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Takayoshi Ishii - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Wide Hybridization Between Oat and Pearl Millet.
Methods in molecular biology (Clifton N.J.), 2017Co-Authors: Takayoshi IshiiAbstract:Wide Hybridization is a one of the important techniques in plant breeding. Oat (Avena sativa L.) and pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) belong to different subfamilies of Poaceae. In generally, such distant relative species show uniparental chromosome elimination after successful fertilization. However, all seven pearl millet chromosomes are retained beside the genome of oat during embryogenesis. Hybrid seedlings develop, but show necrosis after light irradiation. Here, a detailed protocol for Wide Hybridization between oat and pearl millet is described.
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Wide Hybridization between oat and pearl millet belonging to different subfamilies of Poaceae
Plant Reproduction, 2013Co-Authors: Takayoshi Ishii, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Amin Elsadig Eltayeb, Hisashi TsujimotoAbstract:Oat ( Avena sativa L.) and pearl millet ( Pennisetum glaucum L.) belong to different subfamilies of Poaceae. When emasculated oat was pollinated by millet, fertilization took place and all seven millet chromosomes were retained along the complete haploid oat complement during early stages of embryogenesis. Fourteen days after pollination, we cultured 170 embryos onto rescue medium, of which 99 were attached with endosperm tissue. Twenty-one embryos germinated and showed shoot growth. One of them also developed roots. The shoots of the rootless embryos elongated, but rolled to the scutellum side and eventually died in light conditions. Chromosome observations and marker analyses indicated that the seedling plants were true hybrids that retained all of the oat and millet chromosomes. One exceptional embryo with shoot and root grew under light conditions. This was a haploid of oat and developed to a fertile adult plant. One embryo generated a callus after 6 months cultivation, and it was found to harbor four out of the seven millet chromosomes corresponding to linkage groups 2, 4, 6, and 7. The callus grew vigorously but did not develop shoots or roots.
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Chromosome elimination by Wide Hybridization between Triticeae or oat plant and pearl millet: pearl millet chromosome dynamics in hybrid embryo cells
Chromosome Research, 2010Co-Authors: Takayoshi Ishii, Toshie Ueda, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Hisashi TsujimotoAbstract:Wide crossing is one of a number of practical methods that can be used to expand genetic variation in common wheat (Triticum aestivum). However, in crosses between wheat and distantly related species such as maize (Zea mays) and pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum), non-wheat chromosomes are often eliminated from the hybrid during embryogenesis. In this study, we used pearl millet pollen to pollinate the pistils of a range of plants in the tribe Triticeae, as well as oat. Seven days after pollination, the dynamics of the pearl millet chromosomes in the embryos were observed using in situ Hybridization, probing both the pearl millet genomic DNA and its centromere-specific repeats. In embryos from the crosses with oat, all seven of the pearl millet chromosomes were retained. However, in hybrids with the Triticeae species, chromosome elimination occurred during embryogenesis. Pearl millet chromosome showed chromosome rearrangements and non-disjunction together with micronuclei. These rearranged chromosomes and micronuclei derived from the breakage of bridges and retention of acentric fragments in anaphase, respectively. The cause of the chromosome elimination of wheat–pearl millet hybrid is not malfunction of the kinetochores binding to the spindles but the malfunction of the sister chromatids segregation at anaphase especially of chromosome arm.
Hisashi Tsujimoto - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Wide Hybridization between oat and pearl millet belonging to different subfamilies of Poaceae
Plant Reproduction, 2013Co-Authors: Takayoshi Ishii, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Amin Elsadig Eltayeb, Hisashi TsujimotoAbstract:Oat ( Avena sativa L.) and pearl millet ( Pennisetum glaucum L.) belong to different subfamilies of Poaceae. When emasculated oat was pollinated by millet, fertilization took place and all seven millet chromosomes were retained along the complete haploid oat complement during early stages of embryogenesis. Fourteen days after pollination, we cultured 170 embryos onto rescue medium, of which 99 were attached with endosperm tissue. Twenty-one embryos germinated and showed shoot growth. One of them also developed roots. The shoots of the rootless embryos elongated, but rolled to the scutellum side and eventually died in light conditions. Chromosome observations and marker analyses indicated that the seedling plants were true hybrids that retained all of the oat and millet chromosomes. One exceptional embryo with shoot and root grew under light conditions. This was a haploid of oat and developed to a fertile adult plant. One embryo generated a callus after 6 months cultivation, and it was found to harbor four out of the seven millet chromosomes corresponding to linkage groups 2, 4, 6, and 7. The callus grew vigorously but did not develop shoots or roots.
