Wells Turbine

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Toshiaki Setoguchi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Wells Turbine with booster: Effect of rotational speed ratio on the performance
    2016 Techno-Ocean (Techno-Ocean), 2016
    Co-Authors: Haruka Katsube, Manabu Takao, M. M. Ashraful Alam, Akiyasu Takami, Toshiaki Setoguchi
    Abstract:

    Wells Turbine has long been used as an energy converter for wave energy conversion because of its simple structure. In order to alleviate the stall problem of this Turbine, the authors have proposed a Wells Turbine with booster for wave energy conversion. This unique power take-off consists of the Wells Turbine for main Turbine and a impulse Turbine for booster. In the present, the wind-tunnel tests are conducted to investigate the Turbine characteristics under steady flow conditions and the effect of rotational speed ratio on the Turbine performance is estimated by the quasi-steady numerical analysis. As a result, the efficiency of Wells Turbine with booster which has small diameter ratio D W /D i depends strongly on the rotational speed ratio N i /N W .

  • Effect of Blade Shape on the Performance of Wells Turbine for Wave Energy Conversion
    World Academy of Science Engineering and Technology International Journal of Mechanical Aerospace Industrial Mechatronic and Manufacturing Engineering, 2015
    Co-Authors: Katsuya Takasaki, Manabu Takao, Toshiaki Setoguchi
    Abstract:

    Abstract—The effect of a 3-dimensional (3D) blade on the Turbine characteristics of Wells Turbine for wave energy conversion has been investigated experimentally by model testing under steady flow conditions in this study, in order to improve the peak efficiency and stall characteristics. The aim of use of 3D blade is to prevent flow separation on the suction surface near the tip. The chord length is constant with radius and the blade profile changes gradually from the mean radius to tip. The proposed blade profiles in the study are NACA0015 from the hub to mean radius and NACA0025 at the tip. The performances of Wells Turbine with 3D blades has been compared with those of the original Wells Turbine, i.e., the Turbine with 2-dimensional (2D) blades. As a result, it was concluded that although the peak efficiency of Wells Turbine can be improved by the use of the proposed 3D blade, its blade does not overcome the weakness of stalling.

  • Wells Turbine for Wave Energy Conversion —Improvement of the Performance by Means of Impulse Turbine for Bi-Directional Flow
    Open Journal of Fluid Dynamics, 2013
    Co-Authors: S. Okuhara, Akiyasu Takami, Manabu Takao, Toshiaki Setoguchi
    Abstract:

    Wells Turbine has inherent disadvantages in comparison with conventional Turbines: relative low efficiency at high flow coefficient and poor starting characteristics. To solve these problems, the authors propose Wells Turbine with booster Turbine for wave energy conversion, in order to improve the performance in this study. This Turbine consists of three parts: a large Wells Turbine, a small impulse Turbine with fixed guide vanes for oscillating airflow, and a generator. It was conjectured that, by coupling the two axial flow Turbines together, pneumatic energy from oscillating airflow is captured by Wells Turbine at low flow coefficient and that the impulse Turbine gets the energy at high flow coefficient. As the first step of this study on the proposed Turbine topology, the performance of Turbines under steady flow conditions has been investigated experimentally by model testings. Furthermore, we estimate mean efficiency of the Turbine by quasi-steady analysis.

  • A Study on the Effects of Blade Profile and Non-Uniform Tip Clearance of the Wells Turbine
    Volume 6: Nick Newman Symposium on Marine Hydrodynamics; Yoshida and Maeda Special Symposium on Ocean Space Utilization; Special Symposium on Offshore, 2008
    Co-Authors: Manabu Takao, Toshiaki Setoguchi, Shuichi Nagata, Kazutaka Toyota
    Abstract:

