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Øystein Sæle - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Loss of stomach, loss of appetite? Sequencing of the ballan Wrasse (Labrus bergylta) genome and intestinal transcriptomic profiling illuminate the evolution of loss of stomach function in fish
BMC Genomics, 2018Co-Authors: Ole K. Tørresen, Sissel Jentoft, Monica Hongrø Solbakken, Ivar Rønnestad, Ave Tooming-klunderud, Alexander J. Nederbragt, Øystein SæleAbstract:Background The ballan Wrasse ( Labrus bergylta ) belongs to a large teleost family containing more than 600 species showing several unique evolutionary traits such as lack of stomach and hermaphroditism. Agastric fish are found throughout the teleost phylogeny, in quite diverse and unrelated lineages, indicating stomach loss has occurred independently multiple times in the course of evolution. By assembling the ballan Wrasse genome and transcriptome we aimed to determine the genetic basis for its digestive system function and appetite regulation. Among other, this knowledge will aid the formulation of aquaculture diets that meet the nutritional needs of agastric species. Results Long and short read sequencing technologies were combined to generate a ballan Wrasse genome of 805 Mbp. Analysis of the genome and transcriptome assemblies confirmed the absence of genes that code for proteins involved in gastric function. The gene coding for the appetite stimulating protein ghrelin was also absent in Wrasse. Gene synteny mapping identified several appetite-controlling genes and their paralogs previously undescribed in fish. Transcriptome profiling along the length of the intestine found a declining expression gradient from the anterior to the posterior, and a distinct expression profile in the hind gut. Conclusions We showed gene loss has occurred for all known genes related to stomach function in the ballan Wrasse, while the remaining functions of the digestive tract appear intact. The results also show appetite control in ballan Wrasse has undergone substantial changes. The loss of ghrelin suggests that other genes, such as motilin, may play a ghrelin like role. The Wrasse genome offers novel insight in to the evolutionary traits of this large family. As the stomach plays a major role in protein digestion, the lack of genes related to stomach digestion in Wrasse suggests it requires formulated diets with higher levels of readily digestible protein than those for gastric species.
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loss of stomach loss of appetite sequencing of the ballan Wrasse labrus bergylta genome and intestinal transcriptomic profiling illuminate the evolution of loss of stomach function in fish
BMC Genomics, 2018Co-Authors: Kai Kristoffer Lie, Sissel Jentoft, Ole K. Tørresen, Monica Hongrø Solbakken, Ivar Rønnestad, Alexander J. Nederbragt, Ave Toomingklunderud, Øystein SæleAbstract:The ballan Wrasse (Labrus bergylta) belongs to a large teleost family containing more than 600 species showing several unique evolutionary traits such as lack of stomach and hermaphroditism. Agastric fish are found throughout the teleost phylogeny, in quite diverse and unrelated lineages, indicating stomach loss has occurred independently multiple times in the course of evolution. By assembling the ballan Wrasse genome and transcriptome we aimed to determine the genetic basis for its digestive system function and appetite regulation. Among other, this knowledge will aid the formulation of aquaculture diets that meet the nutritional needs of agastric species. Long and short read sequencing technologies were combined to generate a ballan Wrasse genome of 805 Mbp. Analysis of the genome and transcriptome assemblies confirmed the absence of genes that code for proteins involved in gastric function. The gene coding for the appetite stimulating protein ghrelin was also absent in Wrasse. Gene synteny mapping identified several appetite-controlling genes and their paralogs previously undescribed in fish. Transcriptome profiling along the length of the intestine found a declining expression gradient from the anterior to the posterior, and a distinct expression profile in the hind gut. We showed gene loss has occurred for all known genes related to stomach function in the ballan Wrasse, while the remaining functions of the digestive tract appear intact. The results also show appetite control in ballan Wrasse has undergone substantial changes. The loss of ghrelin suggests that other genes, such as motilin, may play a ghrelin like role. The Wrasse genome offers novel insight in to the evolutionary traits of this large family. As the stomach plays a major role in protein digestion, the lack of genes related to stomach digestion in Wrasse suggests it requires formulated diets with higher levels of readily digestible protein than those for gastric species.
