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Kenneth R Troske - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Welfare to temporary work implications for labor market outcomes
The Review of Economics and Statistics, 2005Co-Authors: Carolyn J Heinrich, Peter R Mueser, Kenneth R TroskeAbstract:We explore the effects of temporary help employment on Welfare Recipients' subsequent employment and Welfare dynamics. We find that any employment—in temporary help services or other sectors— yields substantial benefits compared to no employment. Although Welfare Recipients who go to work for temporary help service firms have lower initial wages than those with jobs in other sectors, they experience faster subsequent wage growth. Two years later, they are no less likely to be employed, their wages are close to those of other workers, and they are only slightly more likely to remain on Welfare.
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Welfare to temporary work implications for labor market outcomes
Social Science Research Network, 2002Co-Authors: Carolyn J Heinrich, Peter R Mueser, Kenneth R TroskeAbstract:Recent Welfare reforms are prompting some state and local Welfare agencies to use temporary help service firms to help place Welfare Recipients into jobs. Concerns have arisen that these jobs are more likely to pay low wages, provide fewer benefits, and offer less stability. We explore the effects of temporary help firms on the labor market outcomes of Welfare Recipients by looking at the characteristics of Welfare Recipients who go to work for temporary service firms and by examining their subsequent employment and Welfare dynamics. We find that although Welfare Recipients who go to work for temporary help service firms have lower initial wages they experience faster subsequent wage growth. Two years later, their wages are only slightly below workers who initially had jobs in other sectors, and they are no more likely to be unemployed and are only slightly more likely to remain on Welfare.
David R Williams - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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food insufficiency and women s mental health findings from a 3 year panel of Welfare Recipients
Social Science & Medicine, 2005Co-Authors: Colleen M Heflin, Kristine Siefert, David R WilliamsAbstract:Household food insufficiency is a significant problem in the United States, and has been associated with poor outcomes on mental health indicators among low-income women. However, it is difficult to disentangle the mental health consequences of household food insufficiency from poverty and other shared risk factors. Drawing on theories of the social production of health and disease, research evidence linking food insufficiency with poor mental health, and high rates of food insufficiency among Welfare Recipients, we examined whether a change in household food insufficiency is associated with a change in women's self-reported mental health in a sample of current and recent Welfare Recipients over a 3-year period of time, controlling for common risk factors. Data were obtained from a prospective survey of women who were Welfare Recipients in an urban Michigan county in February 1997 (n=753). We estimated fixed effect models for changes in mental health status that make use of information on household food insufficiency gathered in the fall of 1997, 1998, and 1999. The relationship between household food insufficiency and respondents' meeting the diagnostic screening criteria for major depression remained highly significant even when controlling for factors known to confer increased risk of depression and time invariant unobserved heterogeneity. These findings add to growing evidence that household food insufficiency has potentially serious consequences for low-income women's mental health. If confirmed by further research, they suggest that the public health burden of depression in Welfare Recipients and other low-income women could be reduced by policy-level interventions to reduce their exposure to household food insufficiency.
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food insufficiency and physical and mental health in a longitudinal survey of Welfare Recipients
Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 2004Co-Authors: Kristine Siefert, Colleen M Heflin, Mary Corcoran, David R WilliamsAbstract:Food insufficiency is a significant problem in the United States, and poor African American women with children are at especially high risk. An inadequate household food supply can potentially affect the well-being of household members, but it is difficult to distinguish the effects of food insufficiency from risk factors for poor health that are also common among the food insufficient, such as poverty. We examined food insufficiency and physical and mental health among African American and white women (n = 676) who were Welfare Recipients in 1997. Controlling for common risk factors, women who reported food insufficiency in both 1997 and 1998 were more likely to report fair or poor health at the later date. Food insufficiency in 1998 was significantly associated with meeting the diagnostic screening criteria for recent major depression. Food insufficiency at both times and in 1998 only was related to women's sense of mastery. These findings add to growing evidence that household food insufficiency is ass...
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food insufficiency and physical and mental health in a longitudinal survey of Welfare Recipients
Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 2004Co-Authors: Kristine Siefert, Colleen Heflin, Mary Corcoran, David R WilliamsAbstract:Food insufficiency is a significant problem in the United States, and poor African American women with children are at especially high risk. An inadequate household food supply can potentially affect the well-being of household members, but it is difficult to distinguish the effects of food insufficiency from risk factors for poor health that are also common among the food insufficient, such as poverty. We examined food insufficiency and physical and mental health among African American and white women (n = 676) who were Welfare Recipients in 1997. Controlling for common risk factors, women who reported food insufficiency in both 1997 and 1998 were more likely to report fair or poor health at the later date. Food insufficiency in 1998 was significantly associated with meeting the diagnostic screening criteria for recent major depression. Food insufficiency at both times and in 1998 only was related to women's sense of mastery. These findings add to growing evidence that household food insufficiency is associated with poor physical and mental health.
