The Experts below are selected from a list of 318 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
T. Li - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Mesoscale modeling study of the interactions between aerosols and PBL meteorology during a haze episode in Jing-Jin-Ji (China) and its nearby surrounding region - Part 1: Aerosol distributions and meteorological features
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2015Co-Authors: Huamin Wang, S. C. Tan, H. Z. Che, M. Xue, C. H. Zhou, B. Chen, H.l. Liu, X. Y. Zhang, Hai Wang, T. LiAbstract:The urbanized region ofJing(Beijing)-Jin(Tianjin)-Ji (alias of Hebei province) and its nearby surrounding region (3JNS) is becoming China's most polluted area by haze, exceeding even the Yangtze and Pearl river deltas. Aside from pollutant emission, the meteorology of the planetary boundary layer (PBL) is the most important factor affecting haze pollution. Focusing on July 2008, the aerosol optical properties and PBL meteorology features closely related to haze formation were simulated in the 3JNS region using an online atmospheric chemical transport model. The relationship between regional PBL meteorology, PM2.5, and haze is discussed. Model results accurately simulated the aerosol optical depth (AOD), single scattering albedo (SSA) and asymmetry parameter (ASY), validated by comparison with observations from the MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), the China Aerosol Remote Sensing NETwork (CARSNET) and the Aerosol Robotic NETwork (AERONET). Modeled PBL wind speeds showed reasonable agreement with those from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Reanalysis 2. A monthly mean AOD value as high as 1.2 was found from both model and observations, with a daily mean larger than 2.0 during haze episodes in the 3JNS region. Modeled and observed SSA values of 0.90-0.96 and ASY values of 0.72-0.74 demonstrated the high scattering characteristic of summer aerosols in this region. PBL wind speeds from modeled and NCEP data both showed a reversing trend of PM2.5 variation, illustrating the importance of the 'PBL window shadow' in haze formation. Turbulence diffusion and PBL height had opposite phases to surface PM2.5, indicating that lower PBL height and weaker PBL turbulence diffusion are essential to haze formation. It is noted that homogeneous air pressure does not occur at the surface, but at an 850-950 hPa height during the haze episode. The momentum transmitting downward of the cold air from above the PBL to the low PBL and surface lead to an increase in surface wind speeds and haze dispersal.
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mesoscale modelling study of the interactions between aerosols and pbl meteorology during a haze episode in china jing jin ji and its near surrounding region part 2 aerosols radiative feedback effects
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2014Co-Authors: B. Chen, Hong Wang, Xiaochun Zhang, Sunling Gong, T. LiAbstract:Abstract. Two model experiments, namely a control (CTL) experiment without aerosol–radiation feedbacks and a experiment with online aerosol–radiation (RAD) interactions, were designed to study the radiative feedback on regional radiation budgets, planetary boundary layer (PBL) meteorology and haze formation due to aerosols during haze episodes over Jing–Jin–Ji, China, and its near surroundings (3JNS region of China: Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, East Shanxi, West Shandong and North Henan) with a two-way atmospheric chemical transport model. The impact of aerosols on solar radiation reaching Earth's surface, outgoing long-wave emission at the top of the atmosphere, air temperature, PBL turbulence diffusion, PBL height, wind speeds, air pressure pattern and PM2.5 has been studied focusing on a haze episode during the period from 7 to 11 July 2008. The results show that the mean solar radiation flux that reaches the ground decreases by about 15% in 3JNS and 20 to 25%in the region with the highest aerosol optical depth during the haze episode. The fact that aerosol cools the PBL atmosphere but warms the atmosphere above it leads to a more stable atmospheric stratification over the region, which causes a decrease in turbulence diffusion of about 52% and a decrease in the PBL height of about 33%. This consequently forms a positive feedback on the particle concentration within the PBL and the surface as well as the haze formation. Additionally, aerosol direct radiative forcing (DRF) increases PBL wind speed by about 9% and weakens the subtropical high by about 14 hPa, which aids the collapse of haze pollution and results in a negative feedback to the haze episode. The synthetic impacts from the two opposite feedbacks result in about a 14% increase in surface PM2.5. However, the persistence time of both high PM2.5 and haze pollution is not affected by the aerosol DRF. On the contrary over offshore China, aerosols heat the PBL atmosphere and cause unstable atmospheric stratification, but the impact and its feedback on the planetary boundary layer height, turbulence diffusion and wind is weak, with the exception of the evident impacts on the subtropical high.
