Xylocopa

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Mariano Lucia - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • leucospis leucotelus hymenoptera leucospidae as a parasitoid of the large carpenter bee Xylocopa lateralis hymenoptera apidae xylocopinae in colombia
    2019
    Co-Authors: Mariano Lucia, Hoffmann Wolfgang, Victor H Gonzalez
    Abstract:

    We report Leucospis leucotelus Walker parasitizing nests of Xylocopa ( Schonnherria ) lateralis Say in Colombia. Previous literature records of species of Leucospis associated with species of Xylocopa are summarized

  • New species and designation of primary types in Neotropical carpenter bees of the genus Xylocopa Latreille (Hymenoptera, Apidae)
    2017
    Co-Authors: Mariano Lucia, Victor H Gonzalez
    Abstract:

    We describe and figure two distinctive new species of Neotropical carpenter bees of the genus Xylocopa, X. (Schonnherria) barbarae sp. n. from Bolivia, and X. (Schonnherria) bigibbosa sp. n. from Peru. To stabilize the names, we designate a neotype for X. (Schonnherria) dimidiata Latreille and lectotypes for the following species: X. (NeoXylocopa) andica Enderlein, X. (NeoXylocopa) columbiensis Pérez, X. (NeoXylocopa) mendozana Enderlein, and X. (NeoXylocopa) rufidorsum Enderlein. For each species, we provide comparative diagnosis, taxonomic comments, and summarize its distribution

  • systematics and biology of Xylocopa subgenus schonnherria hymenoptera apidae in argentina
    2015
    Co-Authors: Mariano Lucia, Victor H Gonzalez, Alberto Horacio Abrahamovich
    Abstract:

    Biological information on the species of the large carpenter bee Xylocopa subgenus Schonnherria occurring in Argentina is revised. Based on the appraisal of museum specimens, the study of type material, and field surveys conducted across 15 provinces between 2007 and 2011, the following seven species are recognized for the country: Xylocopa bambusae Schrottky, Xylocopa chrysopoda Schrottky, Xylocopa macrops Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau, Xylocopa simillima Smith Xylocopa splendidula Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau, Xylocopa pulchra Smith, and Xylocopa viridis Smith. Previous literature records of Xylocopa dimidiata Latreille, Xylocopa subcyanea Perez, and Xylocopa varians Smith for the province of Misiones appear to have been misidentified specimens, although the presence of these species in Argentina cannot be entirely ruled out given the proximity of this province to Brazil and Paraguay where they occur; Xylocopa boops Maidl was described from a male specimen with unusually enlarged eyes and is newly synonymized under Xylocopa macrops. Males and females of all species are diagnosed, described, and figured, including details of the male genitalia. Taxonomic comments, data on the geographical distribution and nesting substrates, and identification keys to all Argentinean species of Schonnherria are provided. The nesting biologies of Xylocopa splendidula and Xylocopa viridis are documented.

  • ascosphaera apis the entomopathogenic fungus affecting larvae of native bees Xylocopa augusti first report in south america
    2015
    Co-Authors: Francisco Jose Reynaldi, Mariano Lucia, Maria Laura Garcia
    Abstract:

    Abstract Background Nowadays several invertebrate pollinators of crops and wild plants are in decline as result of multiple and, sometimes, unknown factors; among them, the modern agricultural practices, pests and diseases are postulated as the most important factors. Bees of the genus Xylocopa are considered effective pollinators of passion fruit crops in tropical regions, as well as important pollinators in wild plants, but these bees are attacked by several pathogens that affect different stages in their life cycle. The fungal species of the genus Ascosphaera are commonly associated with social and solitary bee larvae causing chalkbrood disease. Aims The aim of the present study was to demonstrate the presence of Ascosphaera apis affecting larvae of Xylocopa augusti in South America. Methods For this purpose, A. apis was isolated from affected larvae in YGPSA medium. Final identification was run out by three techniques: (1) Microscopic examination of the hyphae and sizes of the fruiting bodies; (2) Mating test, and specific sexual compatibility test, and (3) PCR detection, using specific primers. Results This study demonstrates for the first time the presence of A. apis affecting larvae of X. augusti in South America. Conclusions The evidence of A. apis affecting the larvae of X. augusti , and the fact that the sharing of pathogens between different bee species has been underestimated, suggests the need for further epidemiological studies in order to determine not only the prevalence of this pathogen among wild pollinators, but also its relationship to the sudden collapse of honey bee colonies in this region.

