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Jorge E. Peña - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Temperature-Dependent Development of Xyleborus glabratus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)
    Florida Entomologist, 2015
    Co-Authors: Gurpreet S Brar, Paul E Kendra, John L. Capinera, Jason A. Smith, Jorge E. Peña
    Abstract:

    Redbay ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus glabratus Eichhoff (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), is a nonnative pest that transmits the pathogenic fungus Raffaelea lauricola T.C. Harr., Fraedrich & Aghayeva (Ophiostomatales: Ophiostomataceae), which causes laurel wilt disease in trees of the family Lauraceae. Laurel wilt is present in the commercial avocado (Persea americana Mill.; Laurales: Lauraceae) growing areas of Florida and poses a potential threat to the avocado industries of California and Mexico. The life cycle of X. glabratus was studied in avocado logs at 16, 20, 24, 28, and 32 °C. Xyleborus glabratus successfully completed its life cycle at 24, 28, and 32 °C, with the greatest oviposition and development rate at 28 °C. Development of the egg and pupal stages was studied at 12, 16, 18, 20, 24, 28, 32, and 36 °C. One linear and 7 nonlinear developmental models were used to estimate the temperature-dependent development of both stages. The linear model estimated the lower threshold temperatures for egg and pupal development to be 13.8 °C and 11.1 °C, respectively, and the degree-days (DD) for egg and pupal development to be 55.1 DD and 68.2 DD, respectively. The Brier-2, Ratkowsky, Logan, and polynomial models gave the best estimates for the temperature-dependent development of the egg stages, whereas the Brier-1, Logan, and polynomial models gave the best estimates of temperature-dependent development of the pupal stages. Our results suggested that the optimal temperature for development of X. glabratus was around 28 °C, and that temperature will play an important role in the spread and successful establishment of X. glabratus.

  • eucalyptol is an attractant of the redbay ambrosia beetle Xyleborus glabratus
    Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2014
    Co-Authors: Emily H Kuhns, Jorge E. Peña, Jiri Hulcr, Xavier Martini, Yolani Tribuiani, Monique R Coy, Christopher Gibbard, Lukasz L Stelinski
    Abstract:

    The redbay ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus glabratus, is an invasive wood-boring beetle that has become established in the southeastern United States. The beetle transmits the causal pathogen of lethal laurel wilt to susceptible host trees, which include redbay, an important forest community species, and avocado, a valuable food crop. By examining odors of redbay wood, we developed an artificial lure that captured X. glabratus in redbay forests. Eucalyptol was a critical component of the blend for beetle attraction, and eucalyptol alone in large quantities attracted X. glabratus. Furthermore, eucalyptol stimulated boring by X. glabratus into paper arenas. The results suggest that eucalyptol contributes to host selection behavior of X. glabratus and may be useful for management of this pathogen vector.

  • potential of contact insecticides to control Xyleborus glabratus coleoptera curculionidae a vector of laurel wilt disease in avocados
    Journal of Economic Entomology, 2013
    Co-Authors: Daniel Carrillo, Jonathan H Crane, Jorge E. Peña
    Abstract:

    ABSTRACT Xyleborus glabratus Eichhoff (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) is an invasive ambrosia beetle that vectors laurel wilt, a new disease that threatens avocado and other species in the Lauraceae Family. The lethal concentrations (LC50 & 90) of nine commercial insecticides to X. glabratus were determined by using a bolt-dip bioassay. Different formulations of bifenthrin, permethrin, fenpropathrin, z-cypermethrin + bifenthrin, l-cyhalothrin + thiamethoxam, malathion, chlorpyrifos, carbaryl, and methomyl were tested. Four concentrations of each insecticide were tested (0.5, 0.1, 0.03, and 0.01 of the label rate) and with water as a control. Beetles were exposed to treated bolts and mortality registered 48 h later. After 2 wk, bolts were destructively sampled to determine the number of beetles that constructed galleries and were alive inside the wood. Probit analysis was used to determine the LC50 & 90. Six pesticides were applied directly to the trunk and limbs of avocado trees in a commercial gr...

