The Experts below are selected from a list of 7908 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Wenli Zhou - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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distilling Zinc with Zinc Sulfide ores the technology of qing dynasty Zinc production in guiyang central south china
Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 2020Co-Authors: Ya Xiao, Linheng Mo, Jianli Chen, Wenli ZhouAbstract:Abstract It is difficult to distill metal Zinc partly due to the reduction temperature of Zinc oxide ores close to the boiling point of metallic Zinc. The treatment of Zinc Sulfide ores is more complicated since they have to be roasted before smelting. Previous archaeometallurgical studies on Zinc smelting technology in China mainly focus on the distillation of Zinc oxide ores. This paper, for the first time, presents analytical results of archaeological evidence about the distillation of Zinc Sulfide ores in Guiyang in southern China dated back to the Qing Dynasty (CE 1636–1912). The smelting remains including ores, distillation retorts and slags, especially the roasting hearths and Zinc calcine firstly discovered and confirmed in Zinc smelting sites were characterized comprehensively by p-XRF, OM, SEM-EDS and XRD. It was revealed that the Zinc smelting technology in the Tongmuling site and the Doulingxia site was mainly based on the distillation of Zinc Sulfide ores, which should be oxidized by a lengthy roasting processing at the lower temperature before the distilling. In order to enhance the condensation efficiency, the height of the condensers in the distillation retorts has been significantly increased. Most of the Zinc products were ordered by the Minting sub-Bureau of Baonan in Changsha.
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distilling Zinc with Zinc Sulfide ores the technology of qing dynasty Zinc production in guiyang central south china
Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 2020Co-Authors: Ya Xiao, Linheng Mo, Jianli Chen, Wenli ZhouAbstract:Abstract It is difficult to distill metal Zinc partly due to the reduction temperature of Zinc oxide ores close to the boiling point of metallic Zinc. The treatment of Zinc Sulfide ores is more complicated since they have to be roasted before smelting. Previous archaeometallurgical studies on Zinc smelting technology in China mainly focus on the distillation of Zinc oxide ores. This paper, for the first time, presents analytical results of archaeological evidence about the distillation of Zinc Sulfide ores in Guiyang in southern China dated back to the Qing Dynasty (CE 1636–1912). The smelting remains including ores, distillation retorts and slags, especially the roasting hearths and Zinc calcine firstly discovered and confirmed in Zinc smelting sites were characterized comprehensively by p-XRF, OM, SEM-EDS and XRD. It was revealed that the Zinc smelting technology in the Tongmuling site and the Doulingxia site was mainly based on the distillation of Zinc Sulfide ores, which should be oxidized by a lengthy roasting processing at the lower temperature before the distilling. In order to enhance the condensation efficiency, the height of the condensers in the distillation retorts has been significantly increased. Most of the Zinc products were ordered by the Minting sub-Bureau of Baonan in Changsha.
Ya Xiao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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distilling Zinc with Zinc Sulfide ores the technology of qing dynasty Zinc production in guiyang central south china
Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 2020Co-Authors: Ya Xiao, Linheng Mo, Jianli Chen, Wenli ZhouAbstract:Abstract It is difficult to distill metal Zinc partly due to the reduction temperature of Zinc oxide ores close to the boiling point of metallic Zinc. The treatment of Zinc Sulfide ores is more complicated since they have to be roasted before smelting. Previous archaeometallurgical studies on Zinc smelting technology in China mainly focus on the distillation of Zinc oxide ores. This paper, for the first time, presents analytical results of archaeological evidence about the distillation of Zinc Sulfide ores in Guiyang in southern China dated back to the Qing Dynasty (CE 1636–1912). The smelting remains including ores, distillation retorts and slags, especially the roasting hearths and Zinc calcine firstly discovered and confirmed in Zinc smelting sites were characterized comprehensively by p-XRF, OM, SEM-EDS and XRD. It was revealed that the Zinc smelting technology in the Tongmuling site and the Doulingxia site was mainly based on the distillation of Zinc Sulfide ores, which should be oxidized by a lengthy roasting processing at the lower temperature before the distilling. In order to enhance the condensation efficiency, the height of the condensers in the distillation retorts has been significantly increased. Most of the Zinc products were ordered by the Minting sub-Bureau of Baonan in Changsha.
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distilling Zinc with Zinc Sulfide ores the technology of qing dynasty Zinc production in guiyang central south china
Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 2020Co-Authors: Ya Xiao, Linheng Mo, Jianli Chen, Wenli ZhouAbstract:Abstract It is difficult to distill metal Zinc partly due to the reduction temperature of Zinc oxide ores close to the boiling point of metallic Zinc. The treatment of Zinc Sulfide ores is more complicated since they have to be roasted before smelting. Previous archaeometallurgical studies on Zinc smelting technology in China mainly focus on the distillation of Zinc oxide ores. This paper, for the first time, presents analytical results of archaeological evidence about the distillation of Zinc Sulfide ores in Guiyang in southern China dated back to the Qing Dynasty (CE 1636–1912). The smelting remains including ores, distillation retorts and slags, especially the roasting hearths and Zinc calcine firstly discovered and confirmed in Zinc smelting sites were characterized comprehensively by p-XRF, OM, SEM-EDS and XRD. It was revealed that the Zinc smelting technology in the Tongmuling site and the Doulingxia site was mainly based on the distillation of Zinc Sulfide ores, which should be oxidized by a lengthy roasting processing at the lower temperature before the distilling. In order to enhance the condensation efficiency, the height of the condensers in the distillation retorts has been significantly increased. Most of the Zinc products were ordered by the Minting sub-Bureau of Baonan in Changsha.
