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Per Egil Refsnes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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work time profile blood lactate concentration and rating of perceived exertion in the 1998 greco roman wrestling World Championship
Journal of Sports Sciences, 2002Co-Authors: Johnny Nilsson, Sandor Csergo, Lennart Gullstrand, Per Tveit, Per Egil RefsnesAbstract:The aim of this study was to examine work-time profiles, blood lactate concentrations and perceived exertion among Greco-Roman wrestlers in the 1998 World Championship. Forty-two senior wrestlers from nine nations were studied in 94 matches. Each match was recorded with a video camera (Panasonic AG 455, film rate: 25 Hz) and analysed for duration of work (wrestling) and rest (interrupt) periods. Blood lactate concentration was determined with an electrochemical device (Analox P-LM5) and a rating of perceived exertion scale (Borg) was used to estimate general exertion and exertion in the extremity and trunk muscles. The mean duration of the matches was 427 s (range 324-535 s), with mean durations of work and rest of 317 and 110 s, respectively. The mean periods of work and rest were 37.2 and 13.8 s, respectively. Mean blood lactate concentration was 14.8 mmol · l -1 (range 6.9-20.6). The difference in mean blood lactate concentration between the first- and final-round matches was not significant ( P > 0.05...
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work time profile blood lactate concentration and rating of perceived exertion in the 1998 greco roman wrestling World Championship
Journal of Sports Sciences, 2002Co-Authors: Johnny Nilsson, Sandor Csergo, Lennart Gullstrand, Per Tveit, Per Egil RefsnesAbstract:The aim of this study was to examine work-time profiles, blood lactate concentrations and perceived exertion among Greco-Roman wrestlers in the 1998 World Championship. Forty-two senior wrestlers from nine nations were studied in 94 matches. Each match was recorded with a video camera (Panasonic AG 455, film rate: 25 Hz) and analysed for duration of work (wrestling) and rest (interrupt) periods. Blood lactate concentration was determined with an electrochemical device (Analox P-LM5) and a rating of perceived exertion scale (Borg) was used to estimate general exertion and exertion in the extremity and trunk muscles. The mean duration of the matches was 427 s (range 324-535 s), with mean durations of work and rest of 317 and 110 s, respectively. The mean periods of work and rest were 37.2 and 13.8 s, respectively. Mean blood lactate concentration was 14.8 mmol x 1(-1) (range 6.9-20.6). The difference in mean blood lactate concentration between the first- and final-round matches was not significant (P > 0.05). Blood lactate concentration was significantly higher (P < 0.04) in matches of long duration than in those of short duration. The mean general rating of perceived exertion for all matches was 13.8 according to the scale used. Most of the wrestlers (53.3%) perceived exertion to be highest in the flexors of the forearm, followed by the deltoids (17.4%) and the biceps brachii muscles (12.0%). In addition to a relatively high rating of perceived exertion in the arm muscles, this indicates a high specific load on the flexor muscles of the forearm.
Brian Hanley - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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pacing profiles of olympic and iaaf World Championship long distance runners
Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2021Co-Authors: Luca Filipas, Antonio La Torre, Brian HanleyAbstract:The aim of this study was to analyze the pacing profiles of Olympic and IAAF World Championship long distance finalists, including the relationship with their recent best times. The times for each 1,000-m split were obtained for 394 men and women in 5,000 m and 10,000 m finals at five Championships. Athletes’ best times from the previous 32 months were also obtained. Similar pacing profiles were used by athletes grouped by finishing position in 5,000 m races. Women adopted a more even pacing behavior, highlighting a possible sex-based difference over this distance. Pacing behavior over 10,000 m was more similar between men and women compared with over 5,000 m. The main difference between men and women was that in the men's 10,000 m, as in the men’s 5,000 m, more athletes were able to follow the leading group until the final stages. There were large or very large correlations between athletes’ best times from the previous 32 months and their result; the fastest finishers also ran closer to their previous 32 months’ best times. Despite differences in pacing behavior between events, long distance runners should nonetheless stay close to the front from the beginning to win a medal.
