The Experts below are selected from a list of 119475 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Emmanuelle Porcher - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Crop genetic diversity benefits farmland biodiversity in cultivated fields
Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment, 2013Co-Authors: Carole Chateil, Isabelle Goldringer, Léa Tarallo, Christian Kerbiriou, Isabelle Le Viol, Jean-françois Ponge, Sandrine Salmon, Sophie Gachet, Emmanuelle PorcherAbstract:This study tested whether increasing crop genetic diversity benefited farmland biodiversity in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) fields, using an experimental approach in which arthropod and Wild Plant diversity were compared in a genetically homogeneous wheat variety vs. a variety mixture. The diversity of Wild Plant species was not affected by crop genetic diversity. However, we showed for the first time a positive impact of crop genetic diversity on below (collembola) and aboveground arthropod (spiders and predatory carabids) diversity at field scale in agroecosystems, which may be caused by a wider variety of food resources or more complex crop architecture. Increasing crop genetic diversity could therefore be an easy-to-implement scheme benefiting farmland biodiversity.
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Crop genetic diversity benefits farmland biodiversity in cultivated fields.
2010Co-Authors: Carole Chateil, Emmanuelle Porcher, Isabelle Goldringer, Léa Tarallo, Christian Kerbiriou, Isabelle Le Viol, Jean-françois Ponge, Sandrine Salmon, Sophie Gachet, Julie C. DawsonAbstract:This study tested whether increasing crop genetic diversity benefited farmland biodiversity in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) fields, using an experimental approach in which arthropod and Wild Plant diversity were compared in a genetically homogeneous wheat variety vs. a variety mixture. The diversity of Wild Plant species was not affected by crop genetic diversity. However, we showed for the first time a positive impact of crop genetic diversity on below (collembola) and aboveground arthropod (spiders and predatory carabids) diversity at field scale in agroecosystems, which may be caused by a wider variety of food resources or more complex crop architecture. Increasing crop genetic diversity could therefore be rop management practices armland biodiversity
Laine Anna-liisa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Agricultural land use disrupts biodiversity mediation of virus infections in Wild Plant populations
'Wiley', 2021Co-Authors: Susi Hanna, Laine Anna-liisaAbstract:Human alteration of natural habitats may change the processes governing species interactions in Wild communities. Wild populations are increasingly impacted by agricultural intensification, yet it is unknown whether this alters biodiversity mediation of disease dynamics. We investigated the association between Plant diversity (species richness, diversity) and infection risk (virus richness, prevalence) in populations of Plantago lanceolata in natural landscapes as well as those occurring at the edges of cultivated fields. Altogether, 27 P. lanceolata populations were surveyed for population characteristics and sampled for PCR detection of five recently characterized viruses. We find that Plant species richness and diversity correlated negatively with virus infection prevalence. Virus species richness declined with increasing Plant diversity and richness in natural populations while in agricultural edge populations species richness was moderately higher, and not associated with Plant richness. This difference was not explained by changes in host richness between these two habitats, suggesting potential pathogen spill-over and increased transmission of viruses across the agro-ecological interface. Host population connectivity significantly decreased virus infection prevalence. We conclude that human use of landscapes may change the ecological laws by which natural communities are formed with far reaching implications for ecosystem functioning and disease.Peer reviewe
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Diverse and variable virus communities in Wild Plant populations revealed by metagenomic tools
'PeerJ', 2019Co-Authors: Susi Hanna, Filloux Denis, Frilander, Mildco J., Roumagnac Philippe, Laine Anna-liisaAbstract:Wild Plant populations may harbour a myriad of unknown viruses. As the majority of research efforts have targeted economically important Plant species, the diversity and prevalence of viruses in the Wild has remained largely unknown. However, the recent shift towards metagenomics-based sequencing methodologies, especially those targeting small RNAs, is finally enabling virus discovery from Wild hosts. Understanding this diversity of potentially pathogenic microbes in the Wild can offer insights into the components of natural biodiversity that promotes long-term coexistence between hosts and parasites in nature, and help predict when and where risks of disease emergence are highest. Here, we used small RNA deep sequencing to identify viruses in Plantago lanceolata populations, and