  • a gynandromorph of Xylocopa augusti and an unusual record of x iris from brazil hymenoptera apidae xylocopini
    2015
    Co-Authors: Mariano Lucia, Soledad C Villamil, Victor H Gonzalez
    Abstract:

    We describe and illustrate for the first time a mixed gynandromorph of Xylocopa ( NeoXylocopa ) augusti Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau from Buenos Aires, Argentina.  Also, we document and discuss a historical specimen of the Old World carpenter bee X . ( Copoxyla ) iris (Christ) possibly collected in Brazil.

Victor H Gonzalez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • leucospis leucotelus hymenoptera leucospidae as a parasitoid of the large carpenter bee Xylocopa lateralis hymenoptera apidae xylocopinae in colombia
    2019
    Co-Authors: Mariano Lucia, Hoffmann Wolfgang, Victor H Gonzalez
    Abstract:

    We report Leucospis leucotelus Walker parasitizing nests of Xylocopa ( Schonnherria ) lateralis Say in Colombia. Previous literature records of species of Leucospis associated with species of Xylocopa are summarized

  • New species and designation of primary types in Neotropical carpenter bees of the genus Xylocopa Latreille (Hymenoptera, Apidae)
    2017
    Co-Authors: Mariano Lucia, Victor H Gonzalez
    Abstract:

    We describe and figure two distinctive new species of Neotropical carpenter bees of the genus Xylocopa, X. (Schonnherria) barbarae sp. n. from Bolivia, and X. (Schonnherria) bigibbosa sp. n. from Peru. To stabilize the names, we designate a neotype for X. (Schonnherria) dimidiata Latreille and lectotypes for the following species: X. (NeoXylocopa) andica Enderlein, X. (NeoXylocopa) columbiensis Pérez, X. (NeoXylocopa) mendozana Enderlein, and X. (NeoXylocopa) rufidorsum Enderlein. For each species, we provide comparative diagnosis, taxonomic comments, and summarize its distribution

  • systematics and biology of Xylocopa subgenus schonnherria hymenoptera apidae in argentina
    2015
    Co-Authors: Mariano Lucia, Victor H Gonzalez, Alberto Horacio Abrahamovich
    Abstract:

    Biological information on the species of the large carpenter bee Xylocopa subgenus Schonnherria occurring in Argentina is revised. Based on the appraisal of museum specimens, the study of type material, and field surveys conducted across 15 provinces between 2007 and 2011, the following seven species are recognized for the country: Xylocopa bambusae Schrottky, Xylocopa chrysopoda Schrottky, Xylocopa macrops Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau, Xylocopa simillima Smith Xylocopa splendidula Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau, Xylocopa pulchra Smith, and Xylocopa viridis Smith. Previous literature records of Xylocopa dimidiata Latreille, Xylocopa subcyanea Perez, and Xylocopa varians Smith for the province of Misiones appear to have been misidentified specimens, although the presence of these species in Argentina cannot be entirely ruled out given the proximity of this province to Brazil and Paraguay where they occur; Xylocopa boops Maidl was described from a male specimen with unusually enlarged eyes and is newly synonymized under Xylocopa macrops. Males and females of all species are diagnosed, described, and figured, including details of the male genitalia. Taxonomic comments, data on the geographical distribution and nesting substrates, and identification keys to all Argentinean species of Schonnherria are provided. The nesting biologies of Xylocopa splendidula and Xylocopa viridis are documented.

  • a gynandromorph of Xylocopa augusti and an unusual record of x iris from brazil hymenoptera apidae xylocopini
    2015
    Co-Authors: Mariano Lucia, Soledad C Villamil, Victor H Gonzalez
    Abstract:

    We describe and illustrate for the first time a mixed gynandromorph of Xylocopa ( NeoXylocopa ) augusti Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau from Buenos Aires, Argentina.  Also, we document and discuss a historical specimen of the Old World carpenter bee X . ( Copoxyla ) iris (Christ) possibly collected in Brazil.

  • a new gynandromorph of Xylocopa frontalis with a review of gynandromorphism in Xylocopa hymenoptera apidae xylocopini
    2013
    Co-Authors: Mariano Lucia, Victor H Gonzalez
    Abstract:

    ABSTRACT A new case of gynandromorphism in bees is described and illustrated for the first time for Xylocopa (NeoXylocopa) frontalis (Olivier), a widely distributed carpenter bee in the neotropical region. The mixed gynandromorph, recorded from a single specimen from Paraguay, exhibits a mixture of male and female features in all tagmata. Previous literature records of gynandromorphs in Xylocopa Latreille are summarized, and the species identity of some gynandromorphs recorded for South America is revised. Including the specimen described herein, gynandromorphs are now known for a total of 12 species in Xylocopa, half of them in the neotropical subgenus NeoXylocopa.