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footstrike patterns and race performance in the 2017 iaaf World Championship men s 10 000 m final
Sports Biomechanics, 2021Co-Authors: Brian Hanley, Athanassios Bissas, Catherine B Tucker, Stephane Merlino, Allison H GruberAbstract:Midfoot- (MFS) and forefoot-striking (FFS) runners usually switch to rearfoot-striking (RFS) during marathons. However, World-class runners might resist modifications during shorter races. The purpose of this study was to analyse footstrike patterns, ground contact times and running speeds in a World Championship men’s 10,000 m final. Footstrike patterns and contact times of the top 12 finishing men (24 ± 5 years) were recorded (150 Hz) during laps 1, 5, 11, 15, 20 and 25. Split times for each 100-m segment were obtained. No RFS patterns were observed; there was no difference between the number of FFS and MFS athletes at any distance (p ≥ 0.581) and no change in the proportions of FFS and MFS occurred (p = 0.383). No link between race performance and footstrike pattern appeared given the similar number who used FFS or MFS and their similar finishing times. Despite slower running speeds and longer contact times in the middle of the race (p ≤ 0.024), no effect on footstrike patterns occurred. The prevalence of anterior footstrike patterns in this World-class race reflects the capability of maintaining fast paces (>22 km/h). Changes in footstrike pattern might accompany the physiological and neuromuscular effects of fatigue over longer distances.
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lane and heat draw have little effect on placings and progression in olympic and iaaf World Championship 800 m running
Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 2019Co-Authors: Brian Hanley, Arturo Casado, Andrew RenfreeAbstract:The aim of this study was to establish whether the lane and heat draw influenced placings and progression in World-class 800-m track running. Finishing positions and times of 1086 performances at the Olympic Games and IAAF World Championships between 1999 and 2017 were obtained. Mean finishing and season’s best times (SB), as well as placings and progression rates, were found for each heat number and for the inner (Lanes 1 and 2), middle (Lanes 3 – 6) and outer lanes (Lanes 7 and 8). In the qualifying heats and semi-finals, the theoretically expected number of fastest losers (non-automatic qualifiers) per heat was compared with the actual number. One-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc tests were conducted to compare finishing times between lane and heat numbers across rounds. With regard to the order of heats, there were no differences between finishing times in either the qualifying heats or semi-final rounds for men; in the women’s event, only Semi-final 3 was the quickest, but still did not have higher progression rates. SB times did not differ between heats within each round, highlighting the fair distribution of athletes. Progression rates for each lane during the qualifying heats ranged between 36% and 52% (men) and between 49% and 61% (women), close to the expected ranges of 45% and 55%, respectively. The middle lanes were quicker in the seeded semi-finals and finals only. Men in the outer lanes fared slightly worse and should focus on achieving the optimal tactical position after breaking from lanes. The IAAF could reconsider how they allocate seeded lanes in the later rounds by switching the fifth and sixth fastest athletes from the outer to the inner lanes. Regarding the heat draw, athletes mostly did not take advantage of knowing previous performances from earlier races, and probably focused on achieving an automatic qualifying position instead. However, the fastest losers in the women’s last semi-final were faster and showed that benefitting from the heat draw is possible with tactical coaching.
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successful pacing profiles of olympic and iaaf World Championship middle distance runners across qualifying rounds and finals
International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 2019Co-Authors: Brian Hanley, Trent Stellingwerff, Florentina J HettingaAbstract:Purpose: This was the first study to analyze high-resolution pacing data from multiple global Championships, allowing for deeper and rigorous analysis of pacing and tactical profiles in elite-standard middle-distance racing. The aim of this study was to analyze successful and unsuccessful middle-distance pacing profiles and variability across qualifying rounds and finals. Methods: Finishing and 100-m split speeds and season’s best times (SB) were collected for 265 men and 218 women competing in 800 m and 1500 m races, with pace variability expressed using coefficient of variation (CV). Results: In both events, successful athletes generally separated themselves from slower athletes in the final 200 m, not by speeding up, but by avoiding slowing compared with competitors. This was despite different pacing profiles between events in the earlier part of the race preceding the endspurt. Approximately 10% of athletes ran SBs, showing a tactical approach to elite-standard middle-distance racing, and possible fatigue across rounds. Men’s and women’s pacing profiles were remarkably similar within each event, but the previously undescribed seahorse-shaped profile in the 800 m (predominantly positive pacing) differed from the J-shaped negative pacing of the 1500 m. Pacing variability was high compared with World records, especially in the finals (CV: 5.2 – 9.1%), showing that athletes need to be able to vary pace and cope with surges. Conclusions: Previous studies have focussed more on athletes in finals, but the present study showed that the best athletes had the physiological capacity to vary pace and respond to surges through successive competition rounds.