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Mesoscale modeling study of the interactions between aerosols and PBL meteorology during a haze episode in China Jing-Jin-Ji and its near surrounding region -Part 2: Aerosols' radiative feedback effects
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions, 2014Co-Authors: Huamin Wang, G. Y. Shi, S. C. Tan, H. Z. Che, B. Chen, X. Y. Zhang, S L Gong, Hai Wang, T. LiAbstract:Two model experiments, namely a control (CTL) experiment without aerosol-radiation feedbacks and a RAD experiment with online aerosol-radiation interactions, were designed to study the radiative feedback on regional radiation budgets, PBL meteorology and haze formation due to aerosols during haze episodes over China Jing-Jin-Ji and its near surroundings (3JNS Region, for Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei Province, East Shanxi Province, West Shandong Province and North Henan Province) with a two-way atmospheric chemical transport model. The impact of aerosols on solar radiation reaching Earth's surface, outgoing longwave emission at the top of the atmosphere, air temperature, PBL turbulence diffusion, PBL height, wind speeds, air pressure pattern and PM2.5 has been studied focusing on a haze episode during the period from 7 to 11 July 2008. The results show that the mean solar radiation flux that reaches the ground decreases about 15% in China 3JNS Region and by 20 to 25% in the region with the highest AOD during the haze episode. The fact that aerosol cools the PBL atmosphere but warms the atmosphere above it leads to a more stable atmospheric stratification over the region, which causes a decrease in about 52% of turbulence diffusion and a decrease in about 33% of the PBL height. This consequently forms a positive feedback on the particle concentration within the PBL and the surface as well as the haze formation. On the other hands, aerosol DRF (direct radiative forcing) increases about 9% of PBL wind speed, weakens the subtropical high by about 14 hPa, which aids the collapse of haze pollution, resulting in a negative feedback to the haze episode. The synthetic impacts from the two opposite feedbacks result in about a 14% increase in surface PM2.5. However, the persistence time of both high PM2.5 and haze pollution is not effected by the aerosol DRF. On the contrary over offshore China, aerosols heat the PBL atmosphere and cause unstable atmospheric stratification, but the impact and its feedback on the PBLH, turbulence diffusion and wind is weak except its evident impacts on the subtropical high.
Declan P Naughton - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Antioxidant and potential anti-inflammatory activity of extracts and formulations of white tea, rose, and witch hazel on primary human dermal fibroblast cells
Journal of Inflammation, 2011Co-Authors: Tamsyn Sa Thring, Pauline Hili, Declan P NaughtonAbstract:Background Numerous reports have identified therapeutic roles for plants and their extracts and constituents. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacies of three plant extracts for their potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity in primary human skin fibroblasts. Methods Aqueous extracts and formulations of white tea, witch hazel and rose were subjected to assays to measure anti-collagenase, anti-elastase, trolox equivalent and catalase activities. Skin fibroblast cells were employed to determine the effect of each extract/formulation on IL-8 release induced by the addition of hydrogen peroxide. Microscopic examination along with Neutral Red viability testing was employed to ascertain the effects of hydrogen peroxide directly on cell viability. Results Considerable anti-collagenase, anti-elastase, and antioxidant activities were measured for all extracts apart from the witch hazel distillate which showed no activity in the collagenase assay or in the trolox equivalence assay. All of the extracts and products tested elicited a significant decrease in the amount of IL-8 produced by fibroblast cells compared to the control (p < 0.05). None of the test samples exhibited catalase activity or had a significant effect on the spontaneous secretion of IL-8 in the control cells which was further corroborated with the microscopy results and the Neutral Red viability test. Conclusions These data show that the extracts and products tested have a protective effect on fibroblast cells against hydrogen peroxide induced damage. This approach provides a potential method to evaluate the claims made for plant extracts and the products in which these extracts are found.