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social and environmental predictors of maternal depression in current and recent Welfare Recipients
American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 2000Co-Authors: Kristine Siefert, Sheldon Danziger, Phillip J Bowman, Colleen Heflin, David R WilliamsAbstract:Depression is highly prevalent in Welfare Recipients, and is associated with failure to move from Welfare to work. This paper examines the relationship between social and environmental factors in a large, community-based sample of mothers who currently or recently received Welfare benefits. Specific and modifiable risk factors related to poverty, gender, and race were found to predict major depression beyond traditional risk factors. Research and practice implications are discussed.
Peter Butterworth - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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are negative community attitudes toward Welfare Recipients associated with unemployment evidence from an australian cross sectional sample and longitudinal cohort
Social Psychological and Personality Science, 2018Co-Authors: Timothy P Schofield, Peter ButterworthAbstract:Negative stereotyping and stigmatization of Welfare Recipients may account for the negative outcomes they experience. Much is known about the impact of stigma on Welfare take-up, whereas much is hy...
Philip K Robins - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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are two carrots better than one the effects of adding employment services to financial incentive programs for Welfare Recipients
2008Co-Authors: Philip K Robins, Charles Michalopoulos, Kelly FoleyAbstract:The Self-Sufficiency Project (SSP) was a social experiment conducted in two Canadian provinces during the 1990s that tested a generous financial incentive program for Welfare Recipients. A little-known subsidiary experiment, called SSP Plus, had a three-way design that tested the incremental effect of adding employment services to the generous financial incentive program. Employment services are viewed by many Welfare analysts as an important component of an overall strategy for helping Welfare Recipients escape poverty and achieve stable employment. This paper presents the results of the SSP Plus experiment. Adding employment services encouraged more people to take up the earnings supplement, and it appeared to have long-term effects on full-time employment and Welfare receipt. This might be because the services improved the jobs people obtained. Compared to program participants who lacked the added services, SSP Plus members had higher earnings and wage rates, and also appear to have held more sustainable jobs.
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are two carrots better than one the effects of adding employment services to financial incentive programs for Welfare Recipients
Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 2008Co-Authors: Philip K Robins, Charles Michalopoulos, Kelly FoleyAbstract:The Self-Sufficiency Project (SSP) was a social experiment conducted in two Canadian provinces during the 1990s that tested a generous financial incentive program for Welfare Recipients. A little-known subsidiary experiment, called SSP Plus, had a three-way design that tested the incremental effect of adding employment services to the generous financial incentive program. Employment services are viewed by many Welfare analysts as an important component of an overall strategy for helping Welfare Recipients escape poverty and achieve stable employment. This paper presents the results of the SSP Plus experiment. Adding employment services encouraged more people to take up the earnings supplement, and it appeared to have long-term effects on full-time employment and Welfare receipt. This might be because the services improved the jobs people obtained. Compared to program participants who lacked the added services, SSP Plus members had higher earnings and wage rates, and also appear to have held more sustainab...
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are two carrots better than one the effects of adding employment services to financial incentive programs for Welfare Recipients
Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 2008Co-Authors: Philip K Robins, Charles Michalopoulos, Kelly FoleyAbstract:The Self-Sufficiency Project (SSP) was a social experiment conducted in two Canadian provinces during the 1990s that tested a generous financial incentive program for Welfare Recipients. A little-k...
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are two carrots better than one the effects of adding employment services to financial incentive programs for Welfare Recipients
2007Co-Authors: Philip K Robins, Charles Michalopoulos, Kelly FoleyAbstract:The Self-Sufficiency Project (SSP) was a social experiment conducted in two provinces in Canada during the 1990s that tested a generous financial incentive program for Welfare Recipients. A little-known subsidiary experiment, called SSP Plus, had a three-way design that tested the incremental effect of adding employment services to the generous financial incentive program. Employment services are viewed by many Welfare analysts as an important component of an overall strategy for helping Welfare Recipients escape poverty and achieve stable employment. This paper presents the results of the SSP Plus experiment. Adding employment services encouraged more people to take up the earnings supplement, and it appeared to have long-term effects on full-time employment and Welfare receipt. This might be because the services improved the jobs people obtained. Both earnings and wage rates were higher compared to earnings and wages without the services and the jobs held appeared to be more sustainable.