Paul Obrien - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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thio and dithio biuret precursors for Zinc Sulfide cadmium Sulfide and Zinc cadmium Sulfide thin films
Chemistry of Materials, 2011Co-Authors: Karthik Ramasamy, James Raftery, Madeleine Helliwell, Mohammad Azad Malik, Paul ObrienAbstract:Zinc and cadmium complexes of 1,1,5,5-tetraalkyl-2-4-dithiobiurets [M(N(SCNR2)2)2] [M = Zn, R = methy (1), ethyl (2) and M = Cd, R = methyl (4), ethyl (5)] and 1,1,5,5-tetraalkyl-2-thiobiurets [M(SON(CNR2)2)2] [M = Zn, R = isopropyl (3) and M = Cd, R = isopropyl (6)] have been synthesized. The single crystal X-ray structures of complexes (2), (3), (4), and (5) were determined. Thermogravimetric analysis confirmed that all six complexes decomposed in a single step to their corresponding metal Sulfides. The complexes were used as single source precursors for the deposition of Zinc Sulfide (ZnS), cadmium Sulfide (CdS), and Zinc cadmium Sulfide (ZnxCd1−xS) thin films by aerosol assisted chemical vapor deposition (AACVD). The Zinc complexes (1) and (3) deposited cubic ZnS films with small rods and granular crystallites at 300 and 350 °C, whereas at 400 and 450 °C hexagonal ZnS with granular crystallites were dominant. Complex (2) gave granular hexagonal ZnS films at all deposition temperatures. Cadmium complex...
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in situ kinetic studies of the chemical bath deposition of Zinc Sulfide from acidic solutions
Journal of Materials Chemistry, 2002Co-Authors: Alexander Bayer, David S Boyle, Paul ObrienAbstract:Adherent and uniform films of Zinc Sulfide have been deposited reproducibly by chemical bath deposition (CBD), onto low iron content microscope slides, under acidic conditions from solutions containing Zinc(II) chloride, urea and thioacetamide. In situ measurements using a quartz crystal microbalance suggest that film growth occurs after a short induction period, via an initial rapid phase (deposition rate of 91 nm h−1), followed by a slower process (growth rate of 52 nm h−1). The ZnS films are predominantly of the hexagonal modification (wurtzite structure), as determined by X-ray powder diffraction. Scanning electron micrographs of the deposited layers, obtained on samples removed at regular intervals from the bath, suggest that as the reaction proceeds, uniform film growth is associated with increasing particle size, rather than continuous nucleation and deposition of new primary particles. EDAX spectra of the films are typical of thin CBD-deposited layers of ZnS; signals attributable to elements within the glass substrate are also detected. Grain size distributions have been investigated using computational image analysis, and an average grain growth rate of 33.7 nm h−1 has been calculated.
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chemical bath deposition of Zinc Sulfide from acidic solutions
MRS Proceedings, 2001Co-Authors: Iain P Ohare, Paul Obrien, Kuvasani Govender, David SmythboyleAbstract:At present, the soft processing of materials attracts considerable interest. Chemical bath deposition (CBD) effects film formation by means of a controlled chemical reaction. Adherent, uniform and reproducible films of Zinc Sulfide (ZnS) have been deposited, upon low iron-content microscope slides, under acidic conditions, from a solution containing Zinc chloride, urea and thioacetamide. Scanning electron micrographs of the deposited layers suggest that, as the reaction proceeds, uniform film growth is associated with increasing particle size, rather than continuous nucleation and deposition of new primary particles. Energy Dispersive Analysis by X-Rays (EDAX) spectra are typical of CBD-deposited films of ZnS; signals attributable to elements within the glass substrate are also detected, an observation consistent with the thin nature of the films. Grain size distributions have been investigated using computational image analysis, and an average increase in the diameter of the deposited particles of 33.7 nanometres per hour has been calculated.