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Anti-collagenase, anti-elastase and anti-oxidant activities of extracts from 21 plants
BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2009Co-Authors: Tamsyn Sa Thring, Pauline Hili, Declan P NaughtonAbstract:Background Owing to their roles in tissue remodelling in health and disease, several studies have reported investigations on plant extracts as inhibitors of proteinases and as anti-oxidants. Methods The anti-ageing and anti-oxidant properties of 23 plant extracts (from 21 plant species) were assessed as anti-elastase and anti-collagenase activities and in selected anti-oxidant assays along with phenolic content. Results Anti-elastase activities were observed for nine of the extracts with inhibitory activity in the following order: white tea (~89%), cleavers (~58%), burdock root (~51%), bladderwrack (~50%), anise and angelica (~32%). Anti-collagenase activities were exhibited by sixteen plants of which the highest activity was seen in white tea (~87%), green tea (~47%), rose tincture (~41%), and lavender (~31%). Nine plant extracts had activities against both elastase (E) and collagenase (C) and were ranked in the order of white tea (E:89%, C:87%) > bladderwrack (E:50%, C:25%) > cleavers (E:58%, C:7%) > rose tincture (E:22%, C:41%) > green tea (E:10%: C:47%) > rose aqueous (E: 24%, C:26%) > angelica (E:32%, C:17%) > anise (E:32%, C:6%) > pomegranate (E:15%, C:11%). Total phenolic content varied between 0.05 and 0.26 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/mL with the exception of white tea (0.77 mg GAE/mL). For anti-oxidant assessment, the Trolox equivalent anti-oxidant capacity (TEAC) assay revealed activity for all extracts. White tea had the highest activity equivalent to ~21 μM Trolox for a 6.25 μg aliquot. In addition, seven extracts exhibited activities = 10 μM Trolox with witch hazel (6.25 μg = 13 μM Trolox) and rose aqueous (6.25 μg = 10 μM Trolox) showing very high activities at low concentrations. A high activity for white tea was also found in the superoxide dismutase (SOD) assay in which it exhibited ~88% inhibition of reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium. High activities were also observed for green tea (86.41%), rose tincture (82.77%), witch hazel (82.05%) and rose aqueous (73.86%). Conclusion From a panel of twenty three plant extracts, some one dozen exhibit high or satisfactory anti-collagenase or anti-elastase activities, with nine having inhibitory activity against both enzymes. These included white tea which was found to have very high phenolic content, along with high TEAC and SOD activities.
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Anti-collagenase, anti-elastase and anti-oxidant activities of extracts from 21 plants
BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2009Co-Authors: Tamsyn Sa Thring, Pauline Hili, Declan P NaughtonAbstract:Owing to their roles in tissue remodelling in health and disease, several studies have reported investigations on plant extracts as inhibitors of proteinases and as anti-oxidants. The anti-ageing and anti-oxidant properties of 23 plant extracts (from 21 plant species) were assessed as anti-elastase and anti-collagenase activities and in selected anti-oxidant assays along with phenolic content. Anti-elastase activities were observed for nine of the extracts with inhibitory activity in the following order: white tea (~89%), cleavers (~58%), burdock root (~51%), bladderwrack (~50%), anise and angelica (~32%). Anti-collagenase activities were exhibited by sixteen plants of which the highest activity was seen in white tea (~87%), green tea (~47%), rose tincture (~41%), and lavender (~31%). Nine plant extracts had activities against both elastase (E) and collagenase (C) and were ranked in the order of white tea (E:89%, C:87%) > bladderwrack (E:50%, C:25%) > cleavers (E:58%, C:7%) > rose tincture (E:22%, C:41%) > green tea (E:10%: C:47%) > rose aqueous (E: 24%, C:26%) > angelica (E:32%, C:17%) > anise (E:32%, C:6%) > pomegranate (E:15%, C:11%). Total phenolic content varied between 0.05 and 0.26 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/mL with the exception of white tea (0.77 mg GAE/mL). For anti-oxidant assessment, the Trolox equivalent anti-oxidant capacity (TEAC) assay revealed activity for all extracts. White tea had the highest activity equivalent to ~21 μM Trolox for a 6.25 μg aliquot. In addition, seven extracts exhibited activities = 10 μM Trolox with witch hazel (6.25 μg = 13 μM Trolox) and rose aqueous (6.25 μg = 10 μM Trolox) showing very high activities at low concentrations. A high activity for white tea was also found in the superoxide dismutase (SOD) assay in which it exhibited ~88% inhibition of reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium. High activities were also observed for green tea (86.41%), rose tincture (82.77%), witch hazel (82.05%) and rose aqueous (73.86%). From a panel of twenty three plant extracts, some one dozen exhibit high or satisfactory anti-collagenase or anti-elastase activities, with nine having inhibitory activity against both enzymes. These included white tea which was found to have very high phenolic content, along with high TEAC and SOD activities.
