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Athanasios A. Koutinas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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olive oil oleogel formulation using Wax Esters derived from soybean fatty acid distillate
Biomolecules, 2020Co-Authors: Aikaterini Papadaki, Denise M G Freire, Nikolaos Kopsahelis, Ioanna Mandala, Athanasios A. KoutinasAbstract:Oleogelation is an emerging technology to structure oils, which can be widely used to substitute saturated and trans fats. Extra virgin olive oil is widely recognized for its high nutritional value, but its utilization in oleogel production is currently limited. In this study, extra virgin olive oil was utilized for the production of a novel oleogel using Wax Esters derived from soybean fatty acid distillate (SFAD), a byproduct of industrial soybean oil refining. Different concentrations (7%, 10%, 20%, w/w) of SFAD-Wax Esters were used to evaluate the minimum concentration requirement to achieve oleogelation. Analyses of the mechanical properties of oleogel showed a firmness of 3.8 N, which was then reduced to around 2.1–2.5 N during a storage period of 30 days at 4 °C. Rheological analysis demonstrated that G′ is higher than G″ at 20–27 °C, which confirms the solid properties of the oleogel at this temperature range. Results showed that SFAD was successfully utilized for the oleogelation of olive oil, resulting in a novel oleogel with desirable properties for food applications. This study showed that industrial fatty side streams could be reused for the production of value-added oleogels with novel food applications.
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enzymatic synthesis of bio based Wax Esters from palm and soybean fatty acids using crude lipases produced on agricultural residues
Industrial Crops and Products, 2019Co-Authors: Erika C.g. Aguieiras, Athanasios Mallouchos, Denise M G Freire, Aikaterini Papadaki, Ioanna Mandala, Homero Sousa, Athanasios A. KoutinasAbstract:Abstract The increased demand for the consumption of vegetable oils has led to the generation of high quantities of by-products, such as palm and soybean fatty acid distillates (PFAD, SFAD), as a result of the refining process. In this study PFAD and SFAD were used as raw materials for the enzymatic production of Wax Esters in a solvent-free system. A fungal crude lipase was produced by solid state fermentation using babassu cake as substrate and then fermented solids were used as biocatalyst for Wax Esters synthesis using cetyl and oleyl alcohols. The highest Wax Esters production of 80% was achieved for the SFAD-cetyl, SFAD-oleyl and PFAD-oleyl Esters using 8.8 U/g of biocatalyst at 50 °C. The proposed biocatalysis could be economically feasible since the crude lipase was efficiently reused for up to five repeated batch reactions. The physicochemical properties of the Wax Esters were also studied. Differential scanning calorimetry and the determination of acid, iodine and saponification values showed that the Wax Esters have similar properties to natural Waxes. This study demonstrated the valorization of by-products from vegetable oil production processes as an alternative feedstock for the synthesis of bio-based Wax Esters with potential use in food, cosmetics and chemical applications.
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Production of Wax Esters via microbial oil synthesis from food industry waste and by-product streams
Bioresource Technology, 2017Co-Authors: Aikaterini Papadaki, Maria Nefeli Efthymiou, Chryssavgi Gardeli, Erika C.g. Aguieiras, Athanasios Mallouchos, Denise M G Freire, Nikolaos Kopsahelis, Seraphim Papanikolaou, Athanasios A. KoutinasAbstract:The production of Wax Esters using microbial oils was demonstrated in this study. Microbial oils produced from food waste and by-product streams by three oleaginous yeasts were converted into Wax Esters via enzymatic catalysis. Palm oil was initially used to evaluate the influence of temperature and enzyme activity on Wax ester synthesis catalysed by Novozyme 435 and Lipozyme lipases using cetyl, oleyl and behenyl alcohols. The highest conversion yields (up to 79.6%) were achieved using 4 U/g of Novozyme 435 at 70 °C. Transesterification of microbial oils to behenyl and cetyl Esters was achieved at conversion yields up to 87.3% and 69.1%, respectively. Novozyme 435 was efficiently reused for six and three cycles during palm Esters and microbial Esters synthesis, respectively. The physicochemical properties of microbial oil derived behenyl Esters were comparable to natural Waxes. Wax Esters from microbial oils have potential applications in cosmetics, chemical and food industries.