Remko Leys - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • molecular phylogeny and historical biogeography of the large carpenter bees genus Xylocopa hymenoptera apidae
    2002
    Co-Authors: Steve J B Cooper, Remko Leys, Michael Schwarz
    Abstract:

    The biogeographical history of major groups of bees with worldwide distributions have often been explained through hypotheses based on Gondwanan vicariance or long distance dispersal events, but until recently these hypotheses have been very difficult, if not impossible, to distinguish. New fossil data, comprehensive information on Mesozoic and Cenozoic coastline positions and the availability of phylogenetically informative DNA markers now makes it feasible to test these hypotheses for some groups of bees. This paper presents historical biogeographical analyses of the genus Xylocopa Latreille, based on phylogenetic analyses of species belonging to 22 subgenera using molecular data from two nuclear genes, elongation factor-1α (EF-1α) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), combined with previously published morphological and mitochondrial data sets. Phylogenetic analyses based on parsimony and likelihood approaches resulted in several groups of subgenera supported by high bootstrap values (>85%): an American group with the Oriental/Palaearctic subgenera Nyctomelitta and ProXylocopa as sister taxa; a geographically diverse group (Xylocopa s.l); and a group consisting of African and Oriental subgenera. The relationships among these three clades and the subgenus PeriXylocopa remained unresolved. The Oriental subgenus Biluna was found to be the sister group of all other carpenter bee subgenera included in this study. Using a relaxed molecular clock calibrated using fossil carpenter bees, we show that the major splits in the carpenter bee phylogeny occurred well after the final breakup of Gondwanaland (the separation of South America and Africa, 100 Mya), but before important Miocene fusion events. Ancestral area analysis showed that the genus Xylocopa most likely had an Oriental-Palaearctic origin and that the present world distribution of Xylocopa subgenera resulted mainly from independent dispersal events. The influence of Pleistocene glaciations on carpenter bee distributions is also discussed. © 2002 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2002, 77, 249–266.

  • molecular phylogeny of the large carpenter bees genus Xylocopa hymenoptera apidae based on mitochondrial dna sequences
    2000
    Co-Authors: Steve J B Cooper, Remko Leys, Michael Schwarz
    Abstract:

    Carpenter bees, genus Xylocopa Latreille, a group of bees found on all continents, are of particular interest to behavioral ecologists because of their utility for studies of the evolution of mating strategies and sociality. This paper presents phylogenetic analyses based on sequences of two mitochondrial genes cytochrome oxidase 1 and cytochrome b for 22 subgenera of Xylocopa. Maximum-parsimony and maximum-likelihood methods were used to infer phylogenetic relationships. The analyses resulted in three resolved clades of subgenera: a South American group (including the subgenera StenoXylocopa, MegaXylocopa, and NeoXylocopa), a group including the subgenera Xylocopa s.s. and CtenoXylocopa, and an Ethiopean group (including the subgenera AfroXylocopa, Mesotrichia, AlloXylocopa, Platynopoda, HoploXylocopa, and Koptortosoma). The relationships between the 11 other subgenera and the resolved clades are unclear. Within the Ethiopian group we found a clear separation of the African and the Oriental taxa and apparent polyphyly of the subgenus Koptortosoma. Using an evolutionary rate for ants, we investigated whether Gondwana vicariance or more recent dispersal events could best explain the present-day distribution of subgenera. Although some taxa show divergences that approach Gondwanan breakup times, most divergences between geographic groups are too recent to support a vicariance hypothesis.