Hong Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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mesoscale modelling study of the interactions between aerosols and pbl meteorology during a haze episode in china jing jin ji and its near surrounding region part 2 aerosols radiative feedback effects
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2014Co-Authors: B. Chen, Hong Wang, Xiaochun Zhang, Sunling Gong, T. LiAbstract:Abstract. Two model experiments, namely a control (CTL) experiment without aerosol–radiation feedbacks and a experiment with online aerosol–radiation (RAD) interactions, were designed to study the radiative feedback on regional radiation budgets, planetary boundary layer (PBL) meteorology and haze formation due to aerosols during haze episodes over Jing–Jin–Ji, China, and its near surroundings (3JNS region of China: Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, East Shanxi, West Shandong and North Henan) with a two-way atmospheric chemical transport model. The impact of aerosols on solar radiation reaching Earth's surface, outgoing long-wave emission at the top of the atmosphere, air temperature, PBL turbulence diffusion, PBL height, wind speeds, air pressure pattern and PM2.5 has been studied focusing on a haze episode during the period from 7 to 11 July 2008. The results show that the mean solar radiation flux that reaches the ground decreases by about 15% in 3JNS and 20 to 25%in the region with the highest aerosol optical depth during the haze episode. The fact that aerosol cools the PBL atmosphere but warms the atmosphere above it leads to a more stable atmospheric stratification over the region, which causes a decrease in turbulence diffusion of about 52% and a decrease in the PBL height of about 33%. This consequently forms a positive feedback on the particle concentration within the PBL and the surface as well as the haze formation. Additionally, aerosol direct radiative forcing (DRF) increases PBL wind speed by about 9% and weakens the subtropical high by about 14 hPa, which aids the collapse of haze pollution and results in a negative feedback to the haze episode. The synthetic impacts from the two opposite feedbacks result in about a 14% increase in surface PM2.5. However, the persistence time of both high PM2.5 and haze pollution is not affected by the aerosol DRF. On the contrary over offshore China, aerosols heat the PBL atmosphere and cause unstable atmospheric stratification, but the impact and its feedback on the planetary boundary layer height, turbulence diffusion and wind is weak, with the exception of the evident impacts on the subtropical high.
B. Chen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Mesoscale modeling study of the interactions between aerosols and PBL meteorology during a haze episode in Jing-Jin-Ji (China) and its nearby surrounding region - Part 1: Aerosol distributions and meteorological features
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2015Co-Authors: Huamin Wang, S. C. Tan, H. Z. Che, M. Xue, C. H. Zhou, B. Chen, H.l. Liu, X. Y. Zhang, Hai Wang, T. LiAbstract:The urbanized region ofJing(Beijing)-Jin(Tianjin)-Ji (alias of Hebei province) and its nearby surrounding region (3JNS) is becoming China's most polluted area by haze, exceeding even the Yangtze and Pearl river deltas. Aside from pollutant emission, the meteorology of the planetary boundary layer (PBL) is the most important factor affecting haze pollution. Focusing on July 2008, the aerosol optical properties and PBL meteorology features closely related to haze formation were simulated in the 3JNS region using an online atmospheric chemical transport model. The relationship between regional PBL meteorology, PM2.5, and haze is discussed. Model results accurately simulated the aerosol optical depth (AOD), single scattering albedo (SSA) and asymmetry parameter (ASY), validated by comparison with observations from the MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), the China Aerosol Remote Sensing NETwork (CARSNET) and the Aerosol Robotic NETwork (AERONET). Modeled PBL wind speeds showed reasonable agreement with those from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Reanalysis 2. A monthly mean AOD value as high as 1.2 was found from both model and observations, with a daily mean larger than 2.0 during haze episodes in the 3JNS region. Modeled and observed SSA values of 0.90-0.96 and ASY values of 0.72-0.74 demonstrated the high scattering characteristic of summer aerosols in this region. PBL wind speeds from modeled and NCEP data both showed a reversing trend of PM2.5 variation, illustrating the importance of the 'PBL window shadow' in haze formation. Turbulence diffusion and PBL height had opposite phases to surface PM2.5, indicating that lower PBL height and weaker PBL turbulence diffusion are essential to haze formation. It is noted that homogeneous air pressure does not occur at the surface, but at an 850-950 hPa height during the haze episode. The momentum transmitting downward of the cold air from above the PBL to the low PBL and surface lead to an increase in surface wind speeds and haze dispersal.