  • evaluation of litchi chinensis for host status to Xyleborus glabratus coleoptera curculionidae scolytinae and susceptibility to laurel wilt disease
    Florida Entomologist, 2013
    Co-Authors: Paul E Kendra, Jorge E. Peña, R C Ploetz, Wayne S Montgomery, Jerome Niogret, Gurpreet S Brar, Nancy D Epsky
    Abstract:

    Abstract The redbay ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus glabratus Eichhoff (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), is an exotic wood-boring pest that vectors Raffaelea lauricola T.C. Harr., Fraedrich & Aghayeva (Ophiostomatales: Ophiostomataceae), the etiologic agent of laurel wilt. To date, all confirmed U.S. hosts of X. glabratus and suscepts of laurel wilt are members of the family Lauraceae. However, in previous research, an unknown variety of lychee, Litchi chinensis Sonn. (Sapindales: Sapindaceae), was found to be highly attractive to X. glabratus and elicited boring behaviors. Therefore, a study was undertaken to evaluate two commercial cultivars of lychee, ‘Brewster’ and ‘Mauritius’, for susceptibility to attack by X. glabratus, for transmission of R. lauricola, and for development of laurel wilt disease. In no-choice laboratory bioassays, 35 and 44% of females bored into cut bolts of ‘Mauritius’ and ‘Brewster’, respectively. Similar boring was observed on the trunks of two live ‘Brewster’ trees; but afte...

  • life cycle development and culture of Xyleborus glabratus coleoptera curculionidae scolytinae
    Florida Entomologist, 2013
    Co-Authors: Gurpreet S Brar, Paul E Kendra, John L. Capinera, Stephen Mclean, Jorge E. Peña
    Abstract:

    The redbay ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus glabratus Eichhoff (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), is a wood-boring pest that transmits the fungal pathogen Raffaelea lauricola, the causal agent of laurel wilt disease in American Lauraceae. This study documents the gallery formation patterns of X. glabratus as well as its life cycle and development at 25 ± 2 °C in logs of 3 natural hosts: avocado (Persea americana), redbay (P. borbonia) and swampbay (P. palustris). Females were observed to excavate galleries perpendicular to the tree trunk; galleries were characterized by a main entrance tunnel, from which branched secondary tunnels that, in turn, gave rise to tertiary tunnels. By dissecting infested logs daily, the length of time was determined for each developmental stage, and found to be comparable in all 3 hosts. Eggs were first encountered in avocado, redbay, and swampbay at 7, 11, and 10 days after gallery initiation (agi), respectively; larvae at 14, 20, and 14 days agi; pupae at 24, 26, and 26 days agi; and teneral adults at 31, 30, and 27 days agi. Despite comparable rates of development in all hosts, there were fewer progeny per female produced in avocado. Oviposition by the founding female extended over a broad time-span, and all stages were observed in the gallery at 1 month agi. Three larval instars were present, with mean head capsule widths of 0.21, 0.26, and 0.37 mm, respectively. Long term rearing of X. glabratus was achieved on swampbay logs soaked in water prior to infestation. Emergence of new females from logs was first observed at 60 d agi, indicating that teneral adults remain in hosts for ~1 month prior to dispersal. Emergence continued for up to 240 days, with maximum emergence observed between 120-150 days agi.

Robert J Rabaglia - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • establishment of a non native xyleborine ambrosia beetle Xyleborus monographus fabricius coleoptera curculionidae scolytinae new to north america in california
    Zootaxa, 2020
    Co-Authors: Robert J Rabaglia, Sheri L Smith, Paul F Rugmanjones, Marc F Digirolomo, Curtis Ewing, Akif Eskalen
    Abstract:

    Specimens of an ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus monographus (Fabricius), were found infesting oak trees in California. This is the first record of this species established in North America. Based on collection information, this species most likely has been established in the Napa County area for several years. A modified key to Xyleborus in North America, and diagnosis of the species is provided.

