The Experts below are selected from a list of 309 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Alena Tomsik - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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encapsulations of Wild Garlic allium ursinum l extract using spray congealing technology
Food Research International, 2019Co-Authors: Alena Tomsik, Ljubisa Saric, Serena Bertoni, Michele Protti, Beatrice Albertini, Laura Mercolini, Nadia PasseriniAbstract:Abstract The objective of this study was to incorporate Wild Garlic (A. ursinum) extract into microparticles (MPs) in order to protect its valuable active compounds and improve its oral bioavailability. For this purpose, spray congealing technology was applied and Gelucire 50/13 (Stearoyl polyoxyl-32 glycerides) was selected as MPs carrier. MPs were characterized in terms of yield, encapsulation efficiency and particle size. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis of MPs showed the absence of chemical interactions between carrier and extract and suggested that spray congealing process did not modify nor degrade the encapsulated extract. The encapsulation into MPs led to an improvement of the extract dissolution performance as well as an enhancement in solubility of >18 fold compared to the pure extract. Additionally, MPs were stable over three months showing only a minor decrease in the content of active compounds (allicin and S-methyl methanethiosulfonate) and maintaining a good antimicrobial activity. Therefore, obtained results suggested that the encapsulation of A. ursinum extract in MPs by spray congealing is a promising approach to improve the biopharmaceutical properties of the extract, without affecting its antibacterial activity.
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subcritical water extraction of Wild Garlic allium ursinum l and process optimization by response surface methodology
Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 2017Co-Authors: Alena Tomsik, Branimir Pavlic, Jelena Vladic, Marina Cindric, Pavle Jovanov, Marijana Sakac, Anamarija Mandic, Senka VidovicAbstract:Abstract Subcritical water extraction (SWE) was employed in order to obtain high valuable extracts from Wild Garlic (Allium ursinum). The influence of temperature (120–200 °C), extraction time (10–30 min) and added acidifier, HCl (0–1.5%) on extraction process was investigated. Analysis of variance was used to determine the fitness of the model and optimal process parameters for SWE, in order to maximize extraction yield, total phenolic compounds and total flavonoids content, and antioxidant activity. The optimal conditions for SWE were determined at temperature of 180.92 °C, extraction time of 10 min, and added acidifier at 1.09%. An insight into the development of Maillard reaction products during SWE was provided through measurement of 5-hydroximethylfurfural(5-HMF) and furfural (F)in all obtained extracts. No influence of 5-HMF and F on antioxidant activity was observed. Using HPLC-DAD, kaempferol derivates were identified as the major phenolic compounds in extract obtained at optimal condition.
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optimization of ultrasound assisted extraction of bioactive compounds from Wild Garlic allium ursinum l
Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 2016Co-Authors: Alena Tomsik, Branimir Pavlic, Jelena Vladic, Milica Ramic, Jan Brindza, Senka VidovicAbstract:Abstract Ultrasound-assisted extraction was used for extraction of bioactive compounds and for production of Allium ursinum liquid extract. The experiments were carried out according to tree level, four variables, face-centered cubic experimental design (FDC) combined with response surface methodology (RSM). Temperature (from 40 to 80 °C), ethanol concentration (from 30% to 70%), extraction time (from 40 to 80 min) and ultrasonic power (from 19.2 to 38.4 W/L) were investigated as independent variables in order to obtain the optimal conditions for extraction and to maximize the yield of total phenols (TP), flavonoids (TF) and antioxidant activity of obtained extracts. Experimental results were fitted to the second order polynomial model where multiple regression and analysis of variance were used to determine the fitness of the model and optimal condition for investigated responses. The predicted values of the TP (1.60 g GAE/100 g DW), TF (0.35 g CE/100 g DW), antioxidant activity, IC 50 (0.71 mg/ml) and EY (38.1%) were determined at the optimal conditions for ultrasound assisted extraction: 80 °C temperature, 70% ethanol, 79.8 min and 20.06 W/L ultrasonic power. The predicted results matched well with the experimental results obtained using optimal extraction conditions which validated the RSM model with a good correlation.
