dataset collection
Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 2020Co-Authors: Emanuele QuarantaAbstract:Abstract Water Wheels are hydropower converters installed in sites with heads typically below 6 m. Due to their low environmental impacts and costs, Water Wheels are sustainable technologies. The estimation of their weight is essential to quantify construction and transportation costs, and the load on the ground. The weight estimation of a Water wheel is the aim of the present study. A short-cut equation, relating the wheel weight to head and flow rate, is derived by collecting and analysing a database of existing Water Wheels. A qualitative comparison with analogous equations for Kaplan and Francis turbines is shown, illustrating the similarity between Water Wheels and Francis turbines. The proposed equations can be used in civil engineering applications to estimate the permanent load of a Water wheel, while the collected database can be used for elaborations and validations in future researches and projects.
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Performance Optimization of Overshot Water Wheels at High Rotational Speeds for Hydropower Applications
Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2020Co-Authors: Emanuele Quaranta, Roberto RevelliAbstract:AbstractOvershot Water Wheels are hydropower converters generally employed for head differences up to 6 m and maximum flow rates of 150−200 L/s per meter width. The maximum hydraulic efficiency (8...
Roberto Revelli - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Performance Optimization of Overshot Water Wheels at High Rotational Speeds for Hydropower Applications
Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2020Co-Authors: Emanuele Quaranta, Roberto RevelliAbstract:AbstractOvershot Water Wheels are hydropower converters generally employed for head differences up to 6 m and maximum flow rates of 150−200 L/s per meter width. The maximum hydraulic efficiency (8...
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Functional Analysis of Piedmont (Italy) Ancient Water Mills Aimed at Their Recovery or Reconversion
'MDPI AG', 2019Co-Authors: Walter Franco, Carlo Ferraresi, Roberto RevelliAbstract:Since ancient times and for hundreds of years, grain mills, hammers, sawmills, spinning mills, and hemp rollers have been powered by Water Wheels. In the nineteenth century there were hundreds of thousands of mills in all of Europe. It is an enormous historical and cultural heritage of inestimable value, which is for the most part, abandoned today. Recently, there is a renewed interest in their reuse, both for their widespread diffusion in the territory and for the excellent environmental integration and intrinsic sustainability. Even when, for economic reasons, their recovery for the original tasks is not suitable, the conversion into mini plants for the production of electricity can be advantageous. In the paper, analyzing some typical examples of the old Water mill of the Piemonte region, in North-West of Italy, the mechanical architecture of old Water mill, from Water Wheels to millstones, is described and the functional details of various mechanisms are provided. In fact, by knowing only the specifics of the ancient mills, it is possible to enhance their potential and restore them from the perspective of a renewed high quality production, or reconvert them in mini-plants for the production of electricity
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gravity Water Wheels as a micro hydropower energy source a review based on historic data design methods efficiencies and modern optimizations
Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2018Co-Authors: Emanuele Quaranta, Roberto RevelliAbstract:Abstract Nowadays, due to the need for clean energy and sustainable electricity production, hydropower plays a central role in satisfying the energy demand. Particularly, use of low head micro hydropower plants is spreading worldwide, due to their low payback periods and good environmental sustainability. Gravity Water Wheels are micro hydropower converters typically used in sites with heads less than 6 m and discharges of a few cubic meters per second. Although Water Wheels were scientifically investigated as far back as the eighteenth century, they were largely ignored throughout the twentieth century, and only in the last two decades has there been a renewed interest in their use among the scientific community. In this paper a review on gravity Water Wheels is presented, distinguishing between undershot, breastshot and overshot Water Wheels. Water Wheels technology is discussed focusing on geometric and hydraulic design; data and engineering equations found in historic books of the nineteenth century are also presented. Water Wheels' performance is described examining experimental results, and modern theoretical models for efficiency estimation are presented. Finally, results achieved through experiments and numerical simulations were discussed with the aim of optimizing the performance of gravity Water Wheels. The results showed that maximum efficiency of overshot and undershot Water Wheels was around 85%, while that of breastshot Water Wheels ranged from 75% to 80%, depending on inflow configuration. Maximum efficiency of modern Water Wheels can be maintained at such high values over a wider range of flow rates and hydraulic conditions with respect to older installations. Hence well designed Water Wheels can be considered as efficient and cost-effective micro hydropower converters.