Alexandra S. Grutter - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Cleaner Wrasse influence habitat selection of young damselfish
Coral Reefs, 2016Co-Authors: Karen L. Cheney, Johanna Werminghausen, E. C. Mcclure, M. I. Mccormick, Mark G. Meekan, Thomas H Cribb, Alexandra S. GrutterAbstract:The presence of bluestreak cleaner Wrasse, Labroides dimidiatus , on coral reefs increases total abundance and biodiversity of reef fishes. The mechanism(s) that cause such shifts in population structure are unclear, but it is possible that young fish preferentially settle into microhabitats where cleaner Wrasse are present. As a first step to investigate this possibility, we conducted aquarium experiments to examine whether settlement-stage and young juveniles of ambon damselfish, Pomacentrus amboinensis , selected a microhabitat near a cleaner Wrasse (adult or juvenile). Both settlement-stage (0 d post-settlement) and juvenile (~5 weeks post-settlement) fish spent a greater proportion of time in a microhabitat adjacent to L. dimidiatus than in one next to a control fish (a non-cleaner Wrasse, Halichoeres melanurus ) or one where no fish was present. This suggests that cleaner Wrasse may serve as a positive cue during microhabitat selection. We also conducted focal observations of cleaner Wrasse and counts of nearby damselfishes (1 m radius) to examine whether newly settled fish obtained direct benefits, in the form of cleaning services, from being near a cleaner Wrasse. Although abundant, newly settled recruits (
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cleaner Wrasse influence habitat selection of young damselfish
Coral Reefs, 2016Co-Authors: Derek Sun, Johanna Werminghausen, E. C. Mcclure, M. I. Mccormick, Mark G. Meekan, Karen L. Cheney, Thomas H Cribb, Alexandra S. GrutterAbstract:The presence of bluestreak cleaner Wrasse, Labroides dimidiatus, on coral reefs increases total abundance and biodiversity of reef fishes. The mechanism(s) that cause such shifts in population structure are unclear, but it is possible that young fish preferentially settle into microhabitats where cleaner Wrasse are present. As a first step to investigate this possibility, we conducted aquarium experiments to examine whether settlement-stage and young juveniles of ambon damselfish, Pomacentrus amboinensis, selected a microhabitat near a cleaner Wrasse (adult or juvenile). Both settlement-stage (0 d post-settlement) and juvenile (~5 weeks post-settlement) fish spent a greater proportion of time in a microhabitat adjacent to L. dimidiatus than in one next to a control fish (a non-cleaner Wrasse, Halichoeres melanurus) or one where no fish was present. This suggests that cleaner Wrasse may serve as a positive cue during microhabitat selection. We also conducted focal observations of cleaner Wrasse and counts of nearby damselfishes (1 m radius) to examine whether newly settled fish obtained direct benefits, in the form of cleaning services, from being near a cleaner Wrasse. Although abundant, newly settled recruits (<20 mm total length) were rarely (2 %) observed being cleaned in 20 min observations compared with larger damselfishes (58 %). Individual damselfish that were cleaned were significantly larger than the median size of the surrounding nearby non-cleaned conspecifics; this was consistent across four species. The selection by settlement-stage fish of a microhabitat adjacent to cleaner Wrasse in the laboratory, despite only being rarely cleaned in the natural environment, suggests that even rare cleaning events and/or indirect benefits may drive their settlement choices. This behaviour may also explain the decreased abundance of young fishes on reefs from which cleaner Wrasse had been experimentally removed. This study reinforces the potentially important role of mutualism during the processes of settlement and recruitment of young reef fishes.
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Equivalent cleaning in a juvenile facultative and obligate cleaning Wrasse: an insight into the evolution of cleaning in labrids?