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Chromosome elimination by Wide Hybridization between Triticeae or oat plant and pearl millet: pearl millet chromosome dynamics in hybrid embryo cells
Chromosome Research, 2010Co-Authors: Takayoshi Ishii, Toshie Ueda, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Hisashi TsujimotoAbstract:Wide crossing is one of a number of practical methods that can be used to expand genetic variation in common wheat (Triticum aestivum). However, in crosses between wheat and distantly related species such as maize (Zea mays) and pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum), non-wheat chromosomes are often eliminated from the hybrid during embryogenesis. In this study, we used pearl millet pollen to pollinate the pistils of a range of plants in the tribe Triticeae, as well as oat. Seven days after pollination, the dynamics of the pearl millet chromosomes in the embryos were observed using in situ Hybridization, probing both the pearl millet genomic DNA and its centromere-specific repeats. In embryos from the crosses with oat, all seven of the pearl millet chromosomes were retained. However, in hybrids with the Triticeae species, chromosome elimination occurred during embryogenesis. Pearl millet chromosome showed chromosome rearrangements and non-disjunction together with micronuclei. These rearranged chromosomes and micronuclei derived from the breakage of bridges and retention of acentric fragments in anaphase, respectively. The cause of the chromosome elimination of wheat–pearl millet hybrid is not malfunction of the kinetochores binding to the spindles but the malfunction of the sister chromatids segregation at anaphase especially of chromosome arm.
Bao Liu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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transpositional activation of mping in an asymmetric nuclear somatic cell hybrid of rice and zizania latifolia was accompanied by massive element loss
Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2009Co-Authors: Xiuyun Lin, Zhenlan Liu, X H Shan, Yi Dong, Bao LiuAbstract:We have reported previously that the most active miniature inverted terminal repeat transposable element (MITE) of rice, mPing, was transpositionally mobilized in several rice recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from an introgressive Hybridization between rice and wild rice (Zizania latifolia Griseb.). To further study the phenomenon of Hybridization-induced mPing activity, we undertook the present study to investigate the element’s behavior in a highly asymmetric somatic nuclear hybrid (SH6) of rice and Z. latifolia, which is similar in genomic composition to that of the RILs, though probably contains more introgressed alien chromatins from the donor species than the RILs. We found that mPing, together with its transposase-donor, Pong, underwent rampant transpositional activation in the somatic hybrid (SH6). Because possible effects of protoplast isolation and cell culture can be ruled out, we attribute the transpositional activation of mPing and Pong in SH6 to the process of asymmetric somatic Hybridization, namely, one-step introgression of multiple chromatin segments of the donor species Z. latifolia into the recipient rice genome. A salient feature of mPing transposition in the somatic hybrid is that the element’s activation was accompanied by massive loss of its original copies, i.e., abortive transpositions, which was not observed in previously reported cases of mPing activity. These data not only corroborated our earlier finding that Wide Hybridization and introgression may trigger transpositional activation of otherwise quiescent transposable elements, but also suggest that transpositional mobilization of a MITE like mPing can be accompanied by dramatic reduction of its original copy numbers under certain conditions, thus provide novel insights into the dynamics of MITEs in the course of genome evolution.
