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Piotr Tryjanowski - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Identification of Bacterial Species in White Stork Chicks in Poland Using PCR Method and Sequencing of Bacterial 16SrRNA
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 2020Co-Authors: Robert Nawrot, Leszek Jerzak, Jakub Barylski, Anna Goździcka-józefiak, Piotr TryjanowskiAbstract:The aim of this study was to identify the most common bacteria that may be found in the blood or on the feathers of White Stork (Ciconia ciconia) chicks and predict their pathogenic potential for birds and humans. A variety of microorganisms, which include Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus vitulinus, and Pseudomonas sp. were found. Based on breeding population densities and reproductive success over the past 25 years, we found no apparent effects of bacterial infections on the White Stork population in Poland.
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foraging efficiency of White Stork ciconia ciconia significantly increases in pastures containing cows
Acta Oecologica-international Journal of Ecology, 2020Co-Authors: Adam Zbyryt, Tim H Sparks, Piotr TryjanowskiAbstract:Abstract Recent changes in agriculture have had a very strong impact on avian populations, but detailed mechanistic explanations are scarce. Some proposed solutions to avian declines can be complicated because responses are not linear. For example, abandoning pasture management can be detrimental to many open-nesting birds, but also to some others, because livestock perform ecosystem engineering, changing sward height and creating microhabitats for invertebrates, as well as for insectivorous mammals. Both these features affect the foraging efficiency of birds, for example White Stork Ciconia ciconia. We studied the foraging activities of Storks in the presence and absence of grazing cows, and we show that in extensive farmland in NE Poland, the presence of cows has a highly significant effect on Stork foraging efficiency (in our study area mainly catching insects), which may be crucial to improving breeding success. Our results may also be important from a practical point of view. In White Stork recovery projects where supplementary food is offered to Storks (e.g. chicken and fish provided on feeding platforms) we believe that establishing extensive cattle pastoralism would be better from an ecological as well as from an aesthetical viewpoint.
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Foraging of White Stork Ciconia ciconia in Forests – The Heritage of an Ancient Behaviour?
Polish Journal of Ecology, 2018Co-Authors: Piotr Tryjanowski, Grzegorz Grzywaczewski, Adam ZbyrytAbstract:The White Stork Ciconia ciconia is a typical open-area species, foraging mainly in farmland and wetland areas. The main aim of this paper was to describe the foraging ecology of White Storks inside un-typical habitat, i.e. forests in Poland. Data on White Stork feeding in forests were based on responses to questionnaires distributed to several national mailing lists with a total of 1700 (16% subscribers) and via emails to naturalists (mainly to White Stork researchers). In total 63 observations, from the years 2000–2015, were collected, mainly from eastern Poland. In all cases, only a single adult individual was recorded inside the forest, with a mean (±SD) distance to the forest edge of 50 ± 102 m (n = 597) and 1315 ± 1015 m (n = 63) to the nearest White Stork nest. Birds foraging inside forests were recorded from late May to mid-August, but the greatest numbers were seen during June. The main prey was a lizard, the slow-worm Anguis fragilis, with a maximum of 10 individuals collected by a Stork during one foraging session. We discuss the origin of the observed foraging behaviour, noting that the species is flexible and opportunistic in terms of consumed food. The observed foraging is probably similar to the original behaviour of the species within primeval forest, although food opportunism helps the White Stork to use new foraging areas, for example landfills.
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connecting the social and the ecological in the focal species concept case study of White Stork
Nature and Conservation, 2017Co-Authors: Jakub Kronenberg, Erik Andersson, Piotr TryjanowskiAbstract:In this article we provide an overview of five case studies of initiatives using the image of White Stork as a focal species. Our case studies are preceded by a short overview of existing approache ...
