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Sue Mungre - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of a time out session with Working Animal assisted therapy dogs
Journal of Veterinary Behavior-clinical Applications and Research, 2011Co-Authors: Camille King, Jason V. Watters, Sue MungreAbstract:Animal-assisted therapy (AAT) is the therapeutic involvement of specially trained Animals in various clinical situations to assist people both physically and psychologically. Although there is some controversy in the research that supports the benefits received by people when they interact with AAT dogs, many studies have demonstrated positive effects of AAT. AAT dogs work with their handlers in busy hospital environments. Although these dogs are trained to work in therapeutic situations, they could experience stress in ever-changing environments. This research studied the effect of a “quiet-play” time-out session on AAT dogs during their work shifts. Salivary cortisol specimens were collected at 3-time intervals and survey data were collected from each handler after completion of the work shift. Cortisol levels from baseline to one hour into the work shift showed elevation (P = 0.025). Cortisol levels were not significant across the 3 samples (baseline, hour 1 [H1], and hour 2.5 [H2.5]) when comparing the dogs with a time-out session and without a time-out session. Survey data showed multiple trends including (1) younger dogs, aged <6 years, showed more behavioral signs of stress than older dogs (P = 0.017), and (2) experienced AAT dogs showed a trend of less behavioral signs of stress than less experienced AAT dogs (P = 0.08).
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Effect of a time-out session with Working Animal-assisted therapy dogs
Journal of Veterinary Behavior-clinical Applications and Research, 2011Co-Authors: Camille King, Jason V. Watters, Sue MungreAbstract:Animal-assisted therapy (AAT) is the therapeutic involvement of specially trained Animals in various clinical situations to assist people both physically and psychologically. Although there is some controversy in the research that supports the benefits received by people when they interact with AAT dogs, many studies have demonstrated positive effects of AAT. AAT dogs work with their handlers in busy hospital environments. Although these dogs are trained to work in therapeutic situations, they could experience stress in ever-changing environments. This research studied the effect of a “quiet-play” time-out session on AAT dogs during their work shifts. Salivary cortisol specimens were collected at 3-time intervals and survey data were collected from each handler after completion of the work shift. Cortisol levels from baseline to one hour into the work shift showed elevation (P = 0.025). Cortisol levels were not significant across the 3 samples (baseline, hour 1 [H1], and hour 2.5 [H2.5]) when comparing the dogs with a time-out session and without a time-out session. Survey data showed multiple trends including (1) younger dogs, aged
Camille King - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of a time out session with Working Animal assisted therapy dogs
Journal of Veterinary Behavior-clinical Applications and Research, 2011Co-Authors: Camille King, Jason V. Watters, Sue MungreAbstract:Animal-assisted therapy (AAT) is the therapeutic involvement of specially trained Animals in various clinical situations to assist people both physically and psychologically. Although there is some controversy in the research that supports the benefits received by people when they interact with AAT dogs, many studies have demonstrated positive effects of AAT. AAT dogs work with their handlers in busy hospital environments. Although these dogs are trained to work in therapeutic situations, they could experience stress in ever-changing environments. This research studied the effect of a “quiet-play” time-out session on AAT dogs during their work shifts. Salivary cortisol specimens were collected at 3-time intervals and survey data were collected from each handler after completion of the work shift. Cortisol levels from baseline to one hour into the work shift showed elevation (P = 0.025). Cortisol levels were not significant across the 3 samples (baseline, hour 1 [H1], and hour 2.5 [H2.5]) when comparing the dogs with a time-out session and without a time-out session. Survey data showed multiple trends including (1) younger dogs, aged <6 years, showed more behavioral signs of stress than older dogs (P = 0.017), and (2) experienced AAT dogs showed a trend of less behavioral signs of stress than less experienced AAT dogs (P = 0.08).