Irene Mackraj - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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protective role of Wild Garlic on isoproterenol induced myocardial necrosis in wistar rats
Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2019Co-Authors: Saravanakumar Murugesan, Arunagiri Pandiyan, Lakshmi Saravanakumar, Kogi Moodley, Irene MackrajAbstract:Abstract Ethnopharmacological relevance Tulbaghia violacea Harv. (TVL) is a folk medicine, native to South Africa which has previously shown antioxidant, anti-hypertensive and anti-diabetic effects. The Aim of the study: The aim of the current study was to investigate the protective role of Wild Garlic or TVL on isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial necrosis in rats. Materials and methods Animal (n = 6 each group) were pre and co-treated with TVL (60 mg/kg body weight) daily for 30 days. Myocardial necrosis was administrated by subcutaneous injection of ISO (85 mg/kg body weight) into rats on 29th and 30th day. On the 31st day, rats were anaesthetized and blood, heart samples were obtained for the biochemical, histopathological and molecular study. The specific protein target analysis from TVL was done by reverse docking study (reverse pharmacophore mapping) using PharmMapper. Results The levels of cardiac markers, lipid peroxidation products, and heart rate were considerably increased in ISO-induced myocardial necrosis in rats whilst plasma enzymatic antioxidants were significantly decreased. Myocardial necrotic mRNA genes were increased in ISO-induced myocardial necrosis in rats compared to controls. Pre and co-treatment with TVL and ramipril of myocardial necrosis in rats showed significant effects on all the biochemical and molecular studies evaluated. TVL reduced heart rate, prevented oxidative stress and downregulated the Fas-receptor and caspase-mediated apoptosis-signaling pathway, and heart muscle damage in myocardial necrosis in rats. The specific target protein [disulfide, bis (2-sulfhydrylethyl] from TVL mediates the protective effects. Conclusion Wild Garlic or TVL extract has shown a protective effect on ISO-induced myocardial necrosis in rats by increasing antioxidant production confirmed with docking studies.
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antioxidant antidiabetic and hypolipidemic effects of tulbaghia violacea harv Wild Garlic rhizome methanolic extract in a diabetic rat model
BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2015Co-Authors: Kogi Moodley, Kimane Joseph, Yougasphree Naidoo, Shahidul Islam, Irene MackrajAbstract:The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) continues to rise alarmingly despite years of intensive research. The need to explore alternative remedies such as traditional phytotherapy has therefore become increasingly important in the management and treatment of DM. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal (i.p) injection of streptozotocin (40 mg/kg.b.w) in male Wistar rats. The rats were divided into 5 groups as follows: non-diabetic control fed distilled water, diabetic control fed distilled water, diabetic group treated with Tulbaghia violacea (TVL) (60 mg/kg.b.w), diabetic group treated with TVL (120 mg/kg.b.w), and diabetic group treated with glibenclamide (10 mg/kg.b.w). Food and water intake, as well as urine output were measured daily, whilst body weight and fasting blood glucose were monitored weekly. On day 42, an oral glucose tolerance test was performed on all groups. After 7 weeks, the animals were sacrificed by halothane overdose, blood was removed by cardiac puncture and tissues were harvested. Assays were performed for the determination of plasma insulin, liver glycogen content, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzyme levels, plasma nitric oxide levels and serum lipid and liver enzyme levels. TVL treatment improved body weights, significantly reduced fasting blood glucose levels, improved glucose tolerance and significantly increased plasma insulin and liver glycogen content. TVL treatment also reduced liver thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels, increased liver superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and increased plasma nitric oxide (NO) levels. Furthermore, TVL administration reduced serum triglycerides, VLDL, total-cholesterol levels and increased HDL-cholesterol levels. TVL also reduced serum levels of liver enzymes, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Data obtained in this study demonstrated the hypoglycemic, antioxidant, hepatoprotective and hypolipidemic effects of TVL in STZ-induced diabetic rats.
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Cardiovascular effects of Tulbaghia violacea Harv. (Alliaceae) root methanolic extract in Dahl salt-sensitive (DSS) rats.
Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2013Co-Authors: Kogi Moodley, Irene Mackraj, Yougasphree NaidooAbstract:Abstract Ethnopharmacological relevance In African folk medicine, Tulbaghia violacea Harv.(Alliaceae), a herbaceous plant also known by other common local names such as ‘Wild Garlic’, ‘society Garlic’ and ‘sweet Garlic’, has been used for the management, control and/or treatment of several human ailments; including hypertension. The aim of the present study was to investigate the cardiovascular effects of methanolic extract of Tulbaghia violacea Harv. in Dahl salt-sensitive (DSS) rats. Materials and methods DSS rats were treated intraperitoneally (i.p) as follows: distilled water, control (CON) (3 ml/kg/b.w.); captopril (CAP) (25 mg/kg/b.w.); or methanolic extract of Tulbaghia violacea (TVL) (50 mg/kg/b.w.) for 7 weeks. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured bi-weekly whilst 24-hour urine volumes and sodium concentrations were assessed weekly. Animals were sacrificed on day 49 by halothane overdose. Blood was removed for the determination of aldosterone concentration and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity. Left kidney was harvested for angiotensin Ia (AT1a) receptor gene expression. Results CON showed a significant percentage increase in SBP (mmHg) on day 49 compared to day 0 (baseline values) (9.75±1.7% vs. 2.33±0.77%; p p p p p p p p p Conclusion This study showed that TVL possesses antihypertensive effect in Dahl salt-sensitive rats when administered over a long-term.
Senka Vidovic - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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subcritical water extraction of Wild Garlic allium ursinum l and process optimization by response surface methodology
Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 2017Co-Authors: Alena Tomsik, Branimir Pavlic, Jelena Vladic, Marina Cindric, Pavle Jovanov, Marijana Sakac, Anamarija Mandic, Senka VidovicAbstract:Abstract Subcritical water extraction (SWE) was employed in order to obtain high valuable extracts from Wild Garlic (Allium ursinum). The influence of temperature (120–200 °C), extraction time (10–30 min) and added acidifier, HCl (0–1.5%) on extraction process was investigated. Analysis of variance was used to determine the fitness of the model and optimal process parameters for SWE, in order to maximize extraction yield, total phenolic compounds and total flavonoids content, and antioxidant activity. The optimal conditions for SWE were determined at temperature of 180.92 °C, extraction time of 10 min, and added acidifier at 1.09%. An insight into the development of Maillard reaction products during SWE was provided through measurement of 5-hydroximethylfurfural(5-HMF) and furfural (F)in all obtained extracts. No influence of 5-HMF and F on antioxidant activity was observed. Using HPLC-DAD, kaempferol derivates were identified as the major phenolic compounds in extract obtained at optimal condition.
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optimization of ultrasound assisted extraction of bioactive compounds from Wild Garlic allium ursinum l
Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 2016Co-Authors: Alena Tomsik, Branimir Pavlic, Jelena Vladic, Milica Ramic, Jan Brindza, Senka VidovicAbstract:Abstract Ultrasound-assisted extraction was used for extraction of bioactive compounds and for production of Allium ursinum liquid extract. The experiments were carried out according to tree level, four variables, face-centered cubic experimental design (FDC) combined with response surface methodology (RSM). Temperature (from 40 to 80 °C), ethanol concentration (from 30% to 70%), extraction time (from 40 to 80 min) and ultrasonic power (from 19.2 to 38.4 W/L) were investigated as independent variables in order to obtain the optimal conditions for extraction and to maximize the yield of total phenols (TP), flavonoids (TF) and antioxidant activity of obtained extracts. Experimental results were fitted to the second order polynomial model where multiple regression and analysis of variance were used to determine the fitness of the model and optimal condition for investigated responses. The predicted values of the TP (1.60 g GAE/100 g DW), TF (0.35 g CE/100 g DW), antioxidant activity, IC 50 (0.71 mg/ml) and EY (38.1%) were determined at the optimal conditions for ultrasound assisted extraction: 80 °C temperature, 70% ethanol, 79.8 min and 20.06 W/L ultrasonic power. The predicted results matched well with the experimental results obtained using optimal extraction conditions which validated the RSM model with a good correlation.