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the economic recreational value of a White Stork nesting colony a case of Stork village in poland
Tourism Management, 2014Co-Authors: Mikolaj Czajkowski, Jakub Kronenberg, Marek Giergiczny, Piotr TryjanowskiAbstract:In this paper, we estimate the economic value of selected ecosystem services provided by White Storks in a Polish ‘Stork village’. A Stork village is a common name for a village with a White Stork breeding colony, often inhabited by more Storks than people. Zywkowo, the best known Stork village in Poland, receives approximately 2000–5000 tourists annually, many of whom come from abroad. The village has approximately 20–40 White Stork nests and several amenities designed to improve its recreational attractiveness. To estimate the economic benefits provided by the Stork village, we apply the Travel Cost Method (TCM). This study is the first of this type for a Stork village and the first related to the value of birds in Poland. Our results represent a useful contribution to tourism management, indicating that nature has economic value and illustrating how this value can be translated into economic benefits. It also serves as a clear illustration that the degradation of nature may entail economic losses.
Leszek Jerzak - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The susceptibility of Proteus mirabilis strains isolated from White Stork (Ciconia ciconia)
Medycyna doświadczalna i mikrobiologia, 2020Co-Authors: Joanna Kwiecińska-piróg, Leszek Jerzak, Mariusz Kasprzak, Tomasz Bogiel, Eugenia Gospodarek, Piotr KamińskiAbstract:: Proteus sp. rods are ubiquitous bacteria, widespread in the environment and classified also as opportunistic human pathogens. The aim of our study was to evaluate susceptibility of Proteus mirabilis strains isolated from White Stork (Ciconia ciconia) regarding as his natural bacterial flora, compare and discuss their results with data obtained from scientific literature for clinical strains of the same species. Susceptibility of 59 P. mirabilis strains was estimated for 27 antimicrobials using disc-diffusion method and the ability to produce extended spectrum beta-lactamases was evaluated by double disc synergy test. Environmental P. mirabilis strains isolated from White Stork were assessed as more susceptible to most of the examined antimicrobials and production of extended spectrum beta-lactamases was not noted amongst them.
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Identification of Bacterial Species in White Stork Chicks in Poland Using PCR Method and Sequencing of Bacterial 16SrRNA
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 2020Co-Authors: Robert Nawrot, Leszek Jerzak, Jakub Barylski, Anna Goździcka-józefiak, Piotr TryjanowskiAbstract:The aim of this study was to identify the most common bacteria that may be found in the blood or on the feathers of White Stork (Ciconia ciconia) chicks and predict their pathogenic potential for birds and humans. A variety of microorganisms, which include Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus vitulinus, and Pseudomonas sp. were found. Based on breeding population densities and reproductive success over the past 25 years, we found no apparent effects of bacterial infections on the White Stork population in Poland.
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Sex ratio of White Stork Ciconia ciconia in different environments of Poland
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2015Co-Authors: Piotr Kamiński, Ewa Grochowska, Sławomir Mroczkowski, Leszek Jerzak, Mariusz Kasprzak, Beata Koim-puchowska, Alina Woźniak, Olaf Ciebiera, Damian MarkulakAbstract:The aim of this study was to analyze the variation in sex ratio of White Stork Ciconia ciconia chicks from differentiated Poland environments. We took under a consideration the impact of Cd and Pb for establish differences among sex ratio in chicks. We also study multiplex PCR employment for establish gender considerations. We collected blood samples via venipuncture of brachial vein of chicks during 2006–2008 breeding seasons at the Odra meadows (SW-Poland; control), which were compared with those from suburbs (SW-Poland), and from copper smelter (S-Poland; polluted) and from swamps near Baltic Sea. We found differences among sex ratio in White Stork chicks from types of environment. Male participation in sex structure is importantly higher in each type of environment excluded suburban areas. Differences in White Stork sex ratio according to the degree of environmental degradation expressed by Cd and Pb and sex-environment-metal interactions testify about the impact of these metals upon sex ratios in Storks. Simultaneously, as a result of multiplex PCR, 18S ribosome gene, which served as internal control of PCR, was amplified in male and female Storks. It means that it is possible to use primers designed for chicken in order to replicate this fragment of genome in White Stork. Moreover, the use of Oriental White Stork Ciconia boyciana W- chromosome specific primers makes it possible to determine the sex of C. ciconia chicks. Many factors make sex ratio of White Stork changes in subsequent breeding seasons, which depend significantly on specific environmental parameters that shape individual detailed defense mechanisms.