Coral Reefs, 2016Co-Authors: Alexandra S. Grutter, William E FeeneyAbstract:Species that exhibit ontogenetic variation in interspecific cleaning behaviours may offer insights into how interspecific cooperation evolves. We investigated the foraging ecology of the yellowtail tubelip Wrasse (Diproctacanthus xanthurus), a facultative cleaner as a juvenile and corallivore as an adult, and compared its juvenile ecology with that of juvenile blue-streak cleaner Wrasse (Labroides dimidiatus), a closely related and sympatric obligate cleaner. While juveniles of the two species differed in the amount of time they inspected clients, the number of client individuals and species that were cleaned and the proportion that posed did not differ, nor did the number of ectoparasitic isopods in their guts. In contrast, adult yellowtail tubelip Wrasse had fewer isopods and more coral mucus in their guts than juveniles. These data support a hypothesized series of events in which juvenile cleaning acts as an evolutionary precursor to obligate cleaning and suggest that the yellowtail tubelip Wrasse may present an intermediate between corallivory and cleaning.
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fish mucous cocoons the mosquito nets of the sea
Biology Letters, 2011Co-Authors: Alexandra S. Grutter, Jennifer G Rumney, Tane H Sinclairtaylor, Peter A Waldie, Craig E FranklinAbstract:Mucus performs numerous protective functions in vertebrates, and in fishes may defend them against harmful organisms, although often the evidence is contradictory. The function of the mucous cocoons that many parrotfishes and Wrasses sleep in, while long used as a classical example of antipredator behaviour, remains unresolved. Ectoparasitic gnathiid isopods (Gnathiidae), which feed on the blood of fish, are removed by cleaner fish during the day; however, it is unclear how parrotfish and Wrasse avoid gnathiid attacks at night. To test the novel hypothesis that mucous cocoons protect against gnathiids, we exposed the coral reef parrotfish Chlorurus sordidus (Scaridae) with and without cocoons to gnathiids overnight and measured the energetic content of cocoons. Fish without mucous cocoons were attacked more by gnathiids than fish with cocoons. The energetic content of mucous cocoons was estimated as 2.5 per cent of the fish's daily energy budget fish. Therefore, mucous cocoons protected against attacks by gnathiids, acting like mosquito nets in humans, a function of cocoons and an efficient physiological adaptation for preventing parasite infestation that is not used by any other animal.
Ole K. Tørresen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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loss of stomach loss of appetite sequencing of the ballan Wrasse labrus bergylta genome and intestinal transcriptomic profiling illuminate the evolution of loss of stomach function in fish
BMC Genomics, 2018Co-Authors: Kai Kristoffer Lie, Sissel Jentoft, Ole K. Tørresen, Monica Hongrø Solbakken, Ivar Rønnestad, Alexander J. Nederbragt, Ave Toomingklunderud, Øystein SæleAbstract:The ballan Wrasse (Labrus bergylta) belongs to a large teleost family containing more than 600 species showing several unique evolutionary traits such as lack of stomach and hermaphroditism. Agastric fish are found throughout the teleost phylogeny, in quite diverse and unrelated lineages, indicating stomach loss has occurred independently multiple times in the course of evolution. By assembling the ballan Wrasse genome and transcriptome we aimed to determine the genetic basis for its digestive system function and appetite regulation. Among other, this knowledge will aid the formulation of aquaculture diets that meet the nutritional needs of agastric species. Long and short read sequencing technologies were combined to generate a ballan Wrasse genome of 805 Mbp. Analysis of the genome and transcriptome assemblies confirmed the absence of genes that code for proteins involved in gastric function. The gene coding for the appetite stimulating protein ghrelin was also absent in Wrasse. Gene synteny mapping identified several appetite-controlling genes and their paralogs previously undescribed in fish. Transcriptome profiling along the length of the intestine found a declining expression gradient from the anterior to the posterior, and a distinct expression profile in the hind gut. We showed gene loss has occurred for all known genes related to stomach function in the ballan Wrasse, while the remaining functions of the digestive tract appear intact. The results also show appetite control in ballan Wrasse has undergone substantial changes. The loss of ghrelin suggests that other genes, such as motilin, may play a ghrelin like role. The Wrasse genome offers novel insight in to the evolutionary traits of this large family. As the stomach plays a major role in protein digestion, the lack of genes related to stomach digestion in Wrasse suggests it requires formulated diets with higher levels of readily digestible protein than those for gastric species.