  • north american xyleborini north of mexico a review and key to genera and species coleoptera curculionidae scolytinae
    ZooKeys, 2018
    Co-Authors: Demian Gomez, Robert J Rabaglia, Katherine E O Fairbanks, Jiri Hulcr
    Abstract:

    : Bark and ambrosia beetles (Scolytinae) are the most successful group of invasive wood borers worldwide, and the most invasive among them are species in the tribe Xyleborini. This haplodiploid, highly inbred, fungus-farming group is represented by 30 non-native species in North America, of which at least five are serious pests. The few identification resources for Xyleborini that exist are becoming outdated due to new species arrivals and nomenclatural changes. Here we present a new comprehensive key to Xyleborini currently known from the continental United States. Compared to the previous key, the following species have been added to the North American fauna: Ambrosiodmus minor (Stebbing), Ambrosiophilus nodulosus (Eggers), Anisandrus maiche Kurentsov, Coptoborus pseudotenuis (Schedl), Cyclorhipidion fukiense (Eggers), Dryocoetoides reticulatus Atkinson, Dryoxylon onoharaense (Murayama), Euwallacea interjectus (Blandford), Xyleborinus andrewesi (Blandford), Xyleborinus artestriatus (Eichhoff), Xyleborinus octiesdentatus (Murayama), Xyleborus bispinatus Eichhoff, Xyleborus seriatus Blandford, Xyleborus spinulosus Blandford, and Xylosandrus amputatus (Blandford).

  • ethanol and α pinene attractant kairomones for bark and ambrosia beetles in the southeastern us
    Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2009
    Co-Authors: Daniel R Miller, Robert J Rabaglia
    Abstract:

    In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.

  • biology and host associations of redbay ambrosia beetle coleoptera curculionidae scolytinae exotic vector of laurel wilt killing redbay trees in the southeastern united states
    Journal of Economic Entomology, 2008
    Co-Authors: James L. Hanula, Stephen W Fraedrich, Albert E. Mayfield, Robert J Rabaglia
    Abstract:

    Abstract The redbay ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus glabratus Eichhoff (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), and its fungal symbiont, Raffaelea sp., are new introductions to the southeastern United States responsible for the wilt of mature redbay, Persea borbonia (L.) Spreng., trees. In 2006 and 2007, we investigated the seasonal flight activity of X. glabratus, its host associations, and population levels at eight locations in South Carolina and Georgia where infestations ranged from very recent to at least several years old. Adults were active throughout the year with peak activity in early September. Brood development seems to take 50–60 d. Wood infested with beetles and infected with the Raffaelea sp. was similar in attraction to uninfested redbay wood, whereas both were more attractive than a nonhost species. Sassafras, Sassafras albidium (Nutt.) Nees, another species of Lauraceae, was not attractive to X. glabratus and very few beetle entrance holes were found in sassafras wood compared with redbay. C...

  • Xyleborus seriatus blandford coleoptera curculionidae scolytinae an asian ambrosia beetle new to north america
    Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 2008
    Co-Authors: Richard E Hoebeke, Robert J Rabaglia
    Abstract:

    Abstract Xyleborus seriatus Blandford, an ambrosia beetle described from Japan, is reported for the first time from North America, based on specimens examined from Massachusetts. A re-description and diagnosis of the adult female, a summary of known distribution and biology, a revision to an existing key to North American xyleborine species to include this newly detected immigrant, and photographs of the adult habitus and other diagnostic morphological features are presented.

Daniel Carrillo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Xyleborus volvulus coleoptera curculionidae biology and fungal associates
    Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2019
    Co-Authors: Luisa F Cruz, Octavio Menocal, Julio Mantilla, Luis A Ibarrajuarez, Daniel Carrillo
    Abstract:

    The ambrosia beetle Xyleborus volvulus Fabricius has been reported as a potential vector of the plant pathogen Raffaelea lauricola T.C. Harr., Fraedrich & Aghayeva that is affecting avocado orchards in South Florida. In this study, we examined its life cycle, process of gallery formation, gallery structure, and fungal associates by rearing one generation on avocado sawdust media under control conditions. The adult foundress excavated a vertical tunnel that constituted the main gallery with a length of 2.5 cm, followed by the construction of up to six secondary galleries with a total length of 4.4 cm. The time period for one generation (egg to adult) was 28 days. Teneral males emerged three days after the emergence of the first females. The F1 generation did not significantly contribute to gallery expansion. Four species of Raffaelea and nine yeast species were recovered from galleries and beetles. Raffaelea arxii and Candida berthetii were the most frequent symbionts recovered from new adults, and galleries. Candida berthetii dominated during the early stages of the gallery development, whereas R. arxii was most frequent in later stages. Other Raffaelea species were inconsistently isolated from galleries, which suggests a strong association between X. volvulus and both R. arxii and C. berthetii. These results suggest that R. arxii is the primary nutritional symbiont of X. volvulus and that yeast species may be pioneer colonizers that assist with the growth of fungal symbionts. Importance Ambrosia beetles cultivate fungi in tunnels bored into weakened host trees. This obligate interaction is required for their survival as beetles feed on these symbiotic fungi and the fungi benefit from transportation by the beetles. Xyleborus volvulus carries many non-pathogenic symbionts; however, recently the acquisition of R. lauricola (the causal agent of a lethal vascular disease of lauraceous trees) by this beetle has altered its status from wood degrader to potential pest in avocado. We conducted a study to understand the relationship of this beetle and its fungal associates. Our results show that X. volvulus has a multipartite flexible association with different Raffaelea species. The lack of fidelity in the mutualistic association may explain the acquisition of R. lauricola. Knowing the beetle biology and its mutualistic interactions allow understanding its role as a potential vector and in disease transmission.

  • spore acquisition and survival of ambrosia beetles associated with the laurel wilt pathogen in avocados after exposure to entomopathogenic fungi
    Insects, 2018
    Co-Authors: Pasco B. Avery, Rita E Duncan, Daniel Carrillo, Verónica Bojorque, Cecilia Gámez, Ronald D. Cave
    Abstract:

    Laurel wilt is a disease threatening the avocado industry in Florida. The causative agent of the disease is a fungus vectored by ambrosia beetles that bore into the trees. Until recently, management strategies for the vectors of the laurel wilt fungus relied solely on chemical control and sanitation practices. Beneficial entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) are the most common and prevalent natural enemies of pathogen vectors. Laboratory experiments demonstrated that commercial strains of EPF can increase the mortality of the primary vector, Xyleborus glabratus, and potential alternative vectors, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, Xyleborus volvulus and Xyleborus bispinatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Our study provides baseline data for three formulated commercially-available entomopathogenic fungi used as potential biocontrol agents against X. crassiusculus, X. volvulus and X. bispinatus. The specific objectives were to determine: (1) the mean number of viable spores acquired per beetle species adult after being exposed to formulated fungal products containing different strains of EPF (Isaria fumosorosea, Metarhizium brunneum and Beauveria bassiana); and (2) the median and mean survival times using paper disk bioassays. Prior to being used in experiments, all fungal suspensions were adjusted to 2.4 × 106 viable spores/mL. The number of spores acquired by X. crassiusculus was significantly higher after exposure to B. bassiana, compared to the other fungal treatments. For X. volvulus, the numbers of spores acquired per beetle were significantly different amongst the different fungal treatments, and the sequence of spore acquisition rates on X. volvulus from highest to lowest was I. fumosorosea > M. brunneum > B. bassiana. After X. bispinatus beetles were exposed to the different suspensions, the rates of acquisition of spores per beetle amongst the different fungal treatments were similar. Survival estimates (data pooled across two tests) indicated an impact for each entomopathogenic fungus per beetle species after exposure to a filter paper disk treated at the same fungal suspension concentration. Kaplan–Meier analysis (censored at day 7) revealed that each beetle species survived significantly shorter in bioassays containing disks treated with EPF compared to water only. This study demonstrated that ambrosia beetles associated with the laurel wilt pathogen in avocados are susceptible to infection by EPF under laboratory conditions. However, the EPF needs to be tested under field conditions to confirm their efficacy against the beetles.