    Several of wave energy devices being studied under many wave energy programs in the United Kingdom, Japan, Portugal, India and other countries make use of the principle of an oscillating water column (OWC). In such wave energy devices, a water column which oscillates due to wave motion is used to drive an oscillating air column which is converted into mechanical energy. The energy conversion from the oscillating air column can be achieved by using a self-rectifying air Turbine. Wells Turbine is a self-rectifying air Turbine which is expected to be widely used in wave energy devices with OWC. There are many reports which describe the performance of Wells Turbine both at starting and running characteristics. According to these results, Wells Turbine has inherent disadvantages: lower efficiency, poorer starting and higher noise level in comparison with conventional Turbines. In order to enhance the performance of Wells Turbine, some rotor blade profiles have been recommended by various researchers. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of rotor blade profile on the performance of Wells Turbine. In the study, four kinds of blade profile were selected and tested by model testing under steady flow condition. The types of blade profile are as follows: NACA0020; NACA0015; modified NACA0015; and modified Eppler472. The experimental investigations have been performed by use of test section with a casing diameter of 300 mm. Further, the effect of non-uniform tip clearance on the Turbine performance was tested and the result was compared with that of the case of Wells Turbine with uniform tip clearance. As an additional experiment, the effects of blade profile and non-uniform tip clearance on the performance under unsteady flow condition have been investigated numerically by using a quasi-steady analysis.Copyright © 2008 by ASME

  • Wells Turbine with end plates for wave energy conversion
    Ocean Engineering, 2007
    Co-Authors: Manabu Takao, Yoichi Kinoue, Toshiaki Setoguchi, Kenji Kaneko
    Abstract:

    In order to improve the performance of the Wells Turbine for wave energy conversion, the effect of end plate on the Turbine characteristics has been investigated experimentally by model testing. As a result, it is found that the characteristics of the Wells Turbine with end plates are superior to those of the original Wells Turbine, i.e., the Turbine without end plate and the characteristics are dependent on the size and position of end plate. Furthermore, by using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD), reason of the performance improvement of the Turbine has been clarified and the effectiveness of the end plate has been demonstrated.

Kenji Kaneko - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Wells Turbine with end plates for wave energy conversion
    Ocean Engineering, 2007
    Co-Authors: Manabu Takao, Yoichi Kinoue, Toshiaki Setoguchi, Kenji Kaneko
    Abstract:

    In order to improve the performance of the Wells Turbine for wave energy conversion, the effect of end plate on the Turbine characteristics has been investigated experimentally by model testing. As a result, it is found that the characteristics of the Wells Turbine with end plates are superior to those of the original Wells Turbine, i.e., the Turbine without end plate and the characteristics are dependent on the size and position of end plate. Furthermore, by using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD), reason of the performance improvement of the Turbine has been clarified and the effectiveness of the end plate has been demonstrated.

  • Hysteretic characteristics of Wells Turbine for wave power conversion (effects of solidity and setting angle)
    International Journal of Sustainable Energy, 2007
    Co-Authors: Y. Kinoue, M.a.h. Mamun, Toshiaki Setoguchi, Kenji Kaneko
    Abstract:

    A Wells Turbine for wave power conversion has hysteretic characteristics in a reciprocating flow. The hysteretic loop is opposite to the well-known dynamic stall of an airfoil. In this paper, the mechanism of the hysteretic behavior was elucidated by an unsteady three-dimensional Navier–Stokes numerical simulation. It was found that the hysteretic behavior was associated with a streamwise vortical flow appearing near the blade suction surface. Also the effects of solidity and setting angle on the hysteretic characteristics of the Wells Turbine have been discussed in this paper.

  • Effect of end plates on the performence of a Wells Turbine for wave energy conversion
    Journal of Thermal Science, 2006
    Co-Authors: Manabu Takao, Yoichi Kinoue, Toshiaki Setoguchi, Kenji Kaneko
    Abstract:

    In order to improve the performance of the Wells Turbine for wave energy conversion, the effect of end plates on the Turbine characteristics has been investigated experimentally by model testing under steady flow conditions. The end plate attached to the tip of the original rotor blade is slightly larger than the original blade profile. The characteristics of the Wells Turbine with end plates have been compared with those of the original Wells Turbine, i.e., the Turbine without end plate. As a result, it has been concluded that the characteristics of the Wells Turbine with end plates are superior to those of the original Wells Turbine and the characteristics are dependent on the size and position of end plate. Furthermore, the effect of annular plate on the Turbine performance, which encircles the Turbine and is attached to the tip, was investigated as an additional experiment. However, its device was not effective in improving the Turbine characteristics.