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champions are racers not pacers an analysis of qualification patterns of olympic and iaaf World Championship middle distance runners
Journal of Sports Sciences, 2018Co-Authors: Brian Hanley, Florentina J HettingaAbstract:The aim of this study was to analyse qualification patterns in middle distance running and identify whether athletes adopt theoretically optimal tactics, or whether the will to win overrides these....
Johnny Nilsson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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work time profile blood lactate concentration and rating of perceived exertion in the 1998 greco roman wrestling World Championship
Journal of Sports Sciences, 2002Co-Authors: Johnny Nilsson, Sandor Csergo, Lennart Gullstrand, Per Tveit, Per Egil RefsnesAbstract:The aim of this study was to examine work-time profiles, blood lactate concentrations and perceived exertion among Greco-Roman wrestlers in the 1998 World Championship. Forty-two senior wrestlers from nine nations were studied in 94 matches. Each match was recorded with a video camera (Panasonic AG 455, film rate: 25 Hz) and analysed for duration of work (wrestling) and rest (interrupt) periods. Blood lactate concentration was determined with an electrochemical device (Analox P-LM5) and a rating of perceived exertion scale (Borg) was used to estimate general exertion and exertion in the extremity and trunk muscles. The mean duration of the matches was 427 s (range 324-535 s), with mean durations of work and rest of 317 and 110 s, respectively. The mean periods of work and rest were 37.2 and 13.8 s, respectively. Mean blood lactate concentration was 14.8 mmol · l -1 (range 6.9-20.6). The difference in mean blood lactate concentration between the first- and final-round matches was not significant ( P > 0.05...
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work time profile blood lactate concentration and rating of perceived exertion in the 1998 greco roman wrestling World Championship
Journal of Sports Sciences, 2002Co-Authors: Johnny Nilsson, Sandor Csergo, Lennart Gullstrand, Per Tveit, Per Egil RefsnesAbstract:The aim of this study was to examine work-time profiles, blood lactate concentrations and perceived exertion among Greco-Roman wrestlers in the 1998 World Championship. Forty-two senior wrestlers from nine nations were studied in 94 matches. Each match was recorded with a video camera (Panasonic AG 455, film rate: 25 Hz) and analysed for duration of work (wrestling) and rest (interrupt) periods. Blood lactate concentration was determined with an electrochemical device (Analox P-LM5) and a rating of perceived exertion scale (Borg) was used to estimate general exertion and exertion in the extremity and trunk muscles. The mean duration of the matches was 427 s (range 324-535 s), with mean durations of work and rest of 317 and 110 s, respectively. The mean periods of work and rest were 37.2 and 13.8 s, respectively. Mean blood lactate concentration was 14.8 mmol x 1(-1) (range 6.9-20.6). The difference in mean blood lactate concentration between the first- and final-round matches was not significant (P > 0.05). Blood lactate concentration was significantly higher (P < 0.04) in matches of long duration than in those of short duration. The mean general rating of perceived exertion for all matches was 13.8 according to the scale used. Most of the wrestlers (53.3%) perceived exertion to be highest in the flexors of the forearm, followed by the deltoids (17.4%) and the biceps brachii muscles (12.0%). In addition to a relatively high rating of perceived exertion in the arm muscles, this indicates a high specific load on the flexor muscles of the forearm.