to understand the variation in their prevalence and distribution across the Aland Islands, South-West Finland. By subsequent design of PCR primers, we screened the five most common viruses from two sets of P. lanceolata Plants: 164 Plants collected from 12 populations irrespective of symptoms, and 90 Plants collected from five populations showing conspicuous viral symptoms. In addition to the previously reported species Plantago lanceolata latent virus (PlLV), we found four potentially novel virus species belonging to Caulimovirus, Betapartitivirus, Enamovirus, and Closterovirus genera. Our results show that virus prevalence and diversity varied among the sampled host populations. In six of the virus infected populations only a single virus species was detected, while five of the populations supported between two to five of the studied virus species. In 20% of the infected Plants, viruses occurred as coinfections. When the relationship between conspicuous viral symptoms and virus infection was investigated, we found that Plants showing symptoms were usually infected (84%), but virus infections were also detected from asymptomatic Plants (44%). Jointly, these results reveal a diverse virus community with newly developed tools and protocols that offer exciting opportunities for future studies on the eco-evolutionary dynamics of viruses infecting Plants in the Wild.Peer reviewe
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Diverse and variable virus communities in Wild Plant populations revealed by metagenomic tools
'PeerJ', 2019Co-Authors: Susi Hanna, Filloux Denis, Frilander, Mildco J., Roumagnac Philippe, Laine Anna-liisaAbstract:International audienceWild Plant populations may harbour a myriad of unknown viruses. As the majority of research efforts have targeted economically important Plant species, the diversity and prevalence of viruses in the Wild has remained largely unknown. However, the recent shift towards metagenomics-based sequencing methodologies, especially those targeting small RNAs, is finally enabling virus discovery from Wild hosts. Understanding this diversity of potentially pathogenic microbes in the Wild can offer insights into the components of natural biodiversity that promotes long-term coexistence between hosts and parasites in nature, and help predict when and where risks of disease emergence are highest. Here, we used small RNA deep sequencing to identify viruses in Plantago lanceolata populations, and to understand the variation in their prevalence and distribution across the Aland Islands, South-West Finland. By subsequent design of PCR primers, we screened the five most common viruses from two sets of P. lanceolata Plants: 164 Plants collected from 12 populations irrespective of symptoms, and 90 Plants collected from five populations showing conspicuous viral symptoms. In addition to the previously reported species Plantago lanceolata latent virus (PlLV), we found four potentially novel virus species belonging to Caulimovirus, Betapartitivirus, Enamovirus, and Closterovirus genera. Our results show that virus prevalence and diversity varied among the sampled host populations. In six of the virus infected populations only a single virus species was detected, while five of the populations supported between two to five of the studied virus species. In 20% of the infected Plants, viruses occurred as coinfections. When the relationship between conspicuous viral symptoms and virus infection was investigated, we found that Plants showing symptoms were usually infected (84%), but virus infections were also detected from asymptomatic Plants (44%). Jointly, these results reveal a diverse virus community with newly developed tools and protocols that offer exciting opportunities for future studies on the eco-evolutionary dynamics of viruses infecting Plants in the Wild
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Data from: A hyperparasite affects the population dynamics of a Wild Plant pathogen
2014Co-Authors: Tollenaere Charlotte, Parratt, Steven R., Pernechele Benoit, Mäkinen, Hannu S., Németh, Mark Z., Kovács, Gabor M., Kiss Levente, Tack, Ayco J. M., Laine Anna-liisaAbstract:Assessing the impact of natural enemies of Plant and animal pathogens on their host's population dynamics is needed to determine the role of hyperparasites in affecting disease dynamics, and their potential for use in efficient control strategies of pathogens. Here we focus on the long-term study describing metapopulation dynamics of an obligate pathogen, the powdery mildew (Podosphaera Plantaginis) naturally infecting its Wild host Plant (Plantago lanceolata) in the fragmented landscape of the Åland archipelago (southwest Finland). Regionally, the pathogen persists through a balance of extinctions and colonizations, yet factors affecting extinction rates remain poorly understood. Mycoparasites of the genus Ampelomyces appear as good candidates for testing the role of a hyperparasite, i.e. a parasite of other parasites, in the regulation of their fungal hosts’ population dynamics. For this purpose, we first designed a quantitative PCR assay for detection of Ampelomyces spp. in field-collected samples. This newly developed molecular test was then applied to a large-scale sampling within the Åland archipelago, revealing that Ampelomyces is a widespread hyperparasite in this system, with high variability in prevalence among populations. We found that the hyperparasite was more common on leaves where multiple powdery mildew strains coexist, a pattern that may be attributed to differential exposure. Moreover, the prevalence of Ampelomyces at the Plant level negatively affected the overwinter survival of its fungal host. We conclude that this hyperparasite may likely impact on its host population dynamics and argue for increased focus on the role of hyperparasites in disease dynamics