Aikaterini Papadaki - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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olive oil oleogel formulation using Wax Esters derived from soybean fatty acid distillate
Biomolecules, 2020Co-Authors: Aikaterini Papadaki, Denise M G Freire, Nikolaos Kopsahelis, Ioanna Mandala, Athanasios A. KoutinasAbstract:Oleogelation is an emerging technology to structure oils, which can be widely used to substitute saturated and trans fats. Extra virgin olive oil is widely recognized for its high nutritional value, but its utilization in oleogel production is currently limited. In this study, extra virgin olive oil was utilized for the production of a novel oleogel using Wax Esters derived from soybean fatty acid distillate (SFAD), a byproduct of industrial soybean oil refining. Different concentrations (7%, 10%, 20%, w/w) of SFAD-Wax Esters were used to evaluate the minimum concentration requirement to achieve oleogelation. Analyses of the mechanical properties of oleogel showed a firmness of 3.8 N, which was then reduced to around 2.1–2.5 N during a storage period of 30 days at 4 °C. Rheological analysis demonstrated that G′ is higher than G″ at 20–27 °C, which confirms the solid properties of the oleogel at this temperature range. Results showed that SFAD was successfully utilized for the oleogelation of olive oil, resulting in a novel oleogel with desirable properties for food applications. This study showed that industrial fatty side streams could be reused for the production of value-added oleogels with novel food applications.
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enzymatic synthesis of bio based Wax Esters from palm and soybean fatty acids using crude lipases produced on agricultural residues
Industrial Crops and Products, 2019Co-Authors: Erika C.g. Aguieiras, Athanasios Mallouchos, Denise M G Freire, Aikaterini Papadaki, Ioanna Mandala, Homero Sousa, Athanasios A. KoutinasAbstract:Abstract The increased demand for the consumption of vegetable oils has led to the generation of high quantities of by-products, such as palm and soybean fatty acid distillates (PFAD, SFAD), as a result of the refining process. In this study PFAD and SFAD were used as raw materials for the enzymatic production of Wax Esters in a solvent-free system. A fungal crude lipase was produced by solid state fermentation using babassu cake as substrate and then fermented solids were used as biocatalyst for Wax Esters synthesis using cetyl and oleyl alcohols. The highest Wax Esters production of 80% was achieved for the SFAD-cetyl, SFAD-oleyl and PFAD-oleyl Esters using 8.8 U/g of biocatalyst at 50 °C. The proposed biocatalysis could be economically feasible since the crude lipase was efficiently reused for up to five repeated batch reactions. The physicochemical properties of the Wax Esters were also studied. Differential scanning calorimetry and the determination of acid, iodine and saponification values showed that the Wax Esters have similar properties to natural Waxes. This study demonstrated the valorization of by-products from vegetable oil production processes as an alternative feedstock for the synthesis of bio-based Wax Esters with potential use in food, cosmetics and chemical applications.
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Production of Wax Esters via microbial oil synthesis from food industry waste and by-product streams
Bioresource Technology, 2017Co-Authors: Aikaterini Papadaki, Maria Nefeli Efthymiou, Chryssavgi Gardeli, Erika C.g. Aguieiras, Athanasios Mallouchos, Denise M G Freire, Nikolaos Kopsahelis, Seraphim Papanikolaou, Athanasios A. KoutinasAbstract:The production of Wax Esters using microbial oils was demonstrated in this study. Microbial oils produced from food waste and by-product streams by three oleaginous yeasts were converted into Wax Esters via enzymatic catalysis. Palm oil was initially used to evaluate the influence of temperature and enzyme activity on Wax ester synthesis catalysed by Novozyme 435 and Lipozyme lipases using cetyl, oleyl and behenyl alcohols. The highest conversion yields (up to 79.6%) were achieved using 4 U/g of Novozyme 435 at 70 °C. Transesterification of microbial oils to behenyl and cetyl Esters was achieved at conversion yields up to 87.3% and 69.1%, respectively. Novozyme 435 was efficiently reused for six and three cycles during palm Esters and microbial Esters synthesis, respectively. The physicochemical properties of microbial oil derived behenyl Esters were comparable to natural Waxes. Wax Esters from microbial oils have potential applications in cosmetics, chemical and food industries.
Denise M G Freire - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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olive oil oleogel formulation using Wax Esters derived from soybean fatty acid distillate
Biomolecules, 2020Co-Authors: Aikaterini Papadaki, Denise M G Freire, Nikolaos Kopsahelis, Ioanna Mandala, Athanasios A. KoutinasAbstract:Oleogelation is an emerging technology to structure oils, which can be widely used to substitute saturated and trans fats. Extra virgin olive oil is widely recognized for its high nutritional value, but its utilization in oleogel production is currently limited. In this study, extra virgin olive oil was utilized for the production of a novel oleogel using Wax Esters derived from soybean fatty acid distillate (SFAD), a byproduct of industrial soybean oil refining. Different concentrations (7%, 10%, 20%, w/w) of SFAD-Wax Esters were used to evaluate the minimum concentration requirement to achieve oleogelation. Analyses of the mechanical properties of oleogel showed a firmness of 3.8 N, which was then reduced to around 2.1–2.5 N during a storage period of 30 days at 4 °C. Rheological analysis demonstrated that G′ is higher than G″ at 20–27 °C, which confirms the solid properties of the oleogel at this temperature range. Results showed that SFAD was successfully utilized for the oleogelation of olive oil, resulting in a novel oleogel with desirable properties for food applications. This study showed that industrial fatty side streams could be reused for the production of value-added oleogels with novel food applications.
