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Zvi Eckstein - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A Service of zbw Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre for Economics Estimating the Return to Training and Occupational Experience : The Case of Female Immigrants Estimating the Return to Training and Occupational Experience: T
2020Co-Authors: Zvi Eckstein, Sarit Cohen-goldner, Eitan BerglasAbstract:Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Terms of use: Documents in D I S C U S S I O N P A P E R S E R I E S Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit Institute for the Study ABSTRACT Estimating the Return to Training and Occupational Experience: The Case of Female Immigrants * Do government provided training programs benefit the participants and the society? We address this question in the context of female immigrants who first learn the new language and then choose between working or attending government provided training. Although theoretically training may have several outcomes, most evaluations have focused on only one outcome of training: the expected wage. However, training might have no direct effect on wage, but, nevertheless, affect employment probability in higher paid jobs. In order to measure the return to government provided training, and overcome the above reservations, we formulate an estimable stochastic dynamic discrete choice model of training and employment. Our estimates imply that training has no significant impact on the mean offered wage in bluecollar Occupation, but training increases the mean offered wage in White-Collar Occupation by 19 percent. Training also substantially increases the job offer rates in both Occupations. Furthermore, counterfactual policy simulations show that free access to training programs relative to no training could cause an annual earnings growth of 31.3 percent. This large social gain (ignoring the cost of the program) comes mainly from the impact of training on the job offer probabilities and, consequently, on unemployment, and not, as conventionally thought, from the impact of training on potential earnings. Moreover, free access to training increases the average ex-ante expected present value of utility for a female immigrant at arrival (individual benefit) by 50 percent relative to the existing training opportunity. JEL Classification: J31, J6
Hugh C Hendrie - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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relationship of age education and Occupation with dementia among a community based sample of african americans
JAMA Neurology, 1996Co-Authors: Christopher M Callahan, Kathleen S Hall, Beverly S Musick, Frederick W Unverzagt, Hugh C HendrieAbstract:Objective: To explore the relationship between age, education, and Occupation with dementia among African Americans. Design: Community-based survey to identify subjects with and without evidence of cognitive impairment and subsequent diagnostic evaluation of a stratified sample of these subjects using formal diagnostic criteria for dementia. Setting: Urban neighborhoods in Indianapolis, Ind. Subjects: A random sample of 2212 African Americans aged 65 years and older residing in 29 contiguous census tracts. Measurements: Subjects's scores on the Community Screening Instrument for Dementia (CSI-D), formal diagnostic clinical assessments for dementia, years of education, rural residence, primary Occupation, self-reported disease, and alcohol and smoking history. Caseness was defined by four separate criteria: (1) cognitive impairment as defined by the subject's performance on the CSI-D cognitive scale; (2) cognitive impairment as defined by the total CSI-D score that included a relative's assessment of the subject's functional abilities; (3) dementia as defined by explicit diagnostic criteria; and (4) possible or probable Alzheimer's disease as defined by explicit diagnostic criteria. Results: The mean age was 74 years (age range, 65 to 100 years), 65% of subjects were women, the mean education was 9.6 years (age range, 0 to 16 years), 98% of the subjects were literate, and 32% reported living in a rural area until age 19 years. Service, domestic, and production Occupations accounted for 55.2% of the subjects' primary Occupations with a mean of 25.8 years (range, 1 to 75 years) in the primary Occupation. Years of education, rural residence to age 60 years, and primary Occupation were highly correlated. Caseness defined by any of the four criteria was associated with functional impairment, but the frequency of impairment increased with increasing diagnostic specificity. Age, education, and rural residence to age 60 years were significantly independently associated with caseness for cognitive impairment, dementia, and Alzheimer's type dementia. White-Collar Occupation was independently associated only with caseness for cognitive impairment. History of stroke was associated with caseness for cognitive impairment and dementia but not Alzheimer's disease, while history of smoking was negatively correlated with Alzheimer's disease. Conclusions: Education was independently associated with cognitive impairment and dementia among a representative community-based sample of African Americans and the association remains significant across a variety of sensitivity analyses designed to control for measurement and confounding biases. The potential protective role of education against the development of dementia among African Americans deserves further evaluation.
