The Experts below are selected from a list of 103356 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Lieven Pauwels - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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micro place disorder subjective powerlessness and violent Youth Group involvement testing an integrative control theory
International journal of criminology and sociology, 2014Co-Authors: Lieven Pauwels, Robert SvenssonAbstract:In this study we test an integrative theory that seeks to explain why Youth that live in disordered micro-places have an increase likelihood of becoming involved in a violent Youth Group. The emerging integrative theory is based on the principle of conceptual end-to-end integration and is the result of an attempt to integrate (1) a contemporary version of subjective powerlessness theory with (2) an integrative control framework of violent Youth Group involvement. We submit the thesis that the both aforementioned models are highly suitable for conceptual integration as micro-place disorder is a common antecedent. In addition, both models share an intervening mechanism in the observed micro-place disorder- violent Youth Group involvement relationship: the concept of normlessness. An integrative model allows for the study of multiple pathways through which micro-place disorder and subjective powerlessness affect the likelihood of becoming involved in a violent Youth Group. Using path analyses for continuous and dichotomous outcomes we test key propositions of our theoretical elaboration. Our research is based on a large sample of Youths in early adolescence (N=2,486) in the urban context of Antwerp, the second largest city of Belgium. The results indicate that micro-place disorder increases decreases parental monitoring and increases feelings of subjective powerlessness. Normlessness and low self-control are important mediators in the “causal chain” between micro-place disorder, subjective powerlessness and violent Youth Group involvement. Low self-control and lifestyle risk further mediate the effects of subjective powerlessness, normlessness and micro-place disorder. The implications of these findings for future studies of violent Youth Group involvement are discussed.
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Societal vulnerability and adolescent offending: The role of violent values, self-control and troublesome Youth Group involvement:
European Journal of Criminology, 2013Co-Authors: Nicole Vettenburg, Ruben Brondeel, Claire Gavray, Lieven PauwelsAbstract:The present study aims at testing the relationship between societal vulnerability and self-reported offending using the Belgian data of the second International Self-Report Delinquency Study (ISRD-2). Societal vulnerability is a much-discussed covariate of adolescent offending. We test the hypotheses that violent values, self-control and troublesome Youth Group involvement are key mechanisms that mediate the relationship between societal vulnerability and offending. We found an indirect path of societal vulnerability for offending through violent values, self-control and troublesome Youth Group involvement, but there remains also a direct impact. The implications of these findings for policy and future studies of offending are addressed.
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Violent Youth Group Involvement, Self-reported Offending and Victimisation: An Empirical Assessment of an Integrated Informal Control/Lifestyle Model
European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research, 2013Co-Authors: Lieven Pauwels, Robert SvenssonAbstract:The present study assesses the relationship between family and educational disadvantage on self-reported offending, victimisation and violent Youth Group involvement in a Belgian medium-sized city. Many studies have focused on the relationship between family disadvantage (one-parent families, immigrant background) and educational disadvantage (vocational tracking, school failure) and violent Youth Group involvement, offending/victimisation in surveys. The present study primarily assesses to what extent social bonds (parental monitoring and the school social bond), deviant beliefs, low self-control and lifestyle risk are stable mediators of the relationship between family and educational disadvantage and self-reported offending, victimisation and troublesome Youth Group involvement among young adolescents. The results indicate that the lifestyle-exposure model, which was initially used to explain individual differences in victimisation is much better capable of explaining differences in selfreported offending and violent Youth Group involvement than victimisation. The implications for further studies are discussed.
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Societal Vulnerability and Troublesome Youth Group Involvement: The Mediating Role of Violent Values and Low Self-Control
International Criminal Justice Review, 2011Co-Authors: Lieven Pauwels, Nicole Vettenburg, Claire Gavray, Ruben BrondeelAbstract:Troublesome Youth Groups (TYGs) or "gangs" have been a research topic in the past, especially in the United States, and an increasing number of studies are currently being conducted in European countries. However, Belgium has been rather absent from the study of TYGs. This study aims to fill that gap in the literature. In the present contribution, the authors are interested in the prevalence of Belgian adolescents' involvement in TYGs and the role of societal vulnerability in this involvement. The authors are interested in the strength of the relationship between societal vulnerability and TYG and test the hypotheses that violent values and low self-control mediate the relationship between societal vulnerability and TYG. The analyses are conducted on the Belgian sample of the second edition of the International Self-Reported Delinquency study (ISRD-2). Both violent values and self-control mediate the effect of societal vulnerability and have strong independent effects on TYG. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Ana Chevez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Youth Group Engagement in Noncompliant Communities During Supplemental Immunization Activities in Kaduna, Nigeria, in 2014
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2015Co-Authors: Audu Musa, Pascal Mkanda, Fadinding Manneh, Charles Korir, Charity Warigon, Emmanuel Gali, Richard Banda, Gregory Umeh, Peter Nsubuga, Ana ChevezAbstract:Tremendous progress to a poliomyelitis free world has been made since the World Health Assembly in 1988 inaugurated the Global Polio Eradication Initiative [1], with >99% reduction in confirmed cases of wild poliovirus (WPV) [2]. Since this drive to eradicate poliomyelitis, 3 countries—Nigeria, Afghanistan, and Pakistan—remain endemic reservoirs of WPV [3]. Poliomyelitis is one of the leading causes of acute flaccid paralysis among individuals aged
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Youth Group Engagement in Noncompliant Communities During Supplemental Immunization Activities in Kaduna, Nigeria, in 2014.