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cfd simulations to optimize the blade design of Water Wheels
Drinking Water Engineering and Science, 2017Co-Authors: Emanuele Quaranta, Roberto RevelliAbstract:Abstract. At low head sites and at low discharges, Water Wheels can be considered among the most convenient hydropower converters to install. The aim of this work is to improve the performance of an existing breastshot Water wheel by changing the blade shape using computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations. Three optimal profiles are investigated: the profile of the existing blades, a circular profile and an elliptical profile. The results are validated by performing experimental tests on the wheel with the existing profile. The numerical results show that the efficiency of breastshot Wheels is affected by the blade profile. The average increase in efficiency using the new circular profile is about 4 % with respect to the profile of the existing blades.
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hydraulic behavior and performance of breastshot Water Wheels for different numbers of blades
Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2017Co-Authors: Emanuele Quaranta, Roberto RevelliAbstract:AbstractThanks to their efficiency and simplicity of contruction, breastshot Water Wheels represent an attractive low head hydropower converter. In this work, a breastshot wheel is investigated by numerical simulations, and the results are validated with experimental tests. The average discrepancy between the numerical shaft torque and the experimental torque is lower than 5%. The numerical model is then used to investigate the performance and the hydraulic behavior of the wheel for different numbers of blades (16, 32, 48, and 64 blades) and at different hydraulic conditions. The increase in efficiency from 16 blades to the optimal blades number ranges between 12 to 16% in function of the hydraulic conditions. Empirical laws are also reported to quantify the improvement in efficiency with the blades number. These laws can support the design process of similar breastshot Water Wheels. The optimal blades number for this kind of wheel is identified in 48.
Robert A Van Gorder - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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chaos in a non autonomous nonlinear system describing asymmetric Water Wheels
Nonlinear Dynamics, 2018Co-Authors: Ashish Bhatt, Robert A Van GorderAbstract:We derive a Water wheel model from first principles under the assumption of an asymmetric Water wheel for which the Water inflow rate is in general unsteady (modeled by an arbitrary function of time). Our model allows one to recover the asymmetric Water wheel with steady flow rate, as well as the symmetric Water wheel, as special cases. Under physically reasonable assumptions, we then reduce the underlying model into a non-autonomous nonlinear system. In order to determine parameter regimes giving chaotic dynamics in this non-autonomous nonlinear system, we consider an application of competitive modes analysis. In order to apply this method to a non-autonomous system, we are required to generalize the competitive modes analysis so that it is applicable to non-autonomous systems. The non-autonomous nonlinear Water wheel model is shown to satisfy competitive modes conditions for chaos in certain parameter regimes, and we employ the obtained parameter regimes to construct the chaotic attractors. As anticipated, the asymmetric unsteady Water wheel exhibits more disorder than does the asymmetric steady Water wheel, which in turn is less regular than the symmetric steady state Water wheel. Our results suggest that chaos should be fairly ubiquitous in the asymmetric Water wheel model with unsteady inflow of Water.
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chaos in a non autonomous nonlinear system describing asymmetric Water Wheels
arXiv: Dynamical Systems, 2017Co-Authors: Ashish Bhatt, Robert A Van GorderAbstract:We use physical principles to derive a Water wheel model under the assumption of an asymmetric Water wheel for which the Water inflow rate is in general unsteady (modeled by an arbitrary function of time). Our model allows one to recover the asymmetric Water wheel with steady flow rate, as well as the symmetric Water wheel, as special cases. Under physically reasonable assumptions we then reduce the underlying model into a non-autonomous nonlinear system. In order to determine parameter regimes giving chaotic dynamics in this non-autonomous nonlinear system, we consider an application of competitive modes analysis. In order to apply this method to a non-autonomous system, we are required to generalize the competitive modes analysis so that it is applicable to non-autonomous systems. The non-autonomous nonlinear Water wheel model is shown to satisfy competitive modes conditions for chaos in certain parameter regimes, and we employ the obtained parameter regimes to construct the chaotic attractors. As anticipated, the asymmetric unsteady Water wheel exhibits more disorder than does the asymmetric steady Water wheel, which in turn is less regular than the symmetric steady state Water wheel. Our results suggest that chaos should be fairly ubiquitous in the asymmetric Water wheel model with unsteady inflow of Water.