Beverly S Musick - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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relationship of age education and Occupation with dementia among a community based sample of african americans
JAMA Neurology, 1996Co-Authors: Christopher M Callahan, Kathleen S Hall, Beverly S Musick, Frederick W Unverzagt, Hugh C HendrieAbstract:Objective: To explore the relationship between age, education, and Occupation with dementia among African Americans. Design: Community-based survey to identify subjects with and without evidence of cognitive impairment and subsequent diagnostic evaluation of a stratified sample of these subjects using formal diagnostic criteria for dementia. Setting: Urban neighborhoods in Indianapolis, Ind. Subjects: A random sample of 2212 African Americans aged 65 years and older residing in 29 contiguous census tracts. Measurements: Subjects's scores on the Community Screening Instrument for Dementia (CSI-D), formal diagnostic clinical assessments for dementia, years of education, rural residence, primary Occupation, self-reported disease, and alcohol and smoking history. Caseness was defined by four separate criteria: (1) cognitive impairment as defined by the subject's performance on the CSI-D cognitive scale; (2) cognitive impairment as defined by the total CSI-D score that included a relative's assessment of the subject's functional abilities; (3) dementia as defined by explicit diagnostic criteria; and (4) possible or probable Alzheimer's disease as defined by explicit diagnostic criteria. Results: The mean age was 74 years (age range, 65 to 100 years), 65% of subjects were women, the mean education was 9.6 years (age range, 0 to 16 years), 98% of the subjects were literate, and 32% reported living in a rural area until age 19 years. Service, domestic, and production Occupations accounted for 55.2% of the subjects' primary Occupations with a mean of 25.8 years (range, 1 to 75 years) in the primary Occupation. Years of education, rural residence to age 60 years, and primary Occupation were highly correlated. Caseness defined by any of the four criteria was associated with functional impairment, but the frequency of impairment increased with increasing diagnostic specificity. Age, education, and rural residence to age 60 years were significantly independently associated with caseness for cognitive impairment, dementia, and Alzheimer's type dementia. White-Collar Occupation was independently associated only with caseness for cognitive impairment. History of stroke was associated with caseness for cognitive impairment and dementia but not Alzheimer's disease, while history of smoking was negatively correlated with Alzheimer's disease. Conclusions: Education was independently associated with cognitive impairment and dementia among a representative community-based sample of African Americans and the association remains significant across a variety of sensitivity analyses designed to control for measurement and confounding biases. The potential protective role of education against the development of dementia among African Americans deserves further evaluation.