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Loss of stomach, loss of appetite? Sequencing of the ballan Wrasse (Labrus bergylta) genome and intestinal transcriptomic profiling illuminate the evolution of loss of stomach function in fish
BMC Genomics, 2018Co-Authors: Ole K. Tørresen, Sissel Jentoft, Monica Hongrø Solbakken, Ivar Rønnestad, Ave Tooming-klunderud, Alexander J. Nederbragt, Øystein SæleAbstract:Background The ballan Wrasse ( Labrus bergylta ) belongs to a large teleost family containing more than 600 species showing several unique evolutionary traits such as lack of stomach and hermaphroditism. Agastric fish are found throughout the teleost phylogeny, in quite diverse and unrelated lineages, indicating stomach loss has occurred independently multiple times in the course of evolution. By assembling the ballan Wrasse genome and transcriptome we aimed to determine the genetic basis for its digestive system function and appetite regulation. Among other, this knowledge will aid the formulation of aquaculture diets that meet the nutritional needs of agastric species. Results Long and short read sequencing technologies were combined to generate a ballan Wrasse genome of 805 Mbp. Analysis of the genome and transcriptome assemblies confirmed the absence of genes that code for proteins involved in gastric function. The gene coding for the appetite stimulating protein ghrelin was also absent in Wrasse. Gene synteny mapping identified several appetite-controlling genes and their paralogs previously undescribed in fish. Transcriptome profiling along the length of the intestine found a declining expression gradient from the anterior to the posterior, and a distinct expression profile in the hind gut. Conclusions We showed gene loss has occurred for all known genes related to stomach function in the ballan Wrasse, while the remaining functions of the digestive tract appear intact. The results also show appetite control in ballan Wrasse has undergone substantial changes. The loss of ghrelin suggests that other genes, such as motilin, may play a ghrelin like role. The Wrasse genome offers novel insight in to the evolutionary traits of this large family. As the stomach plays a major role in protein digestion, the lack of genes related to stomach digestion in Wrasse suggests it requires formulated diets with higher levels of readily digestible protein than those for gastric species.
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A continuous genome assembly of the corkwing Wrasse (Symphodus melops)
Genomics, 2018Co-Authors: Morten Mattingsdal, Sissel Jentoft, Ole K. Tørresen, Halvor Knutsen, Michael Møller Hansen, Joana Isabel Robalo, Zuzanna Zagrodzka, Carl André, Enrique Blanco GonzalezAbstract:Abstract The Wrasses (Labridae) are one of the most successful and species-rich families of the Perciformes order of teleost fish. Its members display great morphological diversity, and occupy distinct trophic levels in coastal waters and coral reefs. The cleaning behaviour displayed by some Wrasses, such as corkwing Wrasse ( Symphodus melops ), is of particular interest for the salmon aquaculture industry to combat and control sea lice infestation as an alternative to chemicals and pharmaceuticals. There are still few genome assemblies available within this fish family for comparative and functional studies, despite the rapid increase in genome resources generated during the past years. Here, we present a highly continuous genome assembly of the corkwing Wrasse using PacBio SMRT sequencing (x28.8) followed by error correction with paired-end Illumina data (x132.9). The present genome assembly consists of 5040 contigs (N50 = 461,652 bp) and a total size of 614 Mbp, of which 8.5% of the genome sequence encode known repeated elements. The genome assembly covers 94.21% of highly conserved genes across ray-finned fish species. We find evidence for increased copy numbers specific for corkwing Wrasse possibly highlighting diversification and adaptive processes in gene families including N-linked glycosylation (ST8SIA6) and stress response kinases (HIPK1). By comparative analyses, we discover that de novo repeats, often not properly investigated during genome annotation, encode hundreds of immune-related genes. This new genomic resource, together with the ballan Wrasse ( Labrus bergylta ), will allow for in-depth comparative genomics as well as population genetic analyses for the understudied Wrasses.