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mobilization of the active mite transposons mping and pong in rice by introgression from wild rice zizania latifolia griseb
Molecular Biology and Evolution, 2005Co-Authors: Xiaohui Shan, Fangpu Han, Zhenlan Liu, Zhenying Dong, Yongming Wang, Yu Chen, Xiuyun Lin, Likun Long, Yingshan Dong, Bao LiuAbstract:Hybridization between different species plays an important role in plant genome evolution, as well as is a Widely used approach for crop improvement. McClintock has predicted that plant Wide Hybridization constitutes a ‘‘genomic shock’’ whereby cryptic transposable elements may be activated. However, direct experimental evidence showing a causal relationship between plant Wide Hybridization and transposon mobilization has not yet been reported. The miniature-Ping (mPing) is a recently isolated active miniature inverted-repeat transposable element transposon from rice, which is mobilized by tissue culture and c-ray irradiation. We show herein that mPing, together with its putative transposase-encoding partner, Pong, is mobilized in three homologous recombinant inbred lines (RILs), derived from Hybridization between rice (cultivar Matsumae) and wild rice (Zizania latifolia Griseb.), harboring introgressed genomic DNA from wild rice. In contrast, both elements remain immobile in two lines sharing the same parentage to the RILs but possessing no introgressed DNA. Thus, we have presented direct evidence that is consistent with McClintock’s insight by demonstrating a causal link between Wide Hybridization and transposon mobilization in rice. In addition, we report an atypical behavior ofmPing/Pong mobilization in these lines, i.e., the exclusive absence of footprints after excision.
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rapid genomic changes in interspecific and intergeneric hybrids and allopolyploids of triticeae
Genome, 2003Co-Authors: Fangpu Han, George Fedak, T Ouellet, Bao LiuAbstract:Allopolyploidy is preponderant in plants, which often leads to speciation. Some recent studies indicate that the process of Wide Hybridization and (or) genome doubling may induce rapid and extensive genetic and epigenetic changes in some plant species and genomic stasis in others. To further study this phenomenon, we analyzed three sets of synthetic allopolyploids in the Triticeae by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) using a set of ex- pressed sequence tags (ESTs) and retrotransposons as probes. It was found that 40-64.7% of the ESTs detected genomic changes in the three sets of allopolyploids. Changes included disappearance of parental Hybridization frag- ment(s), simultaneous appearance of novel fragment(s) and loss of parental fragment(s), and appearance of novel frag- ment(s). Some of the changes occurred as early as in the F1 hybrid, whereas others occurred only after allopolyploid formation. Probing with retrotransposons revealed numerous examples of disappearance of sequences. No gross chro- mosome structural changes or physical elimination of sequences were found. It is suggested that DNA methylation and localized recombination at the DNA level were probably the main causes for the genomic changes. Possible implica- tions of the genomic changes for allopolyploid genome evolution are discussed.
Dengcai Liu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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enriching lmw gs alleles and strengthening gluten properties of common wheat through Wide Hybridization with wild emmer
3 Biotech, 2019Co-Authors: Lan Xiang, Lin Huang, Fangyi Gong, Jia Liu, Yufan Wang, Yarong Jin, Qiantao Jiang, Youliang Zheng, Dengcai LiuAbstract:Two advanced lines (BAd7-209 and BAd7-213) with identical high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit composition were obtained via Wide Hybridization between low-gluten cultivar chuannong16 (CN16) and wild emmer D97 (D97). BAd7-209 was better than BAd7-213, and both of them were much better than CN16 in a dough quality test. We found that BAd7-209 had more abundant and higher expression levels of low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (LMW-GS) proteins than those of BAd7-213. Twenty-nine novel LMW-GS genes at Glu-A3 locus were isolated from BAd7-209, BAd7-213 and their parents. We found that all 29 LMW-GS genes possessed the same primary structure shared by other known LMW-GSs. Twenty-seven genes encode LMW-m-type subunits, and two encode LMW-i-type subunits. BAd7-209 had a higher number of LMW-GS genes than BAd7-213, CN16, and D97. Two wild emmer genes MG574329 and MG574330 were present in the two advanced lines. Most of the LMW-m-type genes showed minor nucleotide variations between Wide hybrids and their parents that could be induced through the Wide Hybridization process. Our results demonstrated that the wild emmer LMW-GS alleles could be feasibly transferred and integrated into common wheat background via Wide Hybridization and the potential value of the wild emmer LMW-GS alleles in breeding programs designed to improve wheat flour quality.