  • Hysteretic flow characteristics of biplane Wells Turbine
    Ocean Engineering, 2004
    Co-Authors: M.a.h. Mamun, Yoichi Kinoue, Toshiaki Setoguchi, T.h. Kim, Kenji Kaneko, Masahiro Inoue
    Abstract:

    In order to investigate the hysteretic flow characteristics of the biplane Wells Turbine in detail, an incompressible unsteady 3-dimensional numerical simulation was carried out with LES model. For the monoplane Wells Turbine, the hysteretic loop is opposite to the well-known dynamic stall of an airfoil. For the biplane Wells Turbine, the hysteretic behavior was similar to the monoplane at lower attack angles. But the hysteretic loop similar to the dynamic stall was observed at higher attack angles, which was attributed to the unsteady flow separation near the hub and the trailing edge of the suction surface of the upstream blade.

  • Hysteretic characteristics of monoplane and biplane Wells Turbine for wave power conversion
    Energy Conversion and Management, 2003
    Co-Authors: Yoichi Kinoue, Toshiaki Setoguchi, T.h. Kim, Kenji Kaneko, Mamun Mohammad, Masahiro Inoue
    Abstract:

    Abstract Monoplane and biplane Wells Turbines for wave power conversion have hysteretic characteristics in a reciprocating flow. In this paper, the mechanisms of the hysteretic behaviors were elucidated based on unsteady 3 dimensional Navier–Stokes numerical simulations. For the monoplane Wells Turbine, the hysteretic loop is opposite to the well known dynamic stall of an airfoil. It was found that the hysteretic behavior was associated with a streamwise vortical flow appearing near the suction surface. For the biplane Wells Turbine, the hysteretic behavior was similar to that of the monoplane at lower attack angles, but the hysteretic loop similar to the dynamic stall was observed at higher attack angles, which was attributed to unsteady flow separation near the hub and the trailing edge of the suction surface of the upstream blade.

S. Shaaban - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Wells Turbine blade profile optimization for better wave energy capture
    International Journal of Energy Research, 2017
    Co-Authors: S. Shaaban
    Abstract:

    Summary Despite the fact that wave energy is available at no cost, it is always desired to harvest the maximum possible amount of this energy. The axial flow air Turbines are commonly used with oscillating water column devices as a power take-off system. The present work introduces a blade profile optimization technique that improves the air Turbine performance while considering the complex 3D flow phenomena. This technique produces non-standard blade profiles from the coordinates of the standard ones. It implements a multi-objective optimization algorithm in order to define the optimum blade profile. The proposed optimization technique was successfully applied to a biplane Wells Turbine in the present work. It produced an optimum blade profile that improves the Turbine torque by up to 9.3%, reduces the Turbine damping coefficient by 10%, and increases the Turbine operating range by 5%. The optimized profile increases the annual average Turbine power by up to 3.6% under typical sea conditions. Moreover, new blade profiles were produced from the wind Turbine airfoil data and investigated for use with the biplane Wells Turbine. The present work showed that two of these profiles could be used with low wave energy seas. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  • Aero-economical optimization of Wells Turbine rotor geometry
    Energy Conversion and Management, 2016
    Co-Authors: S. Shaaban
    Abstract:

    Wave plants are currently extracting energy from sea waves at higher levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) compared to other renewable energy resources. The present research aims at reducing the LCOE of wave plants that use the axial flow Wells Turbines as a power take-off system by optimizing the Turbine rotor geometry. A novel rotor geometry was proposed, numerically investigated and optimized. This geometry was obtained by varying and optimizing the radial solidity distribution of the traditional Wells Turbine rotors. Up to 15% saving of the Wells Turbine LCOE was achieved by optimizing the rotor geometry. This cost saving is mainly due to the increase of the Turbine output power where the change of the blade manufacturing cost is negligible. The present work highlights the significance of the plenum chamber-Turbine coupling for every Turbine design. This is because the numerical results showed an increase of the damping coefficient for the Turbine with the optimized rotor geometry. Therefore, it was necessary to reduce the plenum chamber volume in order to maintain an optimum Turbine-chamber coupling. This increases the cost saving to 20.6% at the Turbine design point and reduces the plant construction time.