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enzymatic synthesis of bio based Wax Esters from palm and soybean fatty acids using crude lipases produced on agricultural residues
Industrial Crops and Products, 2019Co-Authors: Erika C.g. Aguieiras, Athanasios Mallouchos, Denise M G Freire, Aikaterini Papadaki, Ioanna Mandala, Homero Sousa, Athanasios A. KoutinasAbstract:Abstract The increased demand for the consumption of vegetable oils has led to the generation of high quantities of by-products, such as palm and soybean fatty acid distillates (PFAD, SFAD), as a result of the refining process. In this study PFAD and SFAD were used as raw materials for the enzymatic production of Wax Esters in a solvent-free system. A fungal crude lipase was produced by solid state fermentation using babassu cake as substrate and then fermented solids were used as biocatalyst for Wax Esters synthesis using cetyl and oleyl alcohols. The highest Wax Esters production of 80% was achieved for the SFAD-cetyl, SFAD-oleyl and PFAD-oleyl Esters using 8.8 U/g of biocatalyst at 50 °C. The proposed biocatalysis could be economically feasible since the crude lipase was efficiently reused for up to five repeated batch reactions. The physicochemical properties of the Wax Esters were also studied. Differential scanning calorimetry and the determination of acid, iodine and saponification values showed that the Wax Esters have similar properties to natural Waxes. This study demonstrated the valorization of by-products from vegetable oil production processes as an alternative feedstock for the synthesis of bio-based Wax Esters with potential use in food, cosmetics and chemical applications.
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Production of Wax Esters via microbial oil synthesis from food industry waste and by-product streams
Bioresource Technology, 2017Co-Authors: Aikaterini Papadaki, Maria Nefeli Efthymiou, Chryssavgi Gardeli, Erika C.g. Aguieiras, Athanasios Mallouchos, Denise M G Freire, Nikolaos Kopsahelis, Seraphim Papanikolaou, Athanasios A. KoutinasAbstract:The production of Wax Esters using microbial oils was demonstrated in this study. Microbial oils produced from food waste and by-product streams by three oleaginous yeasts were converted into Wax Esters via enzymatic catalysis. Palm oil was initially used to evaluate the influence of temperature and enzyme activity on Wax ester synthesis catalysed by Novozyme 435 and Lipozyme lipases using cetyl, oleyl and behenyl alcohols. The highest conversion yields (up to 79.6%) were achieved using 4 U/g of Novozyme 435 at 70 °C. Transesterification of microbial oils to behenyl and cetyl Esters was achieved at conversion yields up to 87.3% and 69.1%, respectively. Novozyme 435 was efficiently reused for six and three cycles during palm Esters and microbial Esters synthesis, respectively. The physicochemical properties of microbial oil derived behenyl Esters were comparable to natural Waxes. Wax Esters from microbial oils have potential applications in cosmetics, chemical and food industries.
Aran Hkittikun - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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synthesis of jatropha oil based Wax Esters using an immobilized lipase from burkholderia sp eq3 and lipozyme rm im
Process Biochemistry, 2016Co-Authors: P Ungcharoenwiwat, Bhutorn Canyuk, Aran HkittikunAbstract:Abstract A comparison of the synthesis of Wax Esters by transesterification of jatropha oil and oleyl alcohol using the immobilized lipase EQ3 ( Burkholderia sp. EQ3) and Lipozyme RM IM ( Rhizomucor miehei ) was carried out. The predominant fatty acids in jatropha oil were palmitic acid (14%), stearic acid (7%), oleic acid (41%) and linoleic acid (35%). The optimum conditions for the synthesis of Wax Esters by the immobilized lipase EQ3 were 10 U of enzyme, a molar ratio of jatropha oil and oleyl alcohol of 1:4 in isooctane at 30 °C for 12 h to achieve an 89% conversion. The optimum conditions for Wax ester synthesis by the Lipozyme RM IM were 10 U of enzyme, a molar ratio of jatropha oil and oleyl alcohol of 1:3 in hexane at 45 °C for 12 h to achieve an 86% conversion. For the reusability test, the immobilized lipase EQ3 provided a higher percentage of Wax Esters (88%) than the Lipozyme RM IM (24%) at the 5 th batch. The Wax ester composition of the jatropha oil was oleyl palmitate (18%), oleyl stearate (10%), oleyl oleate and oleyl linoleate (67%). The Wax Esters had melting points of −14.83, 8.50 and 13.17 °C, and were completely decomposed at 380 °C.