Sissel Jentoft - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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loss of stomach loss of appetite sequencing of the ballan Wrasse labrus bergylta genome and intestinal transcriptomic profiling illuminate the evolution of loss of stomach function in fish
BMC Genomics, 2018Co-Authors: Kai Kristoffer Lie, Sissel Jentoft, Ole K. Tørresen, Monica Hongrø Solbakken, Ivar Rønnestad, Alexander J. Nederbragt, Ave Toomingklunderud, Øystein SæleAbstract:The ballan Wrasse (Labrus bergylta) belongs to a large teleost family containing more than 600 species showing several unique evolutionary traits such as lack of stomach and hermaphroditism. Agastric fish are found throughout the teleost phylogeny, in quite diverse and unrelated lineages, indicating stomach loss has occurred independently multiple times in the course of evolution. By assembling the ballan Wrasse genome and transcriptome we aimed to determine the genetic basis for its digestive system function and appetite regulation. Among other, this knowledge will aid the formulation of aquaculture diets that meet the nutritional needs of agastric species. Long and short read sequencing technologies were combined to generate a ballan Wrasse genome of 805 Mbp. Analysis of the genome and transcriptome assemblies confirmed the absence of genes that code for proteins involved in gastric function. The gene coding for the appetite stimulating protein ghrelin was also absent in Wrasse. Gene synteny mapping identified several appetite-controlling genes and their paralogs previously undescribed in fish. Transcriptome profiling along the length of the intestine found a declining expression gradient from the anterior to the posterior, and a distinct expression profile in the hind gut. We showed gene loss has occurred for all known genes related to stomach function in the ballan Wrasse, while the remaining functions of the digestive tract appear intact. The results also show appetite control in ballan Wrasse has undergone substantial changes. The loss of ghrelin suggests that other genes, such as motilin, may play a ghrelin like role. The Wrasse genome offers novel insight in to the evolutionary traits of this large family. As the stomach plays a major role in protein digestion, the lack of genes related to stomach digestion in Wrasse suggests it requires formulated diets with higher levels of readily digestible protein than those for gastric species.
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Loss of stomach, loss of appetite? Sequencing of the ballan Wrasse (Labrus bergylta) genome and intestinal transcriptomic profiling illuminate the evolution of loss of stomach function in fish
BMC Genomics, 2018Co-Authors: Ole K. Tørresen, Sissel Jentoft, Monica Hongrø Solbakken, Ivar Rønnestad, Ave Tooming-klunderud, Alexander J. Nederbragt, Øystein SæleAbstract:Background The ballan Wrasse ( Labrus bergylta ) belongs to a large teleost family containing more than 600 species showing several unique evolutionary traits such as lack of stomach and hermaphroditism. Agastric fish are found throughout the teleost phylogeny, in quite diverse and unrelated lineages, indicating stomach loss has occurred independently multiple times in the course of evolution. By assembling the ballan Wrasse genome and transcriptome we aimed to determine the genetic basis for its digestive system function and appetite regulation. Among other, this knowledge will aid the formulation of aquaculture diets that meet the nutritional needs of agastric species. Results Long and short read sequencing technologies were combined to generate a ballan Wrasse genome of 805 Mbp. Analysis of the genome and transcriptome assemblies confirmed the absence of genes that code for proteins involved in gastric function. The gene coding for the appetite stimulating protein ghrelin was also absent in Wrasse. Gene synteny mapping identified several appetite-controlling genes and their paralogs previously undescribed in fish. Transcriptome profiling along the length of the intestine found a declining expression gradient from the anterior to the posterior, and a distinct expression profile in the hind gut. Conclusions We showed gene loss has occurred for all known genes related to stomach function in the ballan Wrasse, while the remaining functions of the digestive tract appear intact. The results also show appetite control in ballan Wrasse has undergone substantial changes. The loss of ghrelin suggests that other genes, such as motilin, may play a ghrelin like role. The Wrasse genome offers novel insight in to the evolutionary traits of this large family. As the stomach plays a major role in protein digestion, the lack of genes related to stomach digestion in Wrasse suggests it requires formulated diets with higher levels of readily digestible protein than those for gastric species.