Kogi Moodley - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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protective role of Wild Garlic on isoproterenol induced myocardial necrosis in wistar rats
Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2019Co-Authors: Saravanakumar Murugesan, Arunagiri Pandiyan, Lakshmi Saravanakumar, Kogi Moodley, Irene MackrajAbstract:Abstract Ethnopharmacological relevance Tulbaghia violacea Harv. (TVL) is a folk medicine, native to South Africa which has previously shown antioxidant, anti-hypertensive and anti-diabetic effects. The Aim of the study: The aim of the current study was to investigate the protective role of Wild Garlic or TVL on isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial necrosis in rats. Materials and methods Animal (n = 6 each group) were pre and co-treated with TVL (60 mg/kg body weight) daily for 30 days. Myocardial necrosis was administrated by subcutaneous injection of ISO (85 mg/kg body weight) into rats on 29th and 30th day. On the 31st day, rats were anaesthetized and blood, heart samples were obtained for the biochemical, histopathological and molecular study. The specific protein target analysis from TVL was done by reverse docking study (reverse pharmacophore mapping) using PharmMapper. Results The levels of cardiac markers, lipid peroxidation products, and heart rate were considerably increased in ISO-induced myocardial necrosis in rats whilst plasma enzymatic antioxidants were significantly decreased. Myocardial necrotic mRNA genes were increased in ISO-induced myocardial necrosis in rats compared to controls. Pre and co-treatment with TVL and ramipril of myocardial necrosis in rats showed significant effects on all the biochemical and molecular studies evaluated. TVL reduced heart rate, prevented oxidative stress and downregulated the Fas-receptor and caspase-mediated apoptosis-signaling pathway, and heart muscle damage in myocardial necrosis in rats. The specific target protein [disulfide, bis (2-sulfhydrylethyl] from TVL mediates the protective effects. Conclusion Wild Garlic or TVL extract has shown a protective effect on ISO-induced myocardial necrosis in rats by increasing antioxidant production confirmed with docking studies.
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antioxidant antidiabetic and hypolipidemic effects of tulbaghia violacea harv Wild Garlic rhizome methanolic extract in a diabetic rat model
BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2015Co-Authors: Kogi Moodley, Kimane Joseph, Yougasphree Naidoo, Shahidul Islam, Irene MackrajAbstract:The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) continues to rise alarmingly despite years of intensive research. The need to explore alternative remedies such as traditional phytotherapy has therefore become increasingly important in the management and treatment of DM. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal (i.p) injection of streptozotocin (40 mg/kg.b.w) in male Wistar rats. The rats were divided into 5 groups as follows: non-diabetic control fed distilled water, diabetic control fed distilled water, diabetic group treated with Tulbaghia violacea (TVL) (60 mg/kg.b.w), diabetic group treated with TVL (120 mg/kg.b.w), and diabetic group treated with glibenclamide (10 mg/kg.b.w). Food and water intake, as well as urine output were measured daily, whilst body weight and fasting blood glucose were monitored weekly. On day 42, an oral glucose tolerance test was performed on all groups. After 7 weeks, the animals were sacrificed by halothane overdose, blood was removed by cardiac puncture and tissues were harvested. Assays were performed for the determination of plasma insulin, liver glycogen content, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzyme levels, plasma nitric oxide levels and serum lipid and liver enzyme levels. TVL treatment improved body weights, significantly reduced fasting blood glucose levels, improved glucose tolerance and significantly increased plasma insulin and liver glycogen content. TVL treatment also reduced liver thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels, increased liver superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and increased plasma nitric oxide (NO) levels. Furthermore, TVL administration reduced serum triglycerides, VLDL, total-cholesterol levels and increased HDL-cholesterol levels. TVL also reduced serum levels of liver enzymes, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Data obtained in this study demonstrated the hypoglycemic, antioxidant, hepatoprotective and hypolipidemic effects of TVL in STZ-induced diabetic rats.
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Cardiovascular effects of Tulbaghia violacea Harv. (Alliaceae) root methanolic extract in Dahl salt-sensitive (DSS) rats.
Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2013Co-Authors: Kogi Moodley, Irene Mackraj, Yougasphree NaidooAbstract:Abstract Ethnopharmacological relevance In African folk medicine, Tulbaghia violacea Harv.(Alliaceae), a herbaceous plant also known by other common local names such as ‘Wild Garlic’, ‘society Garlic’ and ‘sweet Garlic’, has been used for the management, control and/or treatment of several human ailments; including hypertension. The aim of the present study was to investigate the cardiovascular effects of methanolic extract of Tulbaghia violacea Harv. in Dahl salt-sensitive (DSS) rats. Materials and methods DSS rats were treated intraperitoneally (i.p) as follows: distilled water, control (CON) (3 ml/kg/b.w.); captopril (CAP) (25 mg/kg/b.w.); or methanolic extract of Tulbaghia violacea (TVL) (50 mg/kg/b.w.) for 7 weeks. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured bi-weekly whilst 24-hour urine volumes and sodium concentrations were assessed weekly. Animals were sacrificed on day 49 by halothane overdose. Blood was removed for the determination of aldosterone concentration and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity. Left kidney was harvested for angiotensin Ia (AT1a) receptor gene expression. Results CON showed a significant percentage increase in SBP (mmHg) on day 49 compared to day 0 (baseline values) (9.75±1.7% vs. 2.33±0.77%; p p p p p p p p p Conclusion This study showed that TVL possesses antihypertensive effect in Dahl salt-sensitive rats when administered over a long-term.
Niko S Radulovic - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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influence of different Wild Garlic allium ursinum extracts on the gastrointestinal system spasmolytic antimicrobial and antioxidant properties
Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 2017Co-Authors: Dragana R Pavlovic, Milica Veljkovic, Nikola M Stojanovic, Marija Gocmanacignjatovic, Tatjana Mihailovkrstev, Suzana Brankovic, Dusan Sokolovic, Mirjana Marcetic, Niko S Radulovic, Mirjana RadenkovicAbstract:Objectives As there are no previous studies of the European Wild-Garlic (Allium ursinum) effects on the gastrointestinal system, despite its traditional applications in gastrointestinal disorders' treatment and regular use in the human diet, we have quantified and compared spasmolytic, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of its different leaf extracts. Methods Wild-Garlic extracts were tested for spasmolytic activity on isolated rat ileum, antimicrobial activity on selected Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi by microdilution method and antioxidant capacity by DPPH radical-scavenging assay. Key findings Wild-Garlic extracts were found to decrease ileal basal tone. As the relaxation of K+-induced contractions was similar to one caused by papaverin, the observed spasmolytic effect was most likely mediated through Ca2+-channel inhibition. Ethanolic extract (with the highest phenolic and high alk(en)yl cysteine sulphoxides’ levels) produced the strongest spasmolytic activity. In case of acetylcholine-induced contractions, only hydromethanolic extract showed no statistical difference in comparison with positive control. All samples exhibited certain antioxidant potential and strong antimicrobial activity against tested enteropathogenic strains (Salmonella enteritidis was the most sensitive, followed by Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis and Enterococcus faecalis). Conclusion Besides other already established health-promoting effects, Wild Garlic could be useful in treatment of mild gastrointestinal disturbances.
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new volatile sulfur containing compounds from Wild Garlic allium ursinum l liliaceae
Food Research International, 2015Co-Authors: Niko S Radulovic, Ana B Miltojevic, Milan B Stojkovic, Polina D BlagojevicAbstract:Abstract In many countries, the leaves of Allium ursinum L. (Liliaceae) are a popular substitute for Garlic and, for centuries, the herb has been taken internally to treat an array of medical conditions. Herein, we report the chemical composition of 12 different A. ursinum essential-oil samples (five populations; fresh/air-/oven-dried plant material; leaves/inflorescences). GC–MS/GC–FID analyses, quantitative structure–property relationship modeling (simple 0D/1D-descriptors) of retention indices and the synthesis of selected compounds, enabled the identification of > 200 different constituents, mainly organo(poly)sulfides. Some of these were new compounds (allyl (methylthio)methyl, (methylthio)methyl (Z)/(E)-1-propenyl and allyl 1-(methylthio)propyl disulfides) or were previously not detected in samples of natural origin (heptyl methyl, methyl octyl, allyl hexyl (1), allyl octyl (2) and propyl (propylthio)methyl sulfides). A multivariate statistical analysis revealed the onset of significant changes in the plant material volatile profile during the drying process.