Chen Zhiyuan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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ultraviolet ray tap Water disinfection device
2016Co-Authors: Chen ZhiyuanAbstract:The utility model discloses an ultraviolet ray tap Water disinfection device, it contains one and is used for the montage at the body of tap or Water pipe, and the body has a rivers passageway, one sets up the power generation facility in the rivers passageway, and power generation facility has a rotatable pivot, and one combines the Water Wheels in the pivot, and one combines the permanent magnet in the pivot, and one sets up the coil module at two sides of permanent magnet or two ends, and an ultraviolet light emitting module that is arranged in the rivers passageway, ultraviolet light emitting module has a circuit board, and more than one sets up the ultraviolet LED bulb on the circuit board. Therefore, the utility model discloses usable rivers promotion Water Wheels, Water Wheels drive permanent magnet again and rotate for the coil module, and then produce electric power and supply with ultraviolet light emitting module, make ultraviolet LED bulb send the Water that the convection current of ultraviolet linear light passes through and carry out the sterilization.
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ultraviolet ray tap Water disinfection device
2016Co-Authors: Chen ZhiyuanAbstract:The utility model discloses an ultraviolet ray tap Water disinfection device, it contains one and is used for the montage at the body of tap or Water pipe, and the body has a rivers passageway, one sets up the power generation facility in the rivers passageway, and power generation facility has a rotatable pivot, and one combines the Water Wheels in the pivot, and one combines the permanent magnet in the pivot, and one sets up the coil module at two sides of permanent magnet or two ends, and an ultraviolet light emitting module that is arranged in the rivers passageway, ultraviolet light emitting module has a circuit board, and more than one sets up the ultraviolet LED bulb on the circuit board. Therefore, the utility model discloses usable rivers promotion Water Wheels, Water Wheels drive permanent magnet again and rotate for the coil module, and then produce electric power and supply with ultraviolet light emitting module, make ultraviolet LED bulb send the Water that the convection current of ultraviolet linear light passes through and carry out the sterilization.
Ashish Bhatt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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chaos in a non autonomous nonlinear system describing asymmetric Water Wheels
Nonlinear Dynamics, 2018Co-Authors: Ashish Bhatt, Robert A Van GorderAbstract:We derive a Water wheel model from first principles under the assumption of an asymmetric Water wheel for which the Water inflow rate is in general unsteady (modeled by an arbitrary function of time). Our model allows one to recover the asymmetric Water wheel with steady flow rate, as well as the symmetric Water wheel, as special cases. Under physically reasonable assumptions, we then reduce the underlying model into a non-autonomous nonlinear system. In order to determine parameter regimes giving chaotic dynamics in this non-autonomous nonlinear system, we consider an application of competitive modes analysis. In order to apply this method to a non-autonomous system, we are required to generalize the competitive modes analysis so that it is applicable to non-autonomous systems. The non-autonomous nonlinear Water wheel model is shown to satisfy competitive modes conditions for chaos in certain parameter regimes, and we employ the obtained parameter regimes to construct the chaotic attractors. As anticipated, the asymmetric unsteady Water wheel exhibits more disorder than does the asymmetric steady Water wheel, which in turn is less regular than the symmetric steady state Water wheel. Our results suggest that chaos should be fairly ubiquitous in the asymmetric Water wheel model with unsteady inflow of Water.
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chaos in a non autonomous nonlinear system describing asymmetric Water Wheels
arXiv: Dynamical Systems, 2017Co-Authors: Ashish Bhatt, Robert A Van GorderAbstract:We use physical principles to derive a Water wheel model under the assumption of an asymmetric Water wheel for which the Water inflow rate is in general unsteady (modeled by an arbitrary function of time). Our model allows one to recover the asymmetric Water wheel with steady flow rate, as well as the symmetric Water wheel, as special cases. Under physically reasonable assumptions we then reduce the underlying model into a non-autonomous nonlinear system. In order to determine parameter regimes giving chaotic dynamics in this non-autonomous nonlinear system, we consider an application of competitive modes analysis. In order to apply this method to a non-autonomous system, we are required to generalize the competitive modes analysis so that it is applicable to non-autonomous systems. The non-autonomous nonlinear Water wheel model is shown to satisfy competitive modes conditions for chaos in certain parameter regimes, and we employ the obtained parameter regimes to construct the chaotic attractors. As anticipated, the asymmetric unsteady Water wheel exhibits more disorder than does the asymmetric steady Water wheel, which in turn is less regular than the symmetric steady state Water wheel. Our results suggest that chaos should be fairly ubiquitous in the asymmetric Water wheel model with unsteady inflow of Water.