  • Spore Acquisition and Survival of Ambrosia Beetles Associated with the Laurel Wilt Pathogen in Avocados after Exposure to Entomopathogenic Fungi
    MDPI AG, 2018
    Co-Authors: Pasco B. Avery, Rita E Duncan, Daniel Carrillo, Verónica Bojorque, Cecilia Gámez, Ronald D. Cave
    Abstract:

    Laurel wilt is a disease threatening the avocado industry in Florida. The causative agent of the disease is a fungus vectored by ambrosia beetles that bore into the trees. Until recently, management strategies for the vectors of the laurel wilt fungus relied solely on chemical control and sanitation practices. Beneficial entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) are the most common and prevalent natural enemies of pathogen vectors. Laboratory experiments demonstrated that commercial strains of EPF can increase the mortality of the primary vector, Xyleborus glabratus, and potential alternative vectors, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, Xyleborus volvulus and Xyleborus bispinatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Our study provides baseline data for three formulated commercially-available entomopathogenic fungi used as potential biocontrol agents against X. crassiusculus, X. volvulus and X. bispinatus. The specific objectives were to determine: (1) the mean number of viable spores acquired per beetle species adult after being exposed to formulated fungal products containing different strains of EPF (Isaria fumosorosea, Metarhizium brunneum and Beauveria bassiana); and (2) the median and mean survival times using paper disk bioassays. Prior to being used in experiments, all fungal suspensions were adjusted to 2.4 × 106 viable spores/mL. The number of spores acquired by X. crassiusculus was significantly higher after exposure to B. bassiana, compared to the other fungal treatments. For X. volvulus, the numbers of spores acquired per beetle were significantly different amongst the different fungal treatments, and the sequence of spore acquisition rates on X. volvulus from highest to lowest was I. fumosorosea > M. brunneum > B. bassiana. After X. bispinatus beetles were exposed to the different suspensions, the rates of acquisition of spores per beetle amongst the different fungal treatments were similar. Survival estimates (data pooled across two tests) indicated an impact for each entomopathogenic fungus per beetle species after exposure to a filter paper disk treated at the same fungal suspension concentration. Kaplan–Meier analysis (censored at day 7) revealed that each beetle species survived significantly shorter in bioassays containing disks treated with EPF compared to water only. This study demonstrated that ambrosia beetles associated with the laurel wilt pathogen in avocados are susceptible to infection by EPF under laboratory conditions. However, the EPF needs to be tested under field conditions to confirm their efficacy against the beetles

  • potential of contact insecticides to control Xyleborus glabratus coleoptera curculionidae a vector of laurel wilt disease in avocados
    Journal of Economic Entomology, 2013
    Co-Authors: Daniel Carrillo, Jonathan H Crane, Jorge E. Peña
    Abstract:

    ABSTRACT Xyleborus glabratus Eichhoff (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) is an invasive ambrosia beetle that vectors laurel wilt, a new disease that threatens avocado and other species in the Lauraceae Family. The lethal concentrations (LC50 & 90) of nine commercial insecticides to X. glabratus were determined by using a bolt-dip bioassay. Different formulations of bifenthrin, permethrin, fenpropathrin, z-cypermethrin + bifenthrin, l-cyhalothrin + thiamethoxam, malathion, chlorpyrifos, carbaryl, and methomyl were tested. Four concentrations of each insecticide were tested (0.5, 0.1, 0.03, and 0.01 of the label rate) and with water as a control. Beetles were exposed to treated bolts and mortality registered 48 h later. After 2 wk, bolts were destructively sampled to determine the number of beetles that constructed galleries and were alive inside the wood. Probit analysis was used to determine the LC50 & 90. Six pesticides were applied directly to the trunk and limbs of avocado trees in a commercial gr...

  • occurrence of Xyleborus bispinatus coleoptera curculionidae scolytinae eichhoff in southern florida
    Zootaxa, 2013
    Co-Authors: Thomas H Atkinson, Rita E Duncan, Daniel Carrillo, Jorge E. Peña
    Abstract:

    Xyleborus bispinatus Eichhoff is reported from Florida for the first time. It was previously unrecognized and not distinguished from Xyleborus ferrugineus (F.). There is no reason to believe at this point that it represents an introduction. Rather it is one of a group of widely distributed Neotropical species that are also found in southern Florida. Characters are discussed to allow it to be distinguished from X. ferrugineus and X. impressus Eichhoff.