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mesoscale modelling study of the interactions between aerosols and pbl meteorology during a haze episode in china jing jin ji and its near surrounding region part 2 aerosols radiative feedback effects
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2014Co-Authors: B. Chen, Hong Wang, Xiaochun Zhang, Sunling Gong, T. LiAbstract:Abstract. Two model experiments, namely a control (CTL) experiment without aerosol–radiation feedbacks and a experiment with online aerosol–radiation (RAD) interactions, were designed to study the radiative feedback on regional radiation budgets, planetary boundary layer (PBL) meteorology and haze formation due to aerosols during haze episodes over Jing–Jin–Ji, China, and its near surroundings (3JNS region of China: Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, East Shanxi, West Shandong and North Henan) with a two-way atmospheric chemical transport model. The impact of aerosols on solar radiation reaching Earth's surface, outgoing long-wave emission at the top of the atmosphere, air temperature, PBL turbulence diffusion, PBL height, wind speeds, air pressure pattern and PM2.5 has been studied focusing on a haze episode during the period from 7 to 11 July 2008. The results show that the mean solar radiation flux that reaches the ground decreases by about 15% in 3JNS and 20 to 25%in the region with the highest aerosol optical depth during the haze episode. The fact that aerosol cools the PBL atmosphere but warms the atmosphere above it leads to a more stable atmospheric stratification over the region, which causes a decrease in turbulence diffusion of about 52% and a decrease in the PBL height of about 33%. This consequently forms a positive feedback on the particle concentration within the PBL and the surface as well as the haze formation. Additionally, aerosol direct radiative forcing (DRF) increases PBL wind speed by about 9% and weakens the subtropical high by about 14 hPa, which aids the collapse of haze pollution and results in a negative feedback to the haze episode. The synthetic impacts from the two opposite feedbacks result in about a 14% increase in surface PM2.5. However, the persistence time of both high PM2.5 and haze pollution is not affected by the aerosol DRF. On the contrary over offshore China, aerosols heat the PBL atmosphere and cause unstable atmospheric stratification, but the impact and its feedback on the planetary boundary layer height, turbulence diffusion and wind is weak, with the exception of the evident impacts on the subtropical high.
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Mesoscale modeling study of the interactions between aerosols and PBL meteorology during a haze episode in China Jing-Jin-Ji and its near surrounding region -Part 2: Aerosols' radiative feedback effects
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions, 2014Co-Authors: Huamin Wang, G. Y. Shi, S. C. Tan, H. Z. Che, B. Chen, X. Y. Zhang, S L Gong, Hai Wang, T. LiAbstract:Two model experiments, namely a control (CTL) experiment without aerosol-radiation feedbacks and a RAD experiment with online aerosol-radiation interactions, were designed to study the radiative feedback on regional radiation budgets, PBL meteorology and haze formation due to aerosols during haze episodes over China Jing-Jin-Ji and its near surroundings (3JNS Region, for Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei Province, East Shanxi Province, West Shandong Province and North Henan Province) with a two-way atmospheric chemical transport model. The impact of aerosols on solar radiation reaching Earth's surface, outgoing longwave emission at the top of the atmosphere, air temperature, PBL turbulence diffusion, PBL height, wind speeds, air pressure pattern and PM2.5 has been studied focusing on a haze episode during the period from 7 to 11 July 2008. The results show that the mean solar radiation flux that reaches the ground decreases about 15% in China 3JNS Region and by 20 to 25% in the region with the highest AOD during the haze episode. The fact that aerosol cools the PBL atmosphere but warms the atmosphere above it leads to a more stable atmospheric stratification over the region, which causes a decrease in about 52% of turbulence diffusion and a decrease in about 33% of the PBL height. This consequently forms a positive feedback on the particle concentration within the PBL and the surface as well as the haze formation. On the other hands, aerosol DRF (direct radiative forcing) increases about 9% of PBL wind speed, weakens the subtropical high by about 14 hPa, which aids the collapse of haze pollution, resulting in a negative feedback to the haze episode. The synthetic impacts from the two opposite feedbacks result in about a 14% increase in surface PM2.5. However, the persistence time of both high PM2.5 and haze pollution is not effected by the aerosol DRF. On the contrary over offshore China, aerosols heat the PBL atmosphere and cause unstable atmospheric stratification, but the impact and its feedback on the PBLH, turbulence diffusion and wind is weak except its evident impacts on the subtropical high.