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synthesis of Wax Esters from crude fish fat by lipase of burkholderia sp eq3 and commercial lipases
Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 2013Co-Authors: P Ungcharoenwiwat, Aran HkittikunAbstract:The lipase from Burkholderia sp. EQ3 was used to synthesize Wax Esters in comparison with commercial lipases. The supernatant of Burkholderia sp. EQ3 was collected from a liquid basal medium with 1 % fish oil after 12 h cultivation (1.90 U/ml of lipase activity). The crude lipase was prepared by acetone precipitation of the culture supernatant (4.70 U/mg and 9.40 purification folds). The crude fish fat obtained by hexane extraction of waste fat from the wastewater pond of a canned tuna factory and cetyl alcohol were used for Wax Esters synthesis. Five commercial lipases were screened in comparison with crude lipase from Burkholderia sp. EQ3 in Wax Esters synthesis. The optimum conditions for Wax Esters synthesis from crude fish fat using Novozyme 435 were enzyme 1 U, substrate molar ratio of crude fish fat to cetyl alcohol 1:2 (115.30 mg of crude fish fat and 66.67 mg of cetyl alcohol) in hexane at 37 °C and 200 rpm with 90.81 % (TLC–FID peak area) after one h of reaction. The optimum conditions for the synthesis by crude lipase from Burkholderia sp. EQ3 were crude lipase 40 U, substrate molar ratio of crude fish fat and cetyl alcohol 1:2 in isooctane at 30 °C and 200 rpm with 95.07 % (TLC–FID peak area) after 6 h of reaction. The synthesized Wax Esters were mainly composed of cetyl palmitate and cetyl oleate.
Juha M Holopainen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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crystalline Wax Esters regulate the evaporation resistance of tear film lipid layers associated with dry eye syndrome
Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, 2019Co-Authors: Riku O Paananen, Matti Javanainen, Juha M Holopainen, Ilpo VattulainenAbstract:Dry eye syndrome (DES), one of the most common ophthalmological diseases, is typically caused by excessive evaporation of tear fluid from the ocular surface. Excessive evaporation is linked to impaired function of the tear film lipid layer (TFLL) that covers the aqueous tear film. The principles of the evaporation resistance of the TFLL have remained unknown, however. We combined atomistic simulations with Brewster angle microscopy and surface potential experiments to explore the organization and evaporation resistance of films composed of Wax Esters, one of the main components of the TFLL. The results provide evidence that the evaporation resistance of the TFLL is based on crystalline-state layers of Wax Esters and that the evaporation rate is determined by defects in the TFLL and its coverage on the ocular surface. On the basis of the results, uncovering the nonequilibrium spreading and crystallization of TFLL films has potential to reveal new means of treating DES.
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surface properties of artificial tear film lipid layers effects of Wax Esters
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 2014Co-Authors: Pipsa Kulovesi, Antti H Rantamaki, Juha M HolopainenAbstract:PURPOSE: The tear film lipid layer is believed to stabilize the tear film and to retard evaporation. Based on previous simple in vitro studies, the evidence for the latter property is scarce. In this study, we used complex lipid mixtures including various Wax Esters to study their physical properties and evaporation retarding effect. METHODS: Twelve samples of artificial tear film lipid layer mixtures composed of (L-α)-phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol oleate, and triglycerides were mixed with Wax Esters. A Langmuir balance was used to analyze the compressibility and rheological properties of these mixtures. In addition, a custom-built system was used for the evaporation studies used at 35°C. Lipid films were imaged with Brewster angle microscopy. RESULTS: None of the studied lipid mixtures decreased the evaporation rate. All lipid mixtures had similar compression isotherms and viscoelastic properties regardless of the Wax ester species or its concentration. The results suggest that the overall properties of these mixtures are independent of individual lipid species and that these films are very cooperative and showed minor variation depending on the Wax ester species. Brewster angle microscopy images revealed that the lipid films assembled into multiple layers. CONCLUSIONS: Wax ester-containing lipid mixtures resembling the tear film lipid layer are organized in a layered fashion so that amphiphilic lipids are adjacent to the aqueous phase and the nonpolar lipids are layered on top of these. This organization does not retard evaporation and raises overall questions about the role of lipids in the tear film.