Carole Chateil - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Crop genetic diversity benefits farmland biodiversity in cultivated fields
Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment, 2013Co-Authors: Carole Chateil, Isabelle Goldringer, Léa Tarallo, Christian Kerbiriou, Isabelle Le Viol, Jean-françois Ponge, Sandrine Salmon, Sophie Gachet, Emmanuelle PorcherAbstract:This study tested whether increasing crop genetic diversity benefited farmland biodiversity in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) fields, using an experimental approach in which arthropod and Wild Plant diversity were compared in a genetically homogeneous wheat variety vs. a variety mixture. The diversity of Wild Plant species was not affected by crop genetic diversity. However, we showed for the first time a positive impact of crop genetic diversity on below (collembola) and aboveground arthropod (spiders and predatory carabids) diversity at field scale in agroecosystems, which may be caused by a wider variety of food resources or more complex crop architecture. Increasing crop genetic diversity could therefore be an easy-to-implement scheme benefiting farmland biodiversity.
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Crop genetic diversity benefits farmland biodiversity in cultivated fields.
2010Co-Authors: Carole Chateil, Emmanuelle Porcher, Isabelle Goldringer, Léa Tarallo, Christian Kerbiriou, Isabelle Le Viol, Jean-françois Ponge, Sandrine Salmon, Sophie Gachet, Julie C. DawsonAbstract:This study tested whether increasing crop genetic diversity benefited farmland biodiversity in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) fields, using an experimental approach in which arthropod and Wild Plant diversity were compared in a genetically homogeneous wheat variety vs. a variety mixture. The diversity of Wild Plant species was not affected by crop genetic diversity. However, we showed for the first time a positive impact of crop genetic diversity on below (collembola) and aboveground arthropod (spiders and predatory carabids) diversity at field scale in agroecosystems, which may be caused by a wider variety of food resources or more complex crop architecture. Increasing crop genetic diversity could therefore be rop management practices armland biodiversity
Susi Hanna - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Agricultural land use disrupts biodiversity mediation of virus infections in Wild Plant populations
'Wiley', 2021Co-Authors: Susi Hanna, Laine Anna‐liisaAbstract:Human alteration of natural habitats may change the processes governing species interactions in Wild communities. Wild populations are increasingly impacted by agricultural intensification, yet it is unknown whether this alters biodiversity mediation of disease dynamics. We investigated the association between Plant diversity (species richness, diversity) and infection risk (virus richness, prevalence) in populations of Plantago lanceolata in natural landscapes as well as those occurring at the edges of cultivated fields. Altogether, 27 P. lanceolata populations were surveyed for population characteristics and sampled for PCR detection of five recently characterized viruses. We find that Plant species richness and diversity correlated negatively with virus infection prevalence. Virus species richness declined with increasing Plant diversity and richness in natural populations while in agricultural edge populations species richness was moderately higher, and not associated with Plant richness. This difference was not explained by changes in host richness between these two habitats, suggesting potential pathogen spill‐over and increased transmission of viruses across the agro‐ecological interface. Host population connectivity significantly decreased virus infection prevalence. We conclude that human use of landscapes may change the ecological laws by which natural communities are formed with far reaching implications for ecosystem functioning and disease
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Agricultural land use disrupts biodiversity mediation of virus infections in Wild Plant populations