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gemmobacter intermedius sp nov isolated from a White Stork ciconia ciconia
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 2015Co-Authors: Peter Kampfer, Leszek Jerzak, Gottfried Wilharm, Jan Golke, Hansjurgen Busse, Stefanie P GlaeserAbstract:A cream-coloured, Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile, rod- to irregular shaped bacterium, strain 119/4T, was isolated from a choana swab of a White Stork nestling on sheep blood agar. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and subsequent comparisons showed that it was a member of the family Rhodobacteraceae, showing 94.9 % similarity to the type strain of Gemmobacter tilapiae and 94.6 % similarity to that of Gemmobacter nectariphilus , but also similarly low sequence similarity to the type strains of Rhodobacter viridis (94.8 %), Rhodobacter veldkampii (94.6 %) and Paenirhodobacter enshiensis (94.6 %). Reconstruction of phylogenetic trees showed that strain 119/4T clustered close to species of the genus Gemmobacter . The quinone system contained high amounts of ubiquinone Q-10 with traces of Q-8, Q-9 and Q-11, and the fatty acid profile consisted mainly of C18 : 1ω7c, C16 : 1ω7c/iso-C15 : 0 2-OH and C10 : 0 3-OH. The predominant polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phoshatidylglycerol and phosphatidylcholine. Major polyamines were putrescine and spermidine. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and chemotaxonomic and physiological data, strain 119/4T represents a novel species of the genus Gemmobacter , for which the name Gemmobacter intermedius sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 119/4T ( = CIP 110795T = LMG 28215T = CCM 8510T).
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blood chemistry in White Stork ciconia ciconia chicks varies by sex and age
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B, 2010Co-Authors: Leszek Jerzak, Mariusz Kasprzak, Tim H Sparks, M Bochenski, Piotr Kaminski, Ewa Wiśniewska, Slawomir Mroczkowski, Piotr TryjanowskiAbstract:Abstract Little is known on how blood biochemistry differs among avian chicks, especially in sexually monomorphic species. In this study we sampled blood chemistry of 342 White Stork Ciconia ciconia chicks from nests in western Poland during four years (2005–2008). Special attention was paid to the effect of chick age and sex on blood biochemistry. Since White Stork is a monomorphic species, the sex of chicks was established by a molecular technique. Nine blood biochemical parameters were studied: total protein concentration, urea, uric acid, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). There were sexual differences in total protein, uric acid, cholesterol, HDL and AST. However, total protein and uric acid only differed significantly between sexes if an age effect was included as a covariate in the analysis. Triglycerides decreased significantly, and AST, increased significantly with chick age. We confirm that blood biochemistry varies with chick age, but we also found significant differences between the sexes. Therefore, to understand changes in blood parameters, and to establish reference ranges useful in captive rearing of this endangered species, establishing gender may be important, even in very young individuals.
Michael Lierz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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description and prevalence of mycoplasma ciconiae sp nov isolated from White Stork nestlings ciconia ciconia
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 2016Co-Authors: Franca Moller Palauribes, Hafez M Hafez, Dirk Enderlein, N Hagen, Werner Herbst, Michael LierzAbstract:The mycoplasma strain ST 57T was isolated from the trachea of a clinically healthy, free-ranging White Stork nestling in Nielitz, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany. Strain ST 57T grew in fried-egg-shaped colonies on mycoplasma (SP4) agar plates and was dependent on sterol for growth. The organism fermented glucose and did not hydrolyse arginine or urea. The optimal growth temperature was 37 °C, with a temperature range from 23 to 44 °C. Strain ST 57Tcould not be identified as a representative of any of the currently described mycoplasma species by alignment of the 16S rRNA gene sequence or 16S–23S intergenic transcribed spacer region, or by immunobinding assays. Thus, this organism appears to be a representative of a novel species, for which the name Mycoplasma ciconiae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is ST 57T (=ATCC BAA-2401T=DSM 25251T). Four further strains of this species are included in this description (ST 24=DSM 29908, ST 56 Clone 1=DSM 29054, ST 99=DSM 29909, ST 102=DSM 29010). The prevalence of this mycoplasma species in clinically healthy, White Stork nestlings in northern Germany was determined. Our species-specific PCR detected 57.8 % (48/83) of the samples positive for M. ciconiae sp. nov. As this species appears to be widespread in the healthy free-ranging White Stork population, we conclude that this species is either apathogenic or an opportunistic pathogen in White Storks.