Makoto Kato - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • an alien sennertia mite acari chaetodactylidae associated with an introduced oriental bamboo nesting large carpenter bee hymenoptera apidae Xylocopa invading the central honshu island japan
    2010
    Co-Authors: Kazuhide Kawazoe, Kimiko Okabe, Atsushi Kawakita, Makoto Kato
    Abstract:

    Since 2006, an introduced Oriental bamboo-nesting large carpenter bee, Xylocopa tranquebarorum, has been recorded from the central Honshu Island, Japan, which is inhabited only by the endemic subspecies, Xylocopa appendiculata circumvolans. Carpenter bees (tribes Xylocopini and Ceratinini) have ecological associations with specific Sennertia spp. in all geographic regions of their distribution, thus it is worried that the introduced carpenter bee has brought non-indigenous mites into Japan. In their native ranges, X. a. circumvolans and X. tranquebarorum each has specific Sennertia mite faunas: the four Japanese AlloXylocopa bees including X. a. circumvolans have associations with S. alfkeni, while X. tranquebarorum has association with S. potanini in China (except Taiwan) and with S. horrida in South to East Asia including Taiwan. In the present study, we examined phoretic mite fauna on the introduced X. tranquebarorum, and determined whether the mites are indigenous or not based on morphological character and two gene sequences (mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene and nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer). It was found from the result of this study that the non-indigenous Sennertia mite has invaded Japan with the introduced X. tranquebarorum. We discuss geographic origin of the introduced X. tranquebarorum based on associated mite fauna and potential ecological risk caused by the introduced Xylocopa-Sennertia association.

  • redundant species cryptic host associated divergence and secondary shift in sennertia mites acari chaetodactylidae associated with four large carpenter bees hymenoptera apidae Xylocopa in the japanese island arc
    2008
    Co-Authors: Kazuhide Kawazoe, Atsushi Kawakita, Yuichi Kameda, Makoto Kato
    Abstract:

    Sennertia mites live as inquilines in the nests of carpenter bees and disperse as deutonymphs on newly emerged adult bees. Because their life cycle is tightly linked to that of the host bees, Sennertia may diverge in response to speciation in the hosts. However, the majority of Sennertia species are associated with several closely related carpenter bees, suggesting that host speciation may not be reflected in mite genetic structure. Here we investigate the extent of host-associated genetic differentiation in two Sennertia mites (S. alfkeni and S. japonica) that share four closely related, strictly allopatric large carpenter bees (Xylocopa). Analysis of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene in Sennertia unexpectedly indicates that the two species represent morphological variants of a single species, and they collectively group into four distinct, allopatric clades that are uniquely associated with a single Xylocopa host. An exception is the mites associated with X. amamensis of the northernmost populations, which have genotypes typical of those associated with neighboring X. appendiculatacircumvolans. Additional analysis using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) further corroborates the presence of four mite clades but contrary to the COI data, suggests that the mites of the southernmost population of X. appendiculatacircumvolans have genetic profiles typical of those associated with X. amamensis. These results indicate that some mites have undergone secondary host switch after the formation of the four mite lineages and further experienced mitochondrial introgression during period of lineage coexistence. Overall, our results strongly urge reappraisal of deutonymph-based mite taxonomy and illuminate the importance of host-associated divergence during incipient stage of speciation in chaetodactylid mites. Furthermore, the occurrence of host switch and introgression between genetically differentiated mites entails that two host species have co-occurred in the past, thus providing a unique source of evidence for migration and competitive exclusion between the presently allopatric Xylocopa hosts.

  • phylogenetic position of the endemic large carpenter bee of the ogasawara islands Xylocopa ogasawarensis matsumura 1912 hymenoptera apidae inferred from four genes
    2008
    Co-Authors: Kazuhide Kawazoe, Atsushi Kawakita, Shinji Sugiura, Makoto Kato
    Abstract:

    The Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands are oceanic islands of volcanic origin located in the northwestern Pacific Ocean about 1,000 km south of the Japanese mainland. A large carpenter bee, Xylocopa (Koptortosoma) ogasawarensis, is endemic to the islands but its closest relative is unknown. The Ogasawara Islands are geographically closest to the Japanese Archipelago, but this area is inhabited only by species of a different subgenus, AlloXylocopa. Thus, X. ogasawarensis is commonly thought to have originated from other members of Koptortosoma, which is widely distributed in the Oriental tropical region. In this study, we investigated the origin of X. ogasawarensis using a phylogenetic analysis of Xylocopa based on four genes: mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) and cytochrome b (Cyt b), and nuclear elongation factor-1alpha (EF-1alpha) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK). A combined analysis of the four genes strongly suggests that Koptortosoma is a large, polyphyletic group, within which AlloXylocopa is embedded. Xylocopa ogasawarensis emerged as the species most closely related to AlloXylocopa and not to Oriental species of Koptortosoma. Contrary to previous views of the origin of X. ogasawarensis, our results suggest that X. ogasawarensis and AlloXylocopa share a common origin and diverged after they colonized the island regions of East Asia.