'Wiley', 2021Co-Authors: Susi Hanna, Laine Anna-liisaAbstract:Human alteration of natural habitats may change the processes governing species interactions in Wild communities. Wild populations are increasingly impacted by agricultural intensification, yet it is unknown whether this alters biodiversity mediation of disease dynamics. We investigated the association between Plant diversity (species richness, diversity) and infection risk (virus richness, prevalence) in populations of Plantago lanceolata in natural landscapes as well as those occurring at the edges of cultivated fields. Altogether, 27 P. lanceolata populations were surveyed for population characteristics and sampled for PCR detection of five recently characterized viruses. We find that Plant species richness and diversity correlated negatively with virus infection prevalence. Virus species richness declined with increasing Plant diversity and richness in natural populations while in agricultural edge populations species richness was moderately higher, and not associated with Plant richness. This difference was not explained by changes in host richness between these two habitats, suggesting potential pathogen spill-over and increased transmission of viruses across the agro-ecological interface. Host population connectivity significantly decreased virus infection prevalence. We conclude that human use of landscapes may change the ecological laws by which natural communities are formed with far reaching implications for ecosystem functioning and disease.Peer reviewe
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Diverse and variable virus communities in Wild Plant populations revealed by metagenomic tools
'PeerJ', 2019Co-Authors: Susi Hanna, Filloux Denis, Frilander, Mildco J., Roumagnac Philippe, Laine Anna-liisaAbstract:Wild Plant populations may harbour a myriad of unknown viruses. As the majority of research efforts have targeted economically important Plant species, the diversity and prevalence of viruses in the Wild has remained largely unknown. However, the recent shift towards metagenomics-based sequencing methodologies, especially those targeting small RNAs, is finally enabling virus discovery from Wild hosts. Understanding this diversity of potentially pathogenic microbes in the Wild can offer insights into the components of natural biodiversity that promotes long-term coexistence between hosts and parasites in nature, and help predict when and where risks of disease emergence are highest. Here, we used small RNA deep sequencing to identify viruses in Plantago lanceolata populations, and to understand the variation in their prevalence and distribution across the Aland Islands, South-West Finland. By subsequent design of PCR primers, we screened the five most common viruses from two sets of P. lanceolata Plants: 164 Plants collected from 12 populations irrespective of symptoms, and 90 Plants collected from five populations showing conspicuous viral symptoms. In addition to the previously reported species Plantago lanceolata latent virus (PlLV), we found four potentially novel virus species belonging to Caulimovirus, Betapartitivirus, Enamovirus, and Closterovirus genera. Our results show that virus prevalence and diversity varied among the sampled host populations. In six of the virus infected populations only a single virus species was detected, while five of the populations supported between two to five of the studied virus species. In 20% of the infected Plants, viruses occurred as coinfections. When the relationship between conspicuous viral symptoms and virus infection was investigated, we found that Plants showing symptoms were usually infected (84%), but virus infections were also detected from asymptomatic Plants (44%). Jointly, these results reveal a diverse virus community with newly developed tools and protocols that offer exciting opportunities for future studies on the eco-evolutionary dynamics of viruses infecting Plants in the Wild.Peer reviewe
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Diverse and variable virus communities in Wild Plant populations revealed by metagenomic tools
'PeerJ', 2019Co-Authors: Susi Hanna, Filloux Denis, Frilander, Mildco J., Roumagnac Philippe, Laine Anna-liisaAbstract:International audienceWild Plant populations may harbour a myriad of unknown viruses. As the majority of research efforts have targeted economically important Plant species, the diversity and prevalence of viruses in the Wild has remained largely unknown. However, the recent shift towards metagenomics-based sequencing methodologies, especially those targeting small RNAs, is finally enabling virus discovery from Wild hosts. Understanding this diversity of potentially pathogenic microbes in the Wild can offer insights into the components of natural biodiversity that promotes long-term coexistence between hosts and parasites in nature, and help predict when and where risks of disease emergence are highest. Here, we used small RNA deep sequencing to identify viruses in Plantago lanceolata populations, and to understand the variation in their prevalence and distribution across the Aland Islands, South-West Finland. By subsequent design of PCR primers, we screened the five most common viruses from two sets of P. lanceolata Plants: 164 Plants collected from 12 populations irrespective of symptoms, and 90 Plants collected from five populations showing conspicuous viral symptoms. In addition to the previously reported species Plantago lanceolata