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fungal pneumonia as a major cause of mortality in White Stork ciconia ciconia chicks
Avian Diseases, 2010Co-Authors: Philipp Olias, Achim D Gruber, Boehmer Winfried, Hafez M Hafez, Michael LierzAbstract:Abstract White Stork (Ciconia ciconia) chicks have previously been suggested to be particularly susceptible to environmental conditions such as climatic changes during their first 3 wk of life. However, limited data are available on causes of mortality in free-ranging birds prior to fledging in general. One hundred and one White Stork chicks found dead in 2007 and 2008 were examined and the causes of death identified. Of these, 44.6% had fungal granulomatous pneumonia resulting in obstruction and compression of airways. Of note, 94.1% of pulmonary infections occurred in White Stork chicks below 23 days of age. PCR amplification and sequencing of the fungal internal transcribed spacer region 1 identified Aspergillus fumigatus and various zygomycetes as primary causative agents. Thermomyces lanuginosus, previously unknown to cause pulmonary infections, was identified in one chick. The findings suggest that fungal pneumonia plays a major role in the loss of White Stork chicks of up to 3 wk of age and represe...
F Soler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Concentrations of Metals, Metalloids, and Chlorinated Pollutants in Blood and Plasma of White Stork (Ciconia ciconia) Nestlings From Spain
Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2016Co-Authors: M. Pérez-lópez, I. Casa-resino, D. Hernández-moreno, J. Galeano, M. P. Míguez-santiyán, A. Castro-lorenzo, M. Otero-filgueiras, O. Rivas-lópez, F SolerAbstract:The aim of this study was to determine the levels of different inorganic elements (lead [Pb], mercury [Hg], and arsenic [As]) and persistent chlorinated pollutants (including polychlorinated biphenyls [PCBs] and organochlorine pesticides [OCPs]) in blood and plasma of White Stork ( Ciconia ciconia ) nestlings from northwest (NW) Spain. The concentrations of PCBs were lower than the limit of detection in all samples. The OCPs γ-HCH, 4,4′-DDE, HCB, and endosulfan were detected most frequently in plasma from White Stork nestlings. These OCPs were detected in 98, 54, 39, and 37 % of all samples, respectively. However, the concentrations of organic pollutants were lower than the risk thresholds for birds. The mean levels of the inorganic elements Pb, Hg, and As were found to be 36.92 ± 33.48, 16.48 ± 12.87, and 9.813 ± 13.84 µg/L, respectively. These levels were also lower than the risk thresholds for birds. This study not only provides a snapshot of the levels of both inorganic and organic contaminants in wild White Storks in NW Spain, it also provides a useful baseline for biomonitoring levels of the measured contaminants in this area.
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chlorinated pollutants in blood of White Stork nestlings ciconia ciconia in different colonies in spain
Chemosphere, 2015Co-Authors: Irene De La Casaresino, Antonio Castellano, David Hernandezmoreno, Marcos Perezlopez, F SolerAbstract:Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the levels of persistent chlorinated pollutants (POPs) in wild birds. The concentrations of multiple POPs, including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were determined in plasma of White Stork nestlings. Blood samples were collected from three breeding colonies located in the West of Spain that were exposed to different environmental conditions and human activities. The concentrations of PCBs were below the limit of detection in all samples. The OCPs Heptaclor, 4,4′-DDE, endosulfan and aldrin were detected most frequently in plasma from White Stork nestlings. From these four compounds, 4,4′-DDE and Heptaclor were found in high abundance. OCPs could not be detected in the colony breading nearby a landfill and an intensive agricultural area, indicating that these banned compounds are not taken up by crops growing in this area. However, birds from the colony breading next to a landfill exhibited the highest OCPs levels. These high levels might be due to exposure of the mothers to OCPs during their migration to Africa and subsequent transfer to their eggs.