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enriching novel glu ax alleles and significantly strengthening gluten properties of common wheat through Wide Hybridization with wild emmer
Journal of Cereal Science, 2017Co-Authors: Zilong Jiang, Jia Liu, Youliang Zheng, Zhenzhen Wang, Juan Yuan, Houlin Chen, Dengcai LiuAbstract:Abstract Two hybrids, BAd7-209 and BAd7-210, were obtained by Wide Hybridization between wild emmer D97 and weak gluten cultivar CN16. They had a genetic background of common wheat, resulting from continuous selfing over nine times. These hybrids were better than CN16 in dough quality and processing quality tests. BAd7-210 was better than medium gluten wheat cultivar MM37, and BAd7-209 was far better than moderate to strong gluten wheat cultivar SM482. Through chromosome engineering, BAd7-210 possessed the 1Ax2.2 of male D97, and BAd7-209 had the 1Ax1.2 which was caused by complex variation because of cross-parents’ genomic asymmetry. The open reading frames (ORFs) of two novel active Glu-Ax alleles 1Ax2.2 and 1Ax1.2 were 2496 bp and 2514 bp, encoding 830 and 836 amino acid residues, respectively. The 1Ax1.2 was the second longest Glu-Ax gene discovered to date, and it had two deletions and one insertion besides many single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) compared with the 1Ax2.2 and 1Ax1. The longer polypeptide of 1Ax1.2 should explain why BAd7-209 has better processing quality than BAd7-210. Therefore, wild emmer could be effectively utilized to enrich the 1Ax alleles of common wheat through direct cross transferring and generating novel allele variation, which could significantly enhance the gluten strength.
Hiroyuki Tanaka - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Wide Hybridization between oat and pearl millet belonging to different subfamilies of Poaceae
Plant Reproduction, 2013Co-Authors: Takayoshi Ishii, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Amin Elsadig Eltayeb, Hisashi TsujimotoAbstract:Oat ( Avena sativa L.) and pearl millet ( Pennisetum glaucum L.) belong to different subfamilies of Poaceae. When emasculated oat was pollinated by millet, fertilization took place and all seven millet chromosomes were retained along the complete haploid oat complement during early stages of embryogenesis. Fourteen days after pollination, we cultured 170 embryos onto rescue medium, of which 99 were attached with endosperm tissue. Twenty-one embryos germinated and showed shoot growth. One of them also developed roots. The shoots of the rootless embryos elongated, but rolled to the scutellum side and eventually died in light conditions. Chromosome observations and marker analyses indicated that the seedling plants were true hybrids that retained all of the oat and millet chromosomes. One exceptional embryo with shoot and root grew under light conditions. This was a haploid of oat and developed to a fertile adult plant. One embryo generated a callus after 6 months cultivation, and it was found to harbor four out of the seven millet chromosomes corresponding to linkage groups 2, 4, 6, and 7. The callus grew vigorously but did not develop shoots or roots.
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Chromosome elimination by Wide Hybridization between Triticeae or oat plant and pearl millet: pearl millet chromosome dynamics in hybrid embryo cells
Chromosome Research, 2010Co-Authors: Takayoshi Ishii, Toshie Ueda, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Hisashi TsujimotoAbstract:Wide crossing is one of a number of practical methods that can be used to expand genetic variation in common wheat (Triticum aestivum). However, in crosses between wheat and distantly related species such as maize (Zea mays) and pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum), non-wheat chromosomes are often eliminated from the hybrid during embryogenesis. In this study, we used pearl millet pollen to pollinate the pistils of a range of plants in the tribe Triticeae, as well as oat. Seven days after pollination, the dynamics of the pearl millet chromosomes in the embryos were observed using in situ Hybridization, probing both the pearl millet genomic DNA and its centromere-specific repeats. In embryos from the crosses with oat, all seven of the pearl millet chromosomes were retained. However, in hybrids with the Triticeae species, chromosome elimination occurred during embryogenesis. Pearl millet chromosome showed chromosome rearrangements and non-disjunction together with micronuclei. These rearranged chromosomes and micronuclei derived from the breakage of bridges and retention of acentric fragments in anaphase, respectively. The cause of the chromosome elimination of wheat–pearl millet hybrid is not malfunction of the kinetochores binding to the spindles but the malfunction of the sister chromatids segregation at anaphase especially of chromosome arm.