latent virus (PlLV), we found four potentially novel virus species belonging to Caulimovirus, Betapartitivirus, Enamovirus, and Closterovirus genera. Our results show that virus prevalence and diversity varied among the sampled host populations. In six of the virus infected populations only a single virus species was detected, while five of the populations supported between two to five of the studied virus species. In 20% of the infected Plants, viruses occurred as coinfections. When the relationship between conspicuous viral symptoms and virus infection was investigated, we found that Plants showing symptoms were usually infected (84%), but virus infections were also detected from asymptomatic Plants (44%). Jointly, these results reveal a diverse virus community with newly developed tools and protocols that offer exciting opportunities for future studies on the eco-evolutionary dynamics of viruses infecting Plants in the Wild
Anna-liisa Laine - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Diverse and variable virus communities in Wild Plant populations revealed by metagenomic tools
PeerJ, 2019Co-Authors: Hanna Susi, Denis Filloux, Mildco J. Frilander, Anna-liisa LaineAbstract:Wild Plant populations may harbour a myriad of unknown viruses. As the majority of research efforts have targeted economically important Plant species, the diversity and prevalence of viruses in the Wild has remained largely unknown. However, the recent shift towards metagenomics-based sequencing methodologies, especially those targeting small RNAs, is finally enabling virus discovery from Wild hosts. Understanding this diversity of potentially pathogenic microbes in the Wild can offer insights into the components of natural biodiversity that promotes long-term coexistence between hosts and parasites in nature, and help predict when and where risks of disease emergence are highest. Here, we used small RNA deep sequencing to identify viruses in Plantago lanceolata populations, and to understand the variation in their prevalence and distribution across the Aland Islands, South-West Finland. By subsequent design of PCR primers, we screened the five most common viruses from two sets of P. lanceolata Plants: 164 Plants collected from 12 populations irrespective of symptoms, and 90 Plants collected from five populations showing conspicuous viral symptoms. In addition to the previously reported species Plantago lanceolata latent virus (PlLV), we found four potentially novel virus species belonging to Caulimovirus, Betapartitivirus, Enamovirus, and Closterovirus genera. Our results show that virus prevalence and diversity varied among the sampled host populations. In six of the virus infected populations only a single virus species was detected, while five of the populations supported between two to five of the studied virus species. In 20% of the infected Plants, viruses occurred as coinfections. When the relationship between conspicuous viral symptoms and virus infection was investigated, we found that Plants showing symptoms were usually infected (84%), but virus infections were also detected from asymptomatic Plants (44%). Jointly, these results reveal a diverse virus community with newly developed tools and protocols that offer exciting opportunities for future studies on the eco-evolutionary dynamics of viruses infecting Plants in the Wild.
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the impact of spatial scale and habitat configuration on patterns of trait variation and local adaptation in a Wild Plant parasite
Evolution, 2014Co-Authors: Ayco J M Tack, Felix Horns, Anna-liisa LaineAbstract:Theory indicates that spatial scale and habitat configuration are fundamental for coevolutionary dynamics and how diversity is maintained in host–pathogen interactions. Yet, we lack empirical data to translate the theory to natural host–parasite systems. In this study, we conduct a multiscale cross-inoculation study using the specialist Wild Plant pathogen Podosphaera Plantaginis on its host Plant Plantago lanceolata. We apply the same sampling scheme to a region with highly fragmented (Aland) and continuous (Saaremaa) host populations. Although theory predicts higher parasite virulence in continuous regions, we did not detect differences in traits conferring virulence among the regions. Patterns of adaptation were highly scale dependent. We detected parasite maladaptation among regions, and among populations separated by intermediate distances (6.0–40.0 km) within the fragmented region. In contrast, parasite performance did not vary significantly according to host origin in the continuous landscape. For both regions, differentiation among populations was much larger for genetic variation than for phenotypic variation, indicating balancing selection maintaining phenotypic variation within populations. Our findings illustrate the critical role of spatial scale and habitat configuration in driving host–parasite coevolution. The absence of more aggressive strains in the continuous landscape, in contrast to theoretical predictions, has major implications for long-term decision making in conservation, agriculture, and public health.