Christopher M Callahan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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relationship of age education and Occupation with dementia among a community based sample of african americans
JAMA Neurology, 1996Co-Authors: Christopher M Callahan, Kathleen S Hall, Beverly S Musick, Frederick W Unverzagt, Hugh C HendrieAbstract:Objective: To explore the relationship between age, education, and Occupation with dementia among African Americans. Design: Community-based survey to identify subjects with and without evidence of cognitive impairment and subsequent diagnostic evaluation of a stratified sample of these subjects using formal diagnostic criteria for dementia. Setting: Urban neighborhoods in Indianapolis, Ind. Subjects: A random sample of 2212 African Americans aged 65 years and older residing in 29 contiguous census tracts. Measurements: Subjects's scores on the Community Screening Instrument for Dementia (CSI-D), formal diagnostic clinical assessments for dementia, years of education, rural residence, primary Occupation, self-reported disease, and alcohol and smoking history. Caseness was defined by four separate criteria: (1) cognitive impairment as defined by the subject's performance on the CSI-D cognitive scale; (2) cognitive impairment as defined by the total CSI-D score that included a relative's assessment of the subject's functional abilities; (3) dementia as defined by explicit diagnostic criteria; and (4) possible or probable Alzheimer's disease as defined by explicit diagnostic criteria. Results: The mean age was 74 years (age range, 65 to 100 years), 65% of subjects were women, the mean education was 9.6 years (age range, 0 to 16 years), 98% of the subjects were literate, and 32% reported living in a rural area until age 19 years. Service, domestic, and production Occupations accounted for 55.2% of the subjects' primary Occupations with a mean of 25.8 years (range, 1 to 75 years) in the primary Occupation. Years of education, rural residence to age 60 years, and primary Occupation were highly correlated. Caseness defined by any of the four criteria was associated with functional impairment, but the frequency of impairment increased with increasing diagnostic specificity. Age, education, and rural residence to age 60 years were significantly independently associated with caseness for cognitive impairment, dementia, and Alzheimer's type dementia. White-Collar Occupation was independently associated only with caseness for cognitive impairment. History of stroke was associated with caseness for cognitive impairment and dementia but not Alzheimer's disease, while history of smoking was negatively correlated with Alzheimer's disease. Conclusions: Education was independently associated with cognitive impairment and dementia among a representative community-based sample of African Americans and the association remains significant across a variety of sensitivity analyses designed to control for measurement and confounding biases. The potential protective role of education against the development of dementia among African Americans deserves further evaluation.
Frederick W Unverzagt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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relationship of age education and Occupation with dementia among a community based sample of african americans
JAMA Neurology, 1996Co-Authors: Christopher M Callahan, Kathleen S Hall, Beverly S Musick, Frederick W Unverzagt, Hugh C HendrieAbstract:Objective: To explore the relationship between age, education, and Occupation with dementia among African Americans. Design: Community-based survey to identify subjects with and without evidence of cognitive impairment and subsequent diagnostic evaluation of a stratified sample of these subjects using formal diagnostic criteria for dementia. Setting: Urban neighborhoods in Indianapolis, Ind. Subjects: A random sample of 2212 African Americans aged 65 years and older residing in 29 contiguous census tracts. Measurements: Subjects's scores on the Community Screening Instrument for Dementia (CSI-D), formal diagnostic clinical assessments for dementia, years of education, rural residence, primary Occupation, self-reported disease, and alcohol and smoking history. Caseness was defined by four separate criteria: (1) cognitive impairment as defined by the subject's performance on the CSI-D cognitive scale; (2) cognitive impairment as defined by the total CSI-D score that included a relative's assessment of the subject's functional abilities; (3) dementia as defined by explicit diagnostic criteria; and (4) possible or probable Alzheimer's disease as defined by explicit diagnostic criteria. Results: The mean age was 74 years (age range, 65 to 100 years), 65% of subjects were women, the mean education was 9.6 years (age range, 0 to 16 years), 98% of the subjects were literate, and 32% reported living in a rural area until age 19 years. Service, domestic, and production Occupations accounted for 55.2% of the subjects' primary Occupations with a mean of 25.8 years (range, 1 to 75 years) in the primary Occupation. Years of education, rural residence to age 60 years, and primary Occupation were highly correlated. Caseness defined by any of the four criteria was associated with functional impairment, but the frequency of impairment increased with increasing diagnostic specificity. Age, education, and rural residence to age 60 years were significantly independently associated with caseness for cognitive impairment, dementia, and Alzheimer's type dementia. White-Collar Occupation was independently associated only with caseness for cognitive impairment. History of stroke was associated with caseness for cognitive impairment and dementia but not Alzheimer's disease, while history of smoking was negatively correlated with Alzheimer's disease. Conclusions: Education was independently associated with cognitive impairment and dementia among a representative community-based sample of African Americans and the association remains significant across a variety of sensitivity analyses designed to control for measurement and confounding biases. The potential protective role of education against the development of dementia among African Americans deserves further evaluation.