The Journal of infectious diseases, 2015Co-Authors: Audu Musa, Pascal Mkanda, Fadinding Manneh, Charles Korir, Charity Warigon, Emmanuel Gali, Richard Banda, Gregory Umeh, Peter Nsubuga, Ana ChevezAbstract:One of the major challenges being faced in the Global Polio Eradication Initiative program is persistent refusal of oral polio vaccine (OPV) and harassment of vaccination team members by Youths. The objective of the study was to describe the strategy of collaborating with recognized Youth Groups to reduce team harassment during vaccination campaigns and improve vaccination coverage in noncompliant communities. We assessed data from polio vaccination activities in OPV-refusing communities in the Igabi and Zaria local government areas (LGAs) of Kaduna State in Nigeria. We evaluated the following factors to determine trends: enhanced independent monitoring data on the proportion of children missed by vaccination activities (hereafter, "missed children"), lot quality assurance surveys, and vaccination team harassment. The proportion of missed children decreased in both LGAs after the intervention. In Igabi LGA and Zaria LGA, the lowest proportions of missed children before and after the intervention decreased from 7% to 2% and from 5% to 1%, respectively. Lot quality assurance survey trends showed an improvement in immunization coverage 1 year after Youth Groups' engagement in both LGAs. Systematic engagement of Youth Groups has a great future in polio interruption as we approach the endgame strategy for polio eradication. It promises to be a veritable innovation in reaching chronically missed children in OPV-refusing communities. © 2016 World Health Organization; licensee Oxford Journals.
Audu Musa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Youth Group Engagement in Noncompliant Communities During Supplemental Immunization Activities in Kaduna, Nigeria, in 2014
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2015Co-Authors: Audu Musa, Pascal Mkanda, Fadinding Manneh, Charles Korir, Charity Warigon, Emmanuel Gali, Richard Banda, Gregory Umeh, Peter Nsubuga, Ana ChevezAbstract:Tremendous progress to a poliomyelitis free world has been made since the World Health Assembly in 1988 inaugurated the Global Polio Eradication Initiative [1], with >99% reduction in confirmed cases of wild poliovirus (WPV) [2]. Since this drive to eradicate poliomyelitis, 3 countries—Nigeria, Afghanistan, and Pakistan—remain endemic reservoirs of WPV [3]. Poliomyelitis is one of the leading causes of acute flaccid paralysis among individuals aged
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Youth Group Engagement in Noncompliant Communities During Supplemental Immunization Activities in Kaduna, Nigeria, in 2014.
The Journal of infectious diseases, 2015Co-Authors: Audu Musa, Pascal Mkanda, Fadinding Manneh, Charles Korir, Charity Warigon, Emmanuel Gali, Richard Banda, Gregory Umeh, Peter Nsubuga, Ana ChevezAbstract:One of the major challenges being faced in the Global Polio Eradication Initiative program is persistent refusal of oral polio vaccine (OPV) and harassment of vaccination team members by Youths. The objective of the study was to describe the strategy of collaborating with recognized Youth Groups to reduce team harassment during vaccination campaigns and improve vaccination coverage in noncompliant communities. We assessed data from polio vaccination activities in OPV-refusing communities in the Igabi and Zaria local government areas (LGAs) of Kaduna State in Nigeria. We evaluated the following factors to determine trends: enhanced independent monitoring data on the proportion of children missed by vaccination activities (hereafter, "missed children"), lot quality assurance surveys, and vaccination team harassment. The proportion of missed children decreased in both LGAs after the intervention. In Igabi LGA and Zaria LGA, the lowest proportions of missed children before and after the intervention decreased from 7% to 2% and from 5% to 1%, respectively. Lot quality assurance survey trends showed an improvement in immunization coverage 1 year after Youth Groups' engagement in both LGAs. Systematic engagement of Youth Groups has a great future in polio interruption as we approach the endgame strategy for polio eradication. It promises to be a veritable innovation in reaching chronically missed children in OPV-refusing communities. © 2016 World Health Organization; licensee Oxford Journals.