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characterization of plasma cholinesterase from the White Stork ciconia ciconia and its in vitro inhibition by anticholinesterase pesticides
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2013Co-Authors: A L Oropesa, Carlos Gravato, Susana Sanchez, F SolerAbstract:Abstract Blood plasma cholinesterase (ChE) activity is a sensitive biomarker of exposure to organophosphorus (OP) and carbamate (CB) insecticides in vertebrates. Several studies indicate that more than one ChE form may be present in blood of birds. In this study the predominant ChE activity (acetylcholinesterase – AChE– or butyrylcholinesterase – BChE–), the range of ChE activity as well as ChE age-dependent changes in non-exposed individuals of White Stork ( Ciconia ciconia ) have been established. The in vitro sensitivity of ChE to OP and CB insecticides such as paraoxon-methyl, carbofuran and carbaryl was also investigated. Plasma ChE was characterised using three substrates (acetylthiocholine iodide, propionylthiocholine iodide, and S-butyrylthiocholine iodide) and three ChE inhibitors (eserine sulphate, BW284C51 and iso-OMPA). The results indicated that propionylthiocholine was the preferred substrate by plasma cholinesterase followed by acetylcholine and butyrylcholine and the predominant enzymatic activity in plasma of White Storks was BChE. Normal plasma BChE activity in White Stork was 0.32±0.01 μmol/min/ml for adults and 0.28±0.03 μmol/min/ml for juveniles. So, the age had no significant effect on the range of BChE activity. The study on the in vitro inhibitory potential of tested anticholinesterase pesticides on plasma ChE activity revealed that paraoxon-methyl is the most potent inhibitor followed by carbofuran and finally by carbaryl. The percentage of in vitro plasma ChE inhibition was observed to be similar between adults and juveniles.
Tim H Sparks - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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foraging efficiency of White Stork ciconia ciconia significantly increases in pastures containing cows
Acta Oecologica-international Journal of Ecology, 2020Co-Authors: Adam Zbyryt, Tim H Sparks, Piotr TryjanowskiAbstract:Abstract Recent changes in agriculture have had a very strong impact on avian populations, but detailed mechanistic explanations are scarce. Some proposed solutions to avian declines can be complicated because responses are not linear. For example, abandoning pasture management can be detrimental to many open-nesting birds, but also to some others, because livestock perform ecosystem engineering, changing sward height and creating microhabitats for invertebrates, as well as for insectivorous mammals. Both these features affect the foraging efficiency of birds, for example White Stork Ciconia ciconia. We studied the foraging activities of Storks in the presence and absence of grazing cows, and we show that in extensive farmland in NE Poland, the presence of cows has a highly significant effect on Stork foraging efficiency (in our study area mainly catching insects), which may be crucial to improving breeding success. Our results may also be important from a practical point of view. In White Stork recovery projects where supplementary food is offered to Storks (e.g. chicken and fish provided on feeding platforms) we believe that establishing extensive cattle pastoralism would be better from an ecological as well as from an aesthetical viewpoint.