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Effect of a time-out session with Working Animal-assisted therapy dogs
Journal of Veterinary Behavior-clinical Applications and Research, 2011Co-Authors: Camille King, Jason V. Watters, Sue MungreAbstract:Animal-assisted therapy (AAT) is the therapeutic involvement of specially trained Animals in various clinical situations to assist people both physically and psychologically. Although there is some controversy in the research that supports the benefits received by people when they interact with AAT dogs, many studies have demonstrated positive effects of AAT. AAT dogs work with their handlers in busy hospital environments. Although these dogs are trained to work in therapeutic situations, they could experience stress in ever-changing environments. This research studied the effect of a “quiet-play” time-out session on AAT dogs during their work shifts. Salivary cortisol specimens were collected at 3-time intervals and survey data were collected from each handler after completion of the work shift. Cortisol levels from baseline to one hour into the work shift showed elevation (P = 0.025). Cortisol levels were not significant across the 3 samples (baseline, hour 1 [H1], and hour 2.5 [H2.5]) when comparing the dogs with a time-out session and without a time-out session. Survey data showed multiple trends including (1) younger dogs, aged
Jason V. Watters - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of a time out session with Working Animal assisted therapy dogs
Journal of Veterinary Behavior-clinical Applications and Research, 2011Co-Authors: Camille King, Jason V. Watters, Sue MungreAbstract:Animal-assisted therapy (AAT) is the therapeutic involvement of specially trained Animals in various clinical situations to assist people both physically and psychologically. Although there is some controversy in the research that supports the benefits received by people when they interact with AAT dogs, many studies have demonstrated positive effects of AAT. AAT dogs work with their handlers in busy hospital environments. Although these dogs are trained to work in therapeutic situations, they could experience stress in ever-changing environments. This research studied the effect of a “quiet-play” time-out session on AAT dogs during their work shifts. Salivary cortisol specimens were collected at 3-time intervals and survey data were collected from each handler after completion of the work shift. Cortisol levels from baseline to one hour into the work shift showed elevation (P = 0.025). Cortisol levels were not significant across the 3 samples (baseline, hour 1 [H1], and hour 2.5 [H2.5]) when comparing the dogs with a time-out session and without a time-out session. Survey data showed multiple trends including (1) younger dogs, aged <6 years, showed more behavioral signs of stress than older dogs (P = 0.017), and (2) experienced AAT dogs showed a trend of less behavioral signs of stress than less experienced AAT dogs (P = 0.08).
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Effect of a time-out session with Working Animal-assisted therapy dogs
Journal of Veterinary Behavior-clinical Applications and Research, 2011Co-Authors: Camille King, Jason V. Watters, Sue MungreAbstract:Animal-assisted therapy (AAT) is the therapeutic involvement of specially trained Animals in various clinical situations to assist people both physically and psychologically. Although there is some controversy in the research that supports the benefits received by people when they interact with AAT dogs, many studies have demonstrated positive effects of AAT. AAT dogs work with their handlers in busy hospital environments. Although these dogs are trained to work in therapeutic situations, they could experience stress in ever-changing environments. This research studied the effect of a “quiet-play” time-out session on AAT dogs during their work shifts. Salivary cortisol specimens were collected at 3-time intervals and survey data were collected from each handler after completion of the work shift. Cortisol levels from baseline to one hour into the work shift showed elevation (P = 0.025). Cortisol levels were not significant across the 3 samples (baseline, hour 1 [H1], and hour 2.5 [H2.5]) when comparing the dogs with a time-out session and without a time-out session. Survey data showed multiple trends including (1) younger dogs, aged
G De'ath - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Feed utilization, energy expenditure and nitrogen metabolism in Working female buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)
Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 1991Co-Authors: E Teleni, R Pieterson, G De'athAbstract:Four 36-months-old female buffaloes, with a mean liveweight of 345 kg, were used in a study designed to estimate the effect of work (3 h/day) on feed utilization, energy expenditure and nitrogen metabolism. The Animals were studied under ambient temperatures and relative humidities ranging from 25.3 to 32.5'C and 45 to 82% respectively, and were fed rice straw (0.8% nitrogen) ad libitum, supplemented with cottonseed meal at 500 g head-1 day-1 to result in a dietary nitrogen content of 1.15%. Work did not affect the digestibility of the feed but tended to reduce (P=0.054) ad libitum intake of its organic matter. Rectal temperatures and respiration rates were increased during work from 37.7 to a peak of 40.8¦C and from 40 to a peak of 130 counts/min respectively. The ratio of Working : resting metabolic rate, as calculated from CO2 entry rates, was approximately 2.6. Estimates of energy expenditures from CO2 entry rates showed increases in the Working Animal by 2.3 to 2.7 times the resting values. Nitrogen balance was reduced in the Working Animal owing to increased catabolism of amino acids and the resultant increased excretion of urea via the urine. Urea entry rate was increased in the Working Animal, but the proportion of this that was estimated to be transferred to the digestive tract was not different from that in the non-Working Animal, although the amount transferred was greater in the Working Animal. It is suggested that increased muscular activity in the Working Animal would tend to reduce ad libitum intake of organic matter of a roughage such as rice straw, but could increase digestibility of organic matter possibly through reduction in the rate of passage of digesta and/or through increased amount of urea transferred to the rumen containing lower than an optimal level of ammonia. The increased catabolism of amino acids associated with increased muscular activity is likely to result in a reduced nitrogen balance due to the likely increased urea excretion via the urine. It is also suggested that CO2 entry rate could offer a reasonable estimate of energy expenditure in the resting and the Working Animal.