Florentina J Hettinga - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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successful pacing profiles of olympic and iaaf World Championship middle distance runners across qualifying rounds and finals
International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 2019Co-Authors: Brian Hanley, Trent Stellingwerff, Florentina J HettingaAbstract:Purpose: This was the first study to analyze high-resolution pacing data from multiple global Championships, allowing for deeper and rigorous analysis of pacing and tactical profiles in elite-standard middle-distance racing. The aim of this study was to analyze successful and unsuccessful middle-distance pacing profiles and variability across qualifying rounds and finals. Methods: Finishing and 100-m split speeds and season’s best times (SB) were collected for 265 men and 218 women competing in 800 m and 1500 m races, with pace variability expressed using coefficient of variation (CV). Results: In both events, successful athletes generally separated themselves from slower athletes in the final 200 m, not by speeding up, but by avoiding slowing compared with competitors. This was despite different pacing profiles between events in the earlier part of the race preceding the endspurt. Approximately 10% of athletes ran SBs, showing a tactical approach to elite-standard middle-distance racing, and possible fatigue across rounds. Men’s and women’s pacing profiles were remarkably similar within each event, but the previously undescribed seahorse-shaped profile in the 800 m (predominantly positive pacing) differed from the J-shaped negative pacing of the 1500 m. Pacing variability was high compared with World records, especially in the finals (CV: 5.2 – 9.1%), showing that athletes need to be able to vary pace and cope with surges. Conclusions: Previous studies have focussed more on athletes in finals, but the present study showed that the best athletes had the physiological capacity to vary pace and respond to surges through successive competition rounds.
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champions are racers not pacers an analysis of qualification patterns of olympic and iaaf World Championship middle distance runners
Journal of Sports Sciences, 2018Co-Authors: Brian Hanley, Florentina J HettingaAbstract:The aim of this study was to analyse qualification patterns in middle distance running and identify whether athletes adopt theoretically optimal tactics, or whether the will to win overrides these....
Sandor Csergo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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work time profile blood lactate concentration and rating of perceived exertion in the 1998 greco roman wrestling World Championship
Journal of Sports Sciences, 2002Co-Authors: Johnny Nilsson, Sandor Csergo, Lennart Gullstrand, Per Tveit, Per Egil RefsnesAbstract:The aim of this study was to examine work-time profiles, blood lactate concentrations and perceived exertion among Greco-Roman wrestlers in the 1998 World Championship. Forty-two senior wrestlers from nine nations were studied in 94 matches. Each match was recorded with a video camera (Panasonic AG 455, film rate: 25 Hz) and analysed for duration of work (wrestling) and rest (interrupt) periods. Blood lactate concentration was determined with an electrochemical device (Analox P-LM5) and a rating of perceived exertion scale (Borg) was used to estimate general exertion and exertion in the extremity and trunk muscles. The mean duration of the matches was 427 s (range 324-535 s), with mean durations of work and rest of 317 and 110 s, respectively. The mean periods of work and rest were 37.2 and 13.8 s, respectively. Mean blood lactate concentration was 14.8 mmol · l -1 (range 6.9-20.6). The difference in mean blood lactate concentration between the first- and final-round matches was not significant ( P > 0.05...
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work time profile blood lactate concentration and rating of perceived exertion in the 1998 greco roman wrestling World Championship
Journal of Sports Sciences, 2002Co-Authors: Johnny Nilsson, Sandor Csergo, Lennart Gullstrand, Per Tveit, Per Egil RefsnesAbstract:The aim of this study was to examine work-time profiles, blood lactate concentrations and perceived exertion among Greco-Roman wrestlers in the 1998 World Championship. Forty-two senior wrestlers from nine nations were studied in 94 matches. Each match was recorded with a video camera (Panasonic AG 455, film rate: 25 Hz) and analysed for duration of work (wrestling) and rest (interrupt) periods. Blood lactate concentration was determined with an electrochemical device (Analox P-LM5) and a rating of perceived exertion scale (Borg) was used to estimate general exertion and exertion in the extremity and trunk muscles. The mean duration of the matches was 427 s (range 324-535 s), with mean durations of work and rest of 317 and 110 s, respectively. The mean periods of work and rest were 37.2 and 13.8 s, respectively. Mean blood lactate concentration was 14.8 mmol x 1(-1) (range 6.9-20.6). The difference in mean blood lactate concentration between the first- and final-round matches was not significant (P > 0.05). Blood lactate concentration was significantly higher (P < 0.04) in matches of long duration than in those of short duration. The mean general rating of perceived exertion for all matches was 13.8 according to the scale used. Most of the wrestlers (53.3%) perceived exertion to be highest in the flexors of the forearm, followed by the deltoids (17.4%) and the biceps brachii muscles (12.0%). In addition to a relatively high rating of perceived exertion in the arm muscles, this indicates a high specific load on the flexor muscles of the forearm.