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new is not always better low breeding success and different occupancy patterns in newly built nests of a long lived species the White Stork ciconia ciconia
Bird Study, 2013Co-Authors: Marcin Tobolka, Tim H Sparks, K M Zolnierowicz, Stanislaw Kuźniak, Piotr TryjanowskiAbstract:Capsule An increase in new nest building in a White Stork population revealed that they were built further from human settlement and on non-typical structures; such nests had lower breeding success resulting from later breeding. Aim To determine why some birds build new nests rather than occupy older ones, and how new nests affect breeding performance compared to old nests, in a long-lived bird, the White Stork. Methods We compared new nest construction in 2010 with a long-term data set on White Stork in Western Poland from 1974 to 2009. For data from 2010, we analysed nest location and breeding biology in detail. Results Since 1974, the proportion of new build nests was ca. 1.6%; in 2010 this was 13.2%. Pairs in new nests bred later than pairs in old, and had smaller clutches and lower breeding success. New nests were located further from settlements and tended to be built on different structures. A significantly lower proportion of new nests were re-occupied in subsequent years. Conclusions Pairs may bu...
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reducing death by electrocution of the White Stork ciconia ciconia
Conservation Letters, 2011Co-Authors: Ireneusz Kaluga, Tim H Sparks, Piotr TryjanowskiAbstract:Anthropogenic changes have strongly influenced the biodiversity of Europe. In the last 50 years electric power-line networks have become a conspicuous part of the European landscape, and have strongly influenced the survival of some bird species. When they were constructed it was known, at least locally, that these lines and their support structures would cause fatalities in the White Stork Ciconia ciconia. Annually thousands of White Storks die in collision with, and through electrocution by, power lines, and these are important causes of their mortality. Using data collected in central Poland we show that technical modifications to electricity poles are an effective way to assist Stork conservation and may, at least locally, reduce mortality by electrocution to zero. Because the White Stork is an icon of nature conservation, we believe that public utilities and power-line companies will more readily focus on protecting this species; while indirectly aiding wider bird conservation. Furthermore, since contact with power-lines results in a break in energy transmission, these modifications also positively benefit both energy consumers and power companies.
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blood chemistry in White Stork ciconia ciconia chicks varies by sex and age
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B, 2010Co-Authors: Leszek Jerzak, Mariusz Kasprzak, Tim H Sparks, M Bochenski, Piotr Kaminski, Ewa Wiśniewska, Slawomir Mroczkowski, Piotr TryjanowskiAbstract:Abstract Little is known on how blood biochemistry differs among avian chicks, especially in sexually monomorphic species. In this study we sampled blood chemistry of 342 White Stork Ciconia ciconia chicks from nests in western Poland during four years (2005–2008). Special attention was paid to the effect of chick age and sex on blood biochemistry. Since White Stork is a monomorphic species, the sex of chicks was established by a molecular technique. Nine blood biochemical parameters were studied: total protein concentration, urea, uric acid, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). There were sexual differences in total protein, uric acid, cholesterol, HDL and AST. However, total protein and uric acid only differed significantly between sexes if an age effect was included as a covariate in the analysis. Triglycerides decreased significantly, and AST, increased significantly with chick age. We confirm that blood biochemistry varies with chick age, but we also found significant differences between the sexes. Therefore, to understand changes in blood parameters, and to establish reference ranges useful in captive rearing of this endangered species, establishing gender may be important, even in very young individuals.
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long term changes and breeding success in relation to nesting structures used by the White Stork ciconia ciconia
Annales Zoologici Fennici, 2009Co-Authors: Piotr Tryjanowski, Jakub Z Kosicki, Stanislaw Kuźniak, Tim H SparksAbstract:Anthropogenic changes have strongly influenced the European landscape. In the last 50 years electric power-line networks have become a conspicuous part of that landscape. From the outset it was known that these lines and their support structures would cause fatalities in the White Stork, Ciconia ciconia. From a long-term (1983–2006) study in Poland, we analysed breeding performance in Stork nests on four types of structure (chimneys, roofs, trees and electricity poles). Whilst the numbers of nests on both electricity poles and chimneys have increased, there was no significant difference among the four structures in terms of breeding success. Since 1998, over 100 electricity poles in this White-Stork breeding area have been modified to include a platform designed to accommodate a Stork nest. A comparison between the annual means of nests on electricity poles with and without platforms did not reveal any significant differences in breeding success. However, closer examination of the nests transferred to pla...