Abigayle L. Grimm - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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An Examination of Why Permitting Therapy Dogs to Assist Child-Victims When Testifying during Criminal Trials Should Not Be Permitted
The Journal of Gender Race and Justice, 2013Co-Authors: Abigayle L. GrimmAbstract:I. Introduction"One reason a dog can be such a comfort when you're feeling blue is that he doesn't try to find out why."-Unknown1For the first time, state courts, such as those in New York2 and Connecticut3, have permitted children alleging sexual-assault to use therapy dogs to assist them while testifying on the witness stand during the criminal trial of their accused abusers.4 As a result, defendants such as Victor Tohom in the New York case People v. Tohom are appealing their convictions based on the fact that the presence of a dog unfairly prejudiced the trial.5 Courts must now decide whether, in Tohom and other similar cases, a court should permit a minor-child crime victim to use a courtroom dog as an emotional aid while testifying against the defendant.6Ultimately, through analysis of the Sixth Amendment Confrontation Clause, related case law, relevant statutes, and scholarly studies, this Note will demonstrate that allowing therapy dogs to assist minor-child crime victims while testifying on the witness stand against defendants present in the courtroom during particularly stressful situations should not be permitted.7 First, this Note will explore the uses of and proper distinctions between "therapy" and "service" dogs in court.8 This Note then examines People v. Tohom, other unreported cases, and relevant Sixth Amendment Confrontation Clause jurisprudence including federal Confrontation Clause case law and analogous state case law.9 Second, this Note will analyze typical prosecution and defense arguments related to the use of therapy dogs in the courtroom.10 Third, this Note will conclude that, although defendants such as Tohom do not have an absolute right to unfettered face-to-face confrontation-particularly in cases where the defendant sexually abused children"-the alternatives to using therapy dogs during face-to-face confrontation prove to be more workable (and constitutional) solutions to dealing with this issue.12This Note does not address all arguments that a defendant, such as Tohom, may have on appeal. It does not cover due process claims related to prosecutorial misconduct. This Note also does not cover claims based on Federal Rule of Evidence 403. Instead, this Note focuses on a defendant's potential Sixth Amendment Confrontation Clause argument, and, to a lesser extent, a defendant's due process right to a fair and impartial trial.II. BackgroundFirst, this Part clarifies the focus of the subsequent analysis by specifying what type of service or therapy Animal is relevant to the discussion. Second, this Part will examine the case of People v. Tohom and its significance to the current legal debate surrounding the permissibility of dogs in courtrooms to assist minor-child victims in a testimonial capacity.13 Third, this Part will explore the Sixth Amendment Confrontation Clause and related unpublished Confrontation Clause case law because no directly relevant published opinions exist.A. Differentiation Between Traditional "Service"Dogs and "Therapy" or "Courtroom " Dogs Usedfor Courtroom TestimonyContrary to popular opinion, "service" and "therapy" dogs in and out of the courtroom play different roles.14 The media often confuses or misuses these labels, complicating an already confusing discussion.15 The confusion necessitates distinguishing the two terms in order to discuss this Note's topic because "service" dogs are irrelevant to the discussion and only a particular type of "therapy" dog is pertinent to this Note.Service dogs are not pets. A service dog is a formally trained Working Animal that plays a significant role in a disabled person's life.16 In the United States, the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) prohibits discrimination based on disability and protects the use of these Animals.17 ADA generally states that a "service Animal" must be allowed to travel everywhere with its owner, the disabled person.18 ADA forbids business owners from treating these Animals as "pets. …