  • Effect of duct geometry on Wells Turbine performance
    Energy Conversion and Management, 2012
    Co-Authors: S. Shaaban, A. Abdel Hafiz
    Abstract:

    Abstract Wells Turbines can represent important source of renewable energy for many countries. An essential disadvantage of Wells Turbines is their low aerodynamic efficiency and consequently low power produced. In order to enhance the Wells Turbine performance, the present research work proposes the use of a symmetrical duct in the form of a venturi tube with Turbine rotor located at throat. The effects of duct area ratio and duct angle are investigated in order to optimize Wells Turbine performance. The Turbine performance is numerically investigated by solving the steady 3D incompressible Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stocks equation (RANS). A substantial improve of the Turbine performance is achieved by optimizing the duct geometry. Increasing both the duct area ratio and duct angle increase the acceleration and deceleration upstream and downstream the rotor respectively. The accelerating flow with thinner boundary layer thickness upstream the rotor reduces the flow separation on the rotor suction side. The downstream diffuser reduces the interaction between tip leakage flow and blade suction side. Up to 14% increase in Turbine power and 9% increase in Turbine efficiency are achieved by optimizing the duct geometry. On other hand, a tangible delay of the Turbine stall point is also detected.

  • Insight analysis of biplane Wells Turbine performance
    Energy Conversion and Management, 2012
    Co-Authors: S. Shaaban
    Abstract:

    Abstract Wells Turbines are very promising in converting wave energy. Improving the design and performance of Wells Turbines requires deep understanding of the energy conversion process and losses mechanisms of these energy convertors. The performance of a biplane Wells Turbine having 45° stagger angle between rotors is numerically investigated. The Turbine performance is simulated by solving the steady 3D incompressible Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stocks equation (RANS). The present numerical investigation shows that the upstream rotor significantly affects the downstream rotor performance even at high gap-to-chord ratio ( G / c  = 1.4). The contribution of the downstream rotor in the overall biplane Wells Turbine performance is limited. The downstream rotor torque represents 10–30% of the total Turbine torque and the upstream rotor efficiency is 1.5–5 times the downstream rotor efficiency at normal operating conditions. Exergy analysis shows that the downstream rotor is the main component that reduces the Turbine second law efficiency. The blade exergy increases from hub to tip and decreases from leading edge to trailing edge. Therefore, 3D blade profile optimization is essential for substantial improvement of the energy conversion process. Improving the design of the inter-rotors zone can significantly improve biplane Wells Turbine performance. Future biplane Wells Turbine designs should focus essentially on improving the downstream rotor performance.

T.h. Kim - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Hysteretic flow characteristics of biplane Wells Turbine
    Ocean Engineering, 2004
    Co-Authors: M.a.h. Mamun, Yoichi Kinoue, Toshiaki Setoguchi, T.h. Kim, Kenji Kaneko, Masahiro Inoue
    Abstract:

    In order to investigate the hysteretic flow characteristics of the biplane Wells Turbine in detail, an incompressible unsteady 3-dimensional numerical simulation was carried out with LES model. For the monoplane Wells Turbine, the hysteretic loop is opposite to the well-known dynamic stall of an airfoil. For the biplane Wells Turbine, the hysteretic behavior was similar to the monoplane at lower attack angles. But the hysteretic loop similar to the dynamic stall was observed at higher attack angles, which was attributed to the unsteady flow separation near the hub and the trailing edge of the suction surface of the upstream blade.

  • Hysteretic characteristics of the Wells Turbine in a deep stall condition
    Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part M: Journal of Engineering for the Maritime Environment, 2004
    Co-Authors: Y. Kinoue, T.h. Kim, T Setoguchi, K Kaneko, M Mamum, Masahiro Inoue
    Abstract:

    In order to make clear the hysteresis behaviour of Wells Turbine performance in a deep stall condition, experimental and numerical investigations were made for the hysteretic characteristics of such a Turbine in such conditions. The experimental investigation was made by the use of Turbine equipment in which a sinusoidal flow condition was simulated. The numerical investigation was made using an unsteady three-dimensional Navier-Stokes numerical simulation. The experimental and calculated Turbine unsteady performances show two characteristic hysteretic loops. The counter-clockwise hysteresis loop in the unstalled condition can be associated with the separation on the suction surface near the hub, whereas the clockwise hysteresis loop in the deep stall condition can be associated with the separation on the suction surface near the tip.