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how important are entry effects in financial incentive programs for Welfare Recipients experimental evidence from the self sufficiency project
Journal of Econometrics, 2005Co-Authors: David Card, Philip K RobinsAbstract:Abstract In the Self-Sufficiency Project (SSP) Welfare demonstration, single parents who had been on public assistance for at least a year were offered a generous earnings subsidy if they left Welfare and entered full-time work. A potential concern in generalizing the results of the experiment is that short-term Welfare Recipients might extend their Welfare spells to become eligible for SSP if payments were generally available after 12 months. A separate experiment was conducted on a sample of new Welfare entrants to measure this effect. One-half of the group was informed that they would be eligible to receive SSP if they stayed on Welfare for a year, while the other half was randomly assigned to a control group. We use a variety of methods to evaluate the effect of the offer of SSP on the probability of remaining on Welfare at least a year, including discrete hazard models with unobserved heterogeneity. The results show a modest “delayed exit” effect among the treatment group relative to the controls, leading to a 3 percentage point rise in the fraction of Welfare applicants who remained on assistance for a year or more.
Harry J Holzer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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job performance and retention among Welfare Recipients
Social Service Review, 2004Co-Authors: Harry J Holzer, Michael A Stoll, Douglas WissokerAbstract:Using data from a recent survey of employers, this article analyzes job performance and retention rates of recently hired Welfare Recipients. The findings suggest that most Recipients perform as well as or better than employees in comparable jobs and that their turnover rates appear fairly low. Still, employers frequently note absenteeism and poor attitudes toward work, problems that are strongly linked to turnover and weak job performance. Various characteristics of the workers, employers, and jobs are associated with performance and retention difficulties among working Welfare Recipients.
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employer demand for Welfare Recipients by race
Journal of Labor Economics, 2003Co-Authors: Harry J Holzer, Michael A StollAbstract:This article examines employer demand for Welfare Recipients using new employer survey data. The results suggest that demand is high but sensitive to business cycle conditions. Factors including skill needs and industry affect prospective employer demand for Recipients, while other characteristics that affect their relative supply to employers (e.g., establishment location) influence whether such demand is realized in actual hiring. The conditional demand for black and Hispanic Welfare Recipients lags behind their representation in the Welfare population and seems affected by employers’ location and indicators of preferences. Thus, many demand‐side factors limit the employment options of Welfare Recipients, especially minorities.
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job performance and retention among Welfare Recipients
Research Papers in Economics, 2001Co-Authors: Harry J Holzer, Michael A Stoll, Douglas WissokerAbstract:In this paper we use data from a recent survey of employers to analyze the job performance and retention rates of recently hired Welfare Recipients. In particular, we analyze whether or not the employer experienced each of a set of problems with that employee; subjective employer ratings of worker performance; and employee turnover. The results indicate that most Welfare Recipients perform as well or better than employees in comparable jobs, and that their turnover rates appear fairly low. Still, absenteeism is pervasive, and often linked to child care/transportation problems; problems such as poor attitudes towards work and relations with coworkers are observed fairly frequently as well. These problems are strongly related to job performance and retention difficulties, and often plague those who quit as well as those discharged. Several particular characteristics of the workers, their employers and the jobs that they hold are also associated with performance and retention difficulties among working Welfare Recipients.
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employer demand for Welfare Recipients by race
Research Papers in Economics, 2000Co-Authors: Harry J Holzer, Michael A StollAbstract:This paper examines the determinants of employer demand for Welfare Recipients using new survey data on employers in four large metropolitan areas. The results suggest a high level of demand for Welfare Recipients, though such demand appears fairly sensitive to business cycle conditions. A broad range of factors, including skill needs and industry, affect the prospective demand for Welfare Recipients among employers; while other characteristics that affect the relative supply of Welfare Recipients to these employers (such as spatial location and employer use of local agencies or Welfare-to-work programs) influence the extent to which such demand is realized in actual hiring. Moreover, the conditional demand for black (and to a lesser extent Hispanic) Welfare Recipients lags behind their representation in the Welfare population, and seems to be more heavily affected by employers' location and indicators of preferences than by their skill needs or overall hiring activity. Thus, a variety of factors on the demand side of the labor market continue to limit the employment options of Welfare Recipients, especially those that are minorities.
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will employers hire Welfare Recipients recent survey evidence from michigan
Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 1999Co-Authors: Harry J HolzerAbstract:In this paper we present data from a survey of 900 employers in Michigan during 1997. The survey was designed to gauge employer demand for Welfare Recipients. The results show that, given the tightness of labor markets there, the prospective demand for Recipients is quite high—employers report that 3 percent of all jobs currently, and almost 9 percent over the following year, might be available to unskilled Recipients. On the other hand, prospective employment is quite highly correlated with measures of unmet labor demand, implying that much of it could disappear during the next recession. Many of the prospective jobs are also found in establishments to which innercity minorities might have limited access, such as small or suburban establishments that receive few black applicants or that recruit informally. Absenteeism and basic skill readiness are potential problems, based on jobs filled by Recipients to date or those that are potentially available. The effects of a variety of potential policy responses targeted at private employers (such as job placement efforts and tax credits for employment or training) are considered as well. © 1999 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management.