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A continuous genome assembly of the corkwing Wrasse (Symphodus melops)
Genomics, 2018Co-Authors: Morten Mattingsdal, Sissel Jentoft, Ole K. Tørresen, Halvor Knutsen, Michael Møller Hansen, Joana Isabel Robalo, Zuzanna Zagrodzka, Carl André, Enrique Blanco GonzalezAbstract:Abstract The Wrasses (Labridae) are one of the most successful and species-rich families of the Perciformes order of teleost fish. Its members display great morphological diversity, and occupy distinct trophic levels in coastal waters and coral reefs. The cleaning behaviour displayed by some Wrasses, such as corkwing Wrasse ( Symphodus melops ), is of particular interest for the salmon aquaculture industry to combat and control sea lice infestation as an alternative to chemicals and pharmaceuticals. There are still few genome assemblies available within this fish family for comparative and functional studies, despite the rapid increase in genome resources generated during the past years. Here, we present a highly continuous genome assembly of the corkwing Wrasse using PacBio SMRT sequencing (x28.8) followed by error correction with paired-end Illumina data (x132.9). The present genome assembly consists of 5040 contigs (N50 = 461,652 bp) and a total size of 614 Mbp, of which 8.5% of the genome sequence encode known repeated elements. The genome assembly covers 94.21% of highly conserved genes across ray-finned fish species. We find evidence for increased copy numbers specific for corkwing Wrasse possibly highlighting diversification and adaptive processes in gene families including N-linked glycosylation (ST8SIA6) and stress response kinases (HIPK1). By comparative analyses, we discover that de novo repeats, often not properly investigated during genome annotation, encode hundreds of immune-related genes. This new genomic resource, together with the ballan Wrasse ( Labrus bergylta ), will allow for in-depth comparative genomics as well as population genetic analyses for the understudied Wrasses.
Nicola Bain - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a survey of wild marine fish identifies a potential origin of an outbreak of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia in Wrasse labridae used as cleaner fish on marine atlantic salmon salmo salar l farms
Journal of Fish Diseases, 2015Co-Authors: I S Wallace, Malcolm Hall, W. Murray, K Donald, L A Munro, C C Pert, Hannah E B Stagg, Nicola BainAbstract:Viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) was isolated from five species of Wrasse (Labridae) used as biological controls for parasitic sea lice predominantly, Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Kroyer, 1837), on marine Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., farms in Shetland. As part of the epidemiological investigation, 1400 wild marine fish were caught and screened in pools of 10 for VHSV using virus isolation. Eleven pools (8%) were confirmed VHSV positive from: grey gurnard, Eutrigla gurnardus L.; Atlantic herring, Clupea harengus L.; Norway pout, Trisopterus esmarkii (Nilsson); plaice, Pleuronectes platessa L.; sprat, Sprattus sprattus L. and whiting, Merlangius merlangus L. The isolation of VHSV from grey gurnard is the first documented report in this species. Nucleic acid sequencing of the partial nucleocapsid (N) and glycoprotein (G) genes was carried out for viral characterization. Sequence analysis confirmed that all wild isolates were genotype III the same as the Wrasse and there was a close genetic similarity between the isolates from wild fish and Wrasse on the farms. Infection from these local wild marine fish is the most likely source of VHSV isolated from Wrasse on the fish farms.