Anthony I Cognato - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • resurrection of heteroborips reitter 1913 coleoptera curculionidae scolytinae from synonymy with Xyleborus eichhoff 1864
    Coleopterists Bulletin, 2019
    Co-Authors: Michail Yu Mandelshtam, Alexander V Petrov, Sarah M Smith, Anthony I Cognato
    Abstract:

    Xyleborine ambrosia beetles bore galleries into wood to cultivate symbiotic fungi for larval and adult food. This habit and their haplodiploid mating system have contributed to their diversification in forest habitats throughout the world. There are ∼1,200 species divided in 37 genera that have been recently revised in a phylogenetic framework. To continue to equate genera with monophyletic groups, we investigated the validity of Heteroborips Reitter, 1913, a genus first erected for the Palearctic species Xyleborus cryptographus (Ratzeburg, 1837). Based on a phylogeny inferred fromDNAsequence data, X. cryptographus and Xyleborus seriatus (Blandford, 1894) are monophyletic. These species are unrelated to Xyleborus Eichhoff, 1864 and belong to a larger clade of species of Coptodryas Hopkins, 1915, CryptoXyleborus Schedl, 1937, and Microperus Wood, 1980. Xyleborus cryptographus and X. seriatus differ from these and other Xyleborini genera by excavating brood galleries under bark and by characteristics of the antennae, pronotum, and elytra. Given monophyly and morphological diagnostic characters, Heteroborips is validated as genus bona and includes the type species, Heteroborips cryptographus, combination reinstated, and Heteroborips seriatus, new combination.

  • genetic variability among Xyleborus glabratus populations native to southeast asia coleoptera curculionidae scolytinae xyleborini and the description of two related species
    Journal of Economic Entomology, 2019
    Co-Authors: Anthony I Cognato, Sarah M Smith, Thai Hong Pham, Jiri Hulcr
    Abstract:

    The redbay ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus glabratus Eichhoff, is native to Southeast Asia, where it specializes on Lauraceae trees. It forms a symbiosis with the ambrosia fungus Raffaelea lauricola T.C. Harr., Fraedrich & Aghayeva, which can act as a pathogen in living host trees. The beetle and fungus were recently introduced into the United States, where they have killed millions of native Lauraceae trees and threaten the avocado industry. These introduced populations have limited genetic variation. In the native range, the fungi are genetically variable, but the native genetic variability of the beetles is unknown. It is important to assess the beetle's native genetic variation because different lineages may vary in the capacity to vector this fungus, which may affect disease etiology. Here, we analyzed genetic variation in several Chinese, Taiwanese, and Vietnamese populations of X. glabratus using mitochondrial (COI) and nuclear DNA (CAD) markers. Phylogenetic analysis revealed nine COI haplotypes and four CAD genotypes. Uncorrected ‘p’ distance for intrapopulation comparisons ranged from 0 to 0.1 and 0 to 0.013 and interpopulation comparisons ranged from 0.137 to 0.168 and 0.015 to 0.032 for COI and CAD, respectively. Two populations exceeded the range of intraspecific nucleotide differences for both genes. Given that individuals from these populations also exhibited consistent morphological differences, they are described as two new species: Xyleborus insidiosus Cognato & Smith, n. sp. and Xyleborus mysticulus Cognato & Smith, n. sp. Xyleborus glabratus was redescribed and a lectotype was designated to facilitate its recognition in light of these new species. These results indicate that X. glabratus is genetically variable and is related to two morphologically similar species. Whether these new species and X. glabratus lineages associate with different fungal strains is unknown. Given that the biology and host colonization of these new species are unknown, preventing their introduction to other regions is prudent.

  • cladistic review of generic taxonomic characters in xyleborina coleoptera curculionidae scolytinae
    Systematic Entomology, 2007
    Co-Authors: Jiri Hulcr, Stephanie A Dole, Roger A Beaver, Anthony I Cognato
    Abstract:

    A cladistic analysis of morphological characters of the subtribe Xyleborina (Curculionidae, Scolytinae) is presented. An examination of individual characters revealed little phylogenetic information in many characters currently used for delimiting genera. Phylogenetically stable characters were used for the evaluation of the contemporary generic concept. The following genera have been recovered as monophyletic: Cnestus, Dryocoetoides, Eccoptopterus, Xylosandrus, Schedlia, Sampsonius and Taurodemus. The following genera have been found to be polyphyletic: Amasa, Ambrosiodmus, AriXyleborus, Coptoborus, Coptodryas, CryptoXyleborus, Cyclorhipidion, Euwallacea, LeptoXyleborus, Taphrodasus, Theo- borus, Webbia, Xyleborinus and Xyleborus. The analysis permitted the resurrection of four genera: Anisandrus, Microperus, Pseudowebbia and Streptocranus .A number of new combinations at specific level are given: Anisandrus cornutus