  • Hysteretic characteristics of monoplane and biplane Wells Turbine for wave power conversion
    Energy Conversion and Management, 2003
    Co-Authors: Yoichi Kinoue, Toshiaki Setoguchi, T.h. Kim, Kenji Kaneko, Mamun Mohammad, Masahiro Inoue
    Abstract:

    Abstract Monoplane and biplane Wells Turbines for wave power conversion have hysteretic characteristics in a reciprocating flow. In this paper, the mechanisms of the hysteretic behaviors were elucidated based on unsteady 3 dimensional Navier–Stokes numerical simulations. For the monoplane Wells Turbine, the hysteretic loop is opposite to the well known dynamic stall of an airfoil. It was found that the hysteretic behavior was associated with a streamwise vortical flow appearing near the suction surface. For the biplane Wells Turbine, the hysteretic behavior was similar to that of the monoplane at lower attack angles, but the hysteretic loop similar to the dynamic stall was observed at higher attack angles, which was attributed to unsteady flow separation near the hub and the trailing edge of the suction surface of the upstream blade.

  • Mechanism of Hysteretic Characteristics of Wells Turbine for Wave Power Conversion
    Journal of Fluids Engineering, 2003
    Co-Authors: Y. Kinoue, Toshiaki Setoguchi, T.h. Kim, Kenji Kaneko, Masahiro Inoue
    Abstract:

    A Wells Turbine for wave power conversion has hysteretic characteristics in a reciprocating flow. The counterclockwise hysteretic loop of the Wells Turbine is opposite to the clockwise one of the well-known dynamic stall of an airfoil. The mechanism of the hysteretic behavior was elucidated by an unsteady three-dimensional Navier-Stokes numerical simulation. The hysteretic behavior was associated with a streamline vortical flow appearing near the blade suction surface. In the accelerating process of axial flow velocity, the vortex is intensified to enlarge the flow separation area on the blade suction surface. In the decelerating flow process, the flow separation area is reduced because of the weakened vortex. Therefore, the aerodynamic performance in the accelerating flow process is lower than in the decelerating flow process, unlike the dynamic stall. Based on the vortex theorems the mechanism to vary the intensity of the vortex can be explained by the trailing vortices associated with the change in the blade circulation

  • Hysteretic characteristics of Wells Turbine for wave power conversion
    Renewable Energy, 2003
    Co-Authors: Toshiaki Setoguchi, T.h. Kim, Kenji Kaneko, Y. Kinoue, Masahiro Inoue
    Abstract:

    A Wells Turbine blade for wave power conversion has hysteretic characteristics in a reciprocating flow. The hysteretic loop is opposite to the well-known dynamic stall of an airfoil. In this paper, the mechanism of the hysteretic behavior was elucidated by an unsteady 3-dimensional Navier-Stokes numerical simulation. It was found that the hysteretic behavior was associated with a streamwise vortical flow appearing near the blade suction surface. And also the effects of solidity, setting angle and blade thickness on the hysteretic characteristics of the Wells Turbine have been discussed.

Pierpaolo Puddu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Evaluation of Entropy Generation Methods in Wells Turbine
    Volume 10: Ocean Renewable Energy, 2019
    Co-Authors: Fabio Licheri, Pierpaolo Puddu, Tiziano Ghisu, Irene Virdis, Francesco Cambuli
    Abstract:

    Abstract Entropy generation analyses have been applied, in recent years, to a variety of systems, including Wells Turbines. This can be a very powerful method, as it can provide important insights into the irreversibilities of the system, as well as a methodology for identifying, and possibly minimizing, the main sources of loss. However, some of the simplifications used in recent studies raise more than a concern on the validity of the approach. This work proposes a method based on RANS equations to evaluate the entropy production in Wells Turbines. An estimation of the second-law efficiency of different Wells Turbine rotors is also presented, under conditions representative of the air flow inside an OWC device. The main sources of entropy generation are highlighted and compared for the different geometries.