Ruben Brondeel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Societal vulnerability and adolescent offending: The role of violent values, self-control and troublesome Youth Group involvement:
European Journal of Criminology, 2013Co-Authors: Nicole Vettenburg, Ruben Brondeel, Claire Gavray, Lieven PauwelsAbstract:The present study aims at testing the relationship between societal vulnerability and self-reported offending using the Belgian data of the second International Self-Report Delinquency Study (ISRD-2). Societal vulnerability is a much-discussed covariate of adolescent offending. We test the hypotheses that violent values, self-control and troublesome Youth Group involvement are key mechanisms that mediate the relationship between societal vulnerability and offending. We found an indirect path of societal vulnerability for offending through violent values, self-control and troublesome Youth Group involvement, but there remains also a direct impact. The implications of these findings for policy and future studies of offending are addressed.
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Societal Vulnerability and Troublesome Youth Group Involvement: The Mediating Role of Violent Values and Low Self-Control
International Criminal Justice Review, 2011Co-Authors: Lieven Pauwels, Nicole Vettenburg, Claire Gavray, Ruben BrondeelAbstract:Troublesome Youth Groups (TYGs) or "gangs" have been a research topic in the past, especially in the United States, and an increasing number of studies are currently being conducted in European countries. However, Belgium has been rather absent from the study of TYGs. This study aims to fill that gap in the literature. In the present contribution, the authors are interested in the prevalence of Belgian adolescents' involvement in TYGs and the role of societal vulnerability in this involvement. The authors are interested in the strength of the relationship between societal vulnerability and TYG and test the hypotheses that violent values and low self-control mediate the relationship between societal vulnerability and TYG. The analyses are conducted on the Belgian sample of the second edition of the International Self-Reported Delinquency study (ISRD-2). Both violent values and self-control mediate the effect of societal vulnerability and have strong independent effects on TYG. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Ninetta Santoro - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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sudanese refugee Youth and educational success the role of church and Youth Group in supporting cultural and academic adjustment and schooling achievement
International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 2017Co-Authors: Jane Wilkinson, Ninetta Santoro, Jae MajorAbstract:Abstract There is a burgeoning body of research about refugee Youth that adopts a deficit approach by focusing on the problems and barriers Youth encounter in adjusting culturally and academically to schools. Less research takes an asset approach through an examination of the strengths refugee Youth bring to formal schooling and how these assets can be built upon to support academic achievement and cultural adjustment. In this article, we challenge these deficit notions, through examining the everyday spaces inhabited by Sudanese refugee Youth living in regional New South Wales, Australia. Our research poses the question: what role do institutions outside school play in supporting Sudanese refugee Youth as they move from one culture to another? The question is significant because little research has examined the role played by institutions outside school, e.g., church, Youth Groups and sporting associations in fostering the social and cultural capital required for refugee Youth to integrate within the broader community, and to engage successfully in schooling. Drawing on Bourdieuian concepts of cultural and social capital and habitus, we suggest that religious affiliation enabled the young people to access social capital through “prosocial and proeducational moral directives” (Barrett, 2010; p. 467). Moreover, religious involvement provided refugee Youth with access to socially legitimised forms of cultural capital. These forms of capital shaped the students’ habitus and contributed to school adjustment and achievement. We conclude that future research is needed to examine the role that church and other institutions outside school play in contributing to cultural and academic adjustment.
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Nurturing Sudanese refugee Youth as leaders through participation in church Youth Groups
2014Co-Authors: Jane Wilkinson, Ninetta SantoroAbstract:In this paper, we examine the key role that church - and a church Youth Group - played in fostering the social capital and leadership potential of a Group of young Sudanese refugees situated in regional New South Wales, Australia. The paper draws on a larger 18 month study which explored the role which out-of-school networks and practices may have played in generating the resources to support and facilitate Sudanese refugee students' formal educational achievements. Case studies of eight young Sudanese people attending secondary school in two regional towns were conducted. The studies focussed on young people who had been identified as educationally successful in their respective communities. Success was defined in broad terms to include family and community engagement and responsibility, as well as positive attitudes to learning, knowing how to learn, and where to go to gain assistance to learn. The study utilised photo-voice, focus Groups with young Sudanese students attending secondary school, interviews with their parents/caregivers, observations of extracurricular activities in which the young people were participating, and interviews with key personnel whom the young people had nominated as supportive in building their sense of belonging in the broader Australian community and supporting their formal educational achievement. Eight Sudanese Youth in two regional communities were nominated by key community Groups and educational personnel working with refugee young people.
