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Martin R. Broadley - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Spatial analysis of urine Zinc (Zn) concentration