  • Revisiting Wells Turbine Hysteresis in Light of Existing Literature on Moving Airfoils
    arXiv: Fluid Dynamics, 2018
    Co-Authors: Tiziano Ghisu, Pierpaolo Puddu, Francesco Cambuli, Irene Virdis, Mario Carta, Fabio Licheri
    Abstract:

    A Wells Turbine is an axial-flow Turbine consisting of a rotor usually with symmetric (uncambered) blades staggered at a 90 degree angle relative to the incoming flow. This Turbine is used within oscillating water column (OWC) systems, which convert the sea-wave motion into a bi-directional flow of air. During its normal operation, the Turbine blades experience a continuous change in incidence angle. that according to many authors is at the origin of an hysteresis in its force coefficients. Aerodynamic hysteresis in rapidly moving airfoils is a well-known phenomenon, but happens only at non-dimensional frequencies significantly larger than the ones encountered in Wells Turbine. This work presents a re-examination of the two phenomena, that shows the unlikeliness of the presence of any aerodynamic hysteresis in Wells Turbines. A simple and efficient lumped parameter analysis is used to prove how the real cause of the hysteresis is likely to be found in a completely different phenomenon, overlooked by many previous experimental and numerical analyses.

  • Numerical Study of a Wells Turbine with Variable Pitch Rotor Blades
    Energy Procedia, 2018
    Co-Authors: Fabio Licheri, Antonello Climan, Pierpaolo Puddu, Francesco Cambuli, Tiziano Ghisu
    Abstract:

    Abstract The Wells Turbine is a self-rectifying axial Turbine widely used in wave energy conversion systems based on the Oscillating Water Column (OWC) principle. In these systems, the periodic movement of the water surface inside a chamber open to the sea determines an alternating flow of air inside a duct, where a Wells Turbine can be used to convert flow energy into mechanical energy. The architectural simplicity and the reliability of the Wells Turbine represent its strengths, while the limited operating range due to the aerodynamic stall of the blades at high flow rates is probably its greatest drawback, as it limits the performance of the entire system. In this paper, a computational investigation on the aerodynamic performance of a variable-pitch Wells Turbine is presented. Fluid dynamics simulations were conducted using commercial CFD software and focused on defining machine performance at different flow rates and blade pitch angles. Numerical results obtained have been exploited to define a pitching law, applicable for a period of operation of the OWC system, which allows to adapt the blade’s setting angle to the variable relative flow, thus obtaining an extension of the machine’s operating range, and maximizing energy production.

  • Optimization of blade profiles for the Wells Turbine
    Ocean Engineering, 2018
    Co-Authors: Tim Gratton, Tiziano Ghisu, Francesco Cambuli, Geoff Parks, Pierpaolo Puddu
    Abstract:

    Abstract A Wells Turbine, when coupled with an oscillating water column, allows the generation of power from the energy in waves on the surface of the ocean. In the present work, a tabu search is used to control the process of optimising the blade profile in the Wells Turbine for greater performance, by maximising the torque coefficient. A free form deformation method is used as an efficient means of manipulating the blade profile and computational fluid dynamics in OpenFOAM are used to assess each profile in both two and three dimensions. Investigations into both the flow coefficient at which the optimization is performed and the number of control variables in the free form deformation tool are performed before optimisations are done on a two-dimensional blade at the hub and tip solidities. This results in increases to the torque coefficient of 34% and 32% at the tip and hub solidities, respectively. These results are then applied to the three-dimensional Turbine, giving a 14% increase in the torque coefficient. The results are assessed and an improved method of optimising the blade in two dimensions is proposed.

  • Numerical Analysis of a Wells Turbine at Different Non-dimensional Piston Frequencies
    Journal of Thermal Science, 2015
    Co-Authors: Tiziano Ghisu, Pierpaolo Puddu, Francesco Cambuli
    Abstract:

    Wave energy is one of the renewable energy sources with the highest potential. Several pilot plants have been built based on the principle of the Oscillating Water Column (OWC). Among the different solutions that have been suggested, the Wells Turbine has gained particular attention due to its simplicity and reliability.

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