  • review of american xyleborina coleoptera curculionidae scolytinae occurring north of mexico with an illustrated key
    Annals of The Entomological Society of America, 2006
    Co-Authors: Robert J Rabaglia, Stephanie A Dole, Anthony I Cognato
    Abstract:

    Abstract Ambrosia-feeding scolytids in the Xyleborina are the most abundant exotic bark beetles in North America. Many new species discoveries and taxonomic changes have occurred since their last review in 1982. The need for a worldwide revision of this tribe hampers the ability to identify species. To remedy this situation, an illustrated key is constructed and Xyleborus glabratus Eichhoff, Xyleborus similis Ferrari, and Euwallacea fornicatus (Eichhoff), which are new to North America, are reported and diagnosed. In addition the key is presented in electronic format with additional illustration (http://scolytid.msu.edu) to increase worldwide availability and accommodate future taxonomic revision.

Jiri Hulcr - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • genetic variability among Xyleborus glabratus populations native to southeast asia coleoptera curculionidae scolytinae xyleborini and the description of two related species
    Journal of Economic Entomology, 2019
    Co-Authors: Anthony I Cognato, Sarah M Smith, Thai Hong Pham, Jiri Hulcr
    Abstract:

    The redbay ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus glabratus Eichhoff, is native to Southeast Asia, where it specializes on Lauraceae trees. It forms a symbiosis with the ambrosia fungus Raffaelea lauricola T.C. Harr., Fraedrich & Aghayeva, which can act as a pathogen in living host trees. The beetle and fungus were recently introduced into the United States, where they have killed millions of native Lauraceae trees and threaten the avocado industry. These introduced populations have limited genetic variation. In the native range, the fungi are genetically variable, but the native genetic variability of the beetles is unknown. It is important to assess the beetle's native genetic variation because different lineages may vary in the capacity to vector this fungus, which may affect disease etiology. Here, we analyzed genetic variation in several Chinese, Taiwanese, and Vietnamese populations of X. glabratus using mitochondrial (COI) and nuclear DNA (CAD) markers. Phylogenetic analysis revealed nine COI haplotypes and four CAD genotypes. Uncorrected ‘p’ distance for intrapopulation comparisons ranged from 0 to 0.1 and 0 to 0.013 and interpopulation comparisons ranged from 0.137 to 0.168 and 0.015 to 0.032 for COI and CAD, respectively. Two populations exceeded the range of intraspecific nucleotide differences for both genes. Given that individuals from these populations also exhibited consistent morphological differences, they are described as two new species: Xyleborus insidiosus Cognato & Smith, n. sp. and Xyleborus mysticulus Cognato & Smith, n. sp. Xyleborus glabratus was redescribed and a lectotype was designated to facilitate its recognition in light of these new species. These results indicate that X. glabratus is genetically variable and is related to two morphologically similar species. Whether these new species and X. glabratus lineages associate with different fungal strains is unknown. Given that the biology and host colonization of these new species are unknown, preventing their introduction to other regions is prudent.

  • north american xyleborini north of mexico a review and key to genera and species coleoptera curculionidae scolytinae
    ZooKeys, 2018
    Co-Authors: Demian Gomez, Robert J Rabaglia, Katherine E O Fairbanks, Jiri Hulcr
    Abstract:

    : Bark and ambrosia beetles (Scolytinae) are the most successful group of invasive wood borers worldwide, and the most invasive among them are species in the tribe Xyleborini. This haplodiploid, highly inbred, fungus-farming group is represented by 30 non-native species in North America, of which at least five are serious pests. The few identification resources for Xyleborini that exist are becoming outdated due to new species arrivals and nomenclatural changes. Here we present a new comprehensive key to Xyleborini currently known from the continental United States. Compared to the previous key, the following species have been added to the North American fauna: Ambrosiodmus minor (Stebbing), Ambrosiophilus nodulosus (Eggers), Anisandrus maiche Kurentsov, Coptoborus pseudotenuis (Schedl), Cyclorhipidion fukiense (Eggers), Dryocoetoides reticulatus Atkinson, Dryoxylon onoharaense (Murayama), Euwallacea interjectus (Blandford), Xyleborinus andrewesi (Blandford), Xyleborinus artestriatus (Eichhoff), Xyleborinus octiesdentatus (Murayama), Xyleborus bispinatus Eichhoff, Xyleborus seriatus Blandford, Xyleborus spinulosus Blandford, and Xylosandrus amputatus (Blandford).

  • eucalyptol is an attractant of the redbay ambrosia beetle Xyleborus glabratus
    Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2014
    Co-Authors: Emily H Kuhns, Jorge E. Peña, Jiri Hulcr, Xavier Martini, Yolani Tribuiani, Monique R Coy, Christopher Gibbard, Lukasz L Stelinski
    Abstract:

    The redbay ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus glabratus, is an invasive wood-boring beetle that has become established in the southeastern United States. The beetle transmits the causal pathogen of lethal laurel wilt to susceptible host trees, which include redbay, an important forest community species, and avocado, a valuable food crop. By examining odors of redbay wood, we developed an artificial lure that captured X. glabratus in redbay forests. Eucalyptol was a critical component of the blend for beetle attraction, and eucalyptol alone in large quantities attracted X. glabratus. Furthermore, eucalyptol stimulated boring by X. glabratus into paper arenas. The results suggest that eucalyptol contributes to host selection behavior of X. glabratus and may be useful for management of this pathogen vector.

  • the redbay ambrosia beetle coleoptera curculionidae prefers lauraceae in its native range records from the chinese national insect collection
    Florida Entomologist, 2013
    Co-Authors: Jiri Hulcr, Qiaozhe Lou
    Abstract:

    The redbay ambrosia beetle Xyleborus glabratus is unusual among ambrosia beetles because of its host specificity to Lauraceae, but it isn’t clear whether this is only a feature of the invasive American population. Our examination of the extensive collection in the Chinese Academy of Sciences suggests that Xyleborus glabratus strongly prefers Lauraceae also in its native Asia. These are also the first published records of the species from continental China, which highlights the value of entomological collections. El escarabajo ambrosia Xyleborus glabratus es una especie insolita entre los escarabajos ambrosia, debido a su especificidad de hospederos de la familia Lauraceae, pero no esta claro si esto es solo una caracteristica de esta poblacion invasiva en los EE. UU. Nuestro examen de la extensa coleccion de la Academia de Ciencias de China sugiere que Xyleborus glabratus prefiere fuertemente hospederos de la familia Lauraceae tambien en su nativa Asia. Estos son tambien los primeros registros publicados de las especies en China continental, lo que destaca el valor de las colecciones entomologicas. View this article in BioOne

  • redbay ambrosia beetle Xyleborus glabratus eichhoff insecta coleoptera curculionidae scolytinae
    EDIS, 2011
    Co-Authors: Rajinder S Mann, Jorge E. Peña, Jiri Hulcr, Lukasz L Stelinski
    Abstract:

    Redbay Ambrosia Beetle Xyleborus glabratus Eichhoff (Insecta: Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) (EENY491/IN886) Ambrosia beetles are wood-degrading insects that live in nutritional symbiosis with ambrosia fungi. Usually we consider ambrosia beetles beneficial because they accelerate the decay of dead trees, which is important for nutrient cycling in healthy forests. However, the redbay ambrosia beetle and its fungal symbiont transmit the causal pathogen of laurel wilt disease among plants in the Laurel family (Lauraceae). They are considered a “very high risk” invasive disease pest complex having potential equal to that of Dutch elm disease or chestnut blight. Laurel wilt is a relatively new disease, and much is still unknown about how it will impact the flora of North America. This 7-page fact sheet highlights what we do know about this important new pest. Written by Rajinder Mann, Jiri Hulcr, Jorge Pena, and Lukasz Stelinski and published by the UF Department of Entomology and Nematology, May 2011. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in886