Michael Schwarz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • molecular phylogeny and historical biogeography of the large carpenter bees genus Xylocopa hymenoptera apidae
    2002
    Co-Authors: Steve J B Cooper, Remko Leys, Michael Schwarz
    Abstract:

    The biogeographical history of major groups of bees with worldwide distributions have often been explained through hypotheses based on Gondwanan vicariance or long distance dispersal events, but until recently these hypotheses have been very difficult, if not impossible, to distinguish. New fossil data, comprehensive information on Mesozoic and Cenozoic coastline positions and the availability of phylogenetically informative DNA markers now makes it feasible to test these hypotheses for some groups of bees. This paper presents historical biogeographical analyses of the genus Xylocopa Latreille, based on phylogenetic analyses of species belonging to 22 subgenera using molecular data from two nuclear genes, elongation factor-1α (EF-1α) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), combined with previously published morphological and mitochondrial data sets. Phylogenetic analyses based on parsimony and likelihood approaches resulted in several groups of subgenera supported by high bootstrap values (>85%): an American group with the Oriental/Palaearctic subgenera Nyctomelitta and ProXylocopa as sister taxa; a geographically diverse group (Xylocopa s.l); and a group consisting of African and Oriental subgenera. The relationships among these three clades and the subgenus PeriXylocopa remained unresolved. The Oriental subgenus Biluna was found to be the sister group of all other carpenter bee subgenera included in this study. Using a relaxed molecular clock calibrated using fossil carpenter bees, we show that the major splits in the carpenter bee phylogeny occurred well after the final breakup of Gondwanaland (the separation of South America and Africa, 100 Mya), but before important Miocene fusion events. Ancestral area analysis showed that the genus Xylocopa most likely had an Oriental-Palaearctic origin and that the present world distribution of Xylocopa subgenera resulted mainly from independent dispersal events. The influence of Pleistocene glaciations on carpenter bee distributions is also discussed. © 2002 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2002, 77, 249–266.

  • molecular phylogeny of the large carpenter bees genus Xylocopa hymenoptera apidae based on mitochondrial dna sequences
    2000
    Co-Authors: Steve J B Cooper, Remko Leys, Michael Schwarz
    Abstract:

    Carpenter bees, genus Xylocopa Latreille, a group of bees found on all continents, are of particular interest to behavioral ecologists because of their utility for studies of the evolution of mating strategies and sociality. This paper presents phylogenetic analyses based on sequences of two mitochondrial genes cytochrome oxidase 1 and cytochrome b for 22 subgenera of Xylocopa. Maximum-parsimony and maximum-likelihood methods were used to infer phylogenetic relationships. The analyses resulted in three resolved clades of subgenera: a South American group (including the subgenera StenoXylocopa, MegaXylocopa, and NeoXylocopa), a group including the subgenera Xylocopa s.s. and CtenoXylocopa, and an Ethiopean group (including the subgenera AfroXylocopa, Mesotrichia, AlloXylocopa, Platynopoda, HoploXylocopa, and Koptortosoma). The relationships between the 11 other subgenera and the resolved clades are unclear. Within the Ethiopian group we found a clear separation of the African and the Oriental taxa and apparent polyphyly of the subgenus Koptortosoma. Using an evolutionary rate for ants, we investigated whether Gondwana vicariance or more recent dispersal events could best explain the present-day distribution of subgenera. Although some taxa show divergences that approach Gondwanan breakup times, most divergences between geographic groups are too recent to support a vicariance hypothesis.

  • Nesting and life cycle of the Australian green carpenter bees Xylocopa (Lestis) aeratus Smith and Xylocopa (Lestis) bombylans (Fabricius) (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Xylocopinae).
    2000
    Co-Authors: Zeta Steen, Michael Schwarz
    Abstract:

    This paper expands on previous observations of Australian green carpenter bees by providing information about nesting substrates and the life cycle of Xylocopa (Lestis) aeratus and Xylocopa (Lestis) bombylans from more than 450 colonies from South Australia and New South Wales. Voltinism differs between the two species, but does not appear to vary within species from different locations, such as X. aeratus colonies on Kangaroo Island, South Australia and at Woy Woy, New South Wales. The architecture of nests (unbranched or branched) is related to the substrate diameter and may allow variation in social behaviour because different provisioning strategies can be used in the two nest types. Both species have some multifemale colonies for most of the year and this includes the brood-rearing period. Differences in voltinism, nest type and the occurrence of multifemale colonies during brood production are likely to lead to variation in social organisation within and between species.