Linheng Mo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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distilling Zinc with Zinc Sulfide ores the technology of qing dynasty Zinc production in guiyang central south china
Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 2020Co-Authors: Ya Xiao, Linheng Mo, Jianli Chen, Wenli ZhouAbstract:Abstract It is difficult to distill metal Zinc partly due to the reduction temperature of Zinc oxide ores close to the boiling point of metallic Zinc. The treatment of Zinc Sulfide ores is more complicated since they have to be roasted before smelting. Previous archaeometallurgical studies on Zinc smelting technology in China mainly focus on the distillation of Zinc oxide ores. This paper, for the first time, presents analytical results of archaeological evidence about the distillation of Zinc Sulfide ores in Guiyang in southern China dated back to the Qing Dynasty (CE 1636–1912). The smelting remains including ores, distillation retorts and slags, especially the roasting hearths and Zinc calcine firstly discovered and confirmed in Zinc smelting sites were characterized comprehensively by p-XRF, OM, SEM-EDS and XRD. It was revealed that the Zinc smelting technology in the Tongmuling site and the Doulingxia site was mainly based on the distillation of Zinc Sulfide ores, which should be oxidized by a lengthy roasting processing at the lower temperature before the distilling. In order to enhance the condensation efficiency, the height of the condensers in the distillation retorts has been significantly increased. Most of the Zinc products were ordered by the Minting sub-Bureau of Baonan in Changsha.
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distilling Zinc with Zinc Sulfide ores the technology of qing dynasty Zinc production in guiyang central south china
Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 2020Co-Authors: Ya Xiao, Linheng Mo, Jianli Chen, Wenli ZhouAbstract:Abstract It is difficult to distill metal Zinc partly due to the reduction temperature of Zinc oxide ores close to the boiling point of metallic Zinc. The treatment of Zinc Sulfide ores is more complicated since they have to be roasted before smelting. Previous archaeometallurgical studies on Zinc smelting technology in China mainly focus on the distillation of Zinc oxide ores. This paper, for the first time, presents analytical results of archaeological evidence about the distillation of Zinc Sulfide ores in Guiyang in southern China dated back to the Qing Dynasty (CE 1636–1912). The smelting remains including ores, distillation retorts and slags, especially the roasting hearths and Zinc calcine firstly discovered and confirmed in Zinc smelting sites were characterized comprehensively by p-XRF, OM, SEM-EDS and XRD. It was revealed that the Zinc smelting technology in the Tongmuling site and the Doulingxia site was mainly based on the distillation of Zinc Sulfide ores, which should be oxidized by a lengthy roasting processing at the lower temperature before the distilling. In order to enhance the condensation efficiency, the height of the condensers in the distillation retorts has been significantly increased. Most of the Zinc products were ordered by the Minting sub-Bureau of Baonan in Changsha.
Jianli Chen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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distilling Zinc with Zinc Sulfide ores the technology of qing dynasty Zinc production in guiyang central south china
Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 2020Co-Authors: Ya Xiao, Linheng Mo, Jianli Chen, Wenli ZhouAbstract:Abstract It is difficult to distill metal Zinc partly due to the reduction temperature of Zinc oxide ores close to the boiling point of metallic Zinc. The treatment of Zinc Sulfide ores is more complicated since they have to be roasted before smelting. Previous archaeometallurgical studies on Zinc smelting technology in China mainly focus on the distillation of Zinc oxide ores. This paper, for the first time, presents analytical results of archaeological evidence about the distillation of Zinc Sulfide ores in Guiyang in southern China dated back to the Qing Dynasty (CE 1636–1912). The smelting remains including ores, distillation retorts and slags, especially the roasting hearths and Zinc calcine firstly discovered and confirmed in Zinc smelting sites were characterized comprehensively by p-XRF, OM, SEM-EDS and XRD. It was revealed that the Zinc smelting technology in the Tongmuling site and the Doulingxia site was mainly based on the distillation of Zinc Sulfide ores, which should be oxidized by a lengthy roasting processing at the lower temperature before the distilling. In order to enhance the condensation efficiency, the height of the condensers in the distillation retorts has been significantly increased. Most of the Zinc products were ordered by the Minting sub-Bureau of Baonan in Changsha.
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distilling Zinc with Zinc Sulfide ores the technology of qing dynasty Zinc production in guiyang central south china
Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 2020Co-Authors: Ya Xiao, Linheng Mo, Jianli Chen, Wenli ZhouAbstract:Abstract It is difficult to distill metal Zinc partly due to the reduction temperature of Zinc oxide ores close to the boiling point of metallic Zinc. The treatment of Zinc Sulfide ores is more complicated since they have to be roasted before smelting. Previous archaeometallurgical studies on Zinc smelting technology in China mainly focus on the distillation of Zinc oxide ores. This paper, for the first time, presents analytical results of archaeological evidence about the distillation of Zinc Sulfide ores in Guiyang in southern China dated back to the Qing Dynasty (CE 1636–1912). The smelting remains including ores, distillation retorts and slags, especially the roasting hearths and Zinc calcine firstly discovered and confirmed in Zinc smelting sites were characterized comprehensively by p-XRF, OM, SEM-EDS and XRD. It was revealed that the Zinc smelting technology in the Tongmuling site and the Doulingxia site was mainly based on the distillation of Zinc Sulfide ores, which should be oxidized by a lengthy roasting processing at the lower temperature before the distilling. In order to enhance the condensation efficiency, the height of the condensers in the distillation retorts has been significantly increased. Most of the Zinc products were ordered by the Minting sub-Bureau of Baonan in Changsha.