Huamin Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Mesoscale modeling study of the interactions between aerosols and PBL meteorology during a haze episode in Jing-Jin-Ji (China) and its nearby surrounding region - Part 1: Aerosol distributions and meteorological features
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2015Co-Authors: Huamin Wang, S. C. Tan, H. Z. Che, M. Xue, C. H. Zhou, B. Chen, H.l. Liu, X. Y. Zhang, Hai Wang, T. LiAbstract:The urbanized region ofJing(Beijing)-Jin(Tianjin)-Ji (alias of Hebei province) and its nearby surrounding region (3JNS) is becoming China's most polluted area by haze, exceeding even the Yangtze and Pearl river deltas. Aside from pollutant emission, the meteorology of the planetary boundary layer (PBL) is the most important factor affecting haze pollution. Focusing on July 2008, the aerosol optical properties and PBL meteorology features closely related to haze formation were simulated in the 3JNS region using an online atmospheric chemical transport model. The relationship between regional PBL meteorology, PM2.5, and haze is discussed. Model results accurately simulated the aerosol optical depth (AOD), single scattering albedo (SSA) and asymmetry parameter (ASY), validated by comparison with observations from the MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), the China Aerosol Remote Sensing NETwork (CARSNET) and the Aerosol Robotic NETwork (AERONET). Modeled PBL wind speeds showed reasonable agreement with those from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Reanalysis 2. A monthly mean AOD value as high as 1.2 was found from both model and observations, with a daily mean larger than 2.0 during haze episodes in the 3JNS region. Modeled and observed SSA values of 0.90-0.96 and ASY values of 0.72-0.74 demonstrated the high scattering characteristic of summer aerosols in this region. PBL wind speeds from modeled and NCEP data both showed a reversing trend of PM2.5 variation, illustrating the importance of the 'PBL window shadow' in haze formation. Turbulence diffusion and PBL height had opposite phases to surface PM2.5, indicating that lower PBL height and weaker PBL turbulence diffusion are essential to haze formation. It is noted that homogeneous air pressure does not occur at the surface, but at an 850-950 hPa height during the haze episode. The momentum transmitting downward of the cold air from above the PBL to the low PBL and surface lead to an increase in surface wind speeds and haze dispersal.
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Mesoscale modeling study of the interactions between aerosols and PBL meteorology during a haze episode in China Jing-Jin-Ji and its near surrounding region -Part 2: Aerosols' radiative feedback effects
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions, 2014Co-Authors: Huamin Wang, G. Y. Shi, S. C. Tan, H. Z. Che, B. Chen, X. Y. Zhang, S L Gong, Hai Wang, T. LiAbstract:Two model experiments, namely a control (CTL) experiment without aerosol-radiation feedbacks and a RAD experiment with online aerosol-radiation interactions, were designed to study the radiative feedback on regional radiation budgets, PBL meteorology and haze formation due to aerosols during haze episodes over China Jing-Jin-Ji and its near surroundings (3JNS Region, for Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei Province, East Shanxi Province, West Shandong Province and North Henan Province) with a two-way atmospheric chemical transport model. The impact of aerosols on solar radiation reaching Earth's surface, outgoing longwave emission at the top of the atmosphere, air temperature, PBL turbulence diffusion, PBL height, wind speeds, air pressure pattern and PM2.5 has been studied focusing on a haze episode during the period from 7 to 11 July 2008. The results show that the mean solar radiation flux that reaches the ground decreases about 15% in China 3JNS Region and by 20 to 25% in the region with the highest AOD during the haze episode. The fact that aerosol cools the PBL atmosphere but warms the atmosphere above it leads to a more stable atmospheric stratification over the region, which causes a decrease in about 52% of turbulence diffusion and a decrease in about 33% of the PBL height. This consequently forms a positive feedback on the particle concentration within the PBL and the surface as well as the haze formation. On the other hands, aerosol DRF (direct radiative forcing) increases about 9% of PBL wind speed, weakens the subtropical high by about 14 hPa, which aids the collapse of haze pollution, resulting in a negative feedback to the haze episode. The synthetic impacts from the two opposite feedbacks result in about a 14% increase in surface PM2.5. However, the persistence time of both high PM2.5 and haze pollution is not effected by the aerosol DRF. On the contrary over offshore China, aerosols heat the PBL atmosphere and cause unstable atmospheric stratification, but the impact and its feedback on the PBLH, turbulence diffusion and wind is weak except its evident impacts on the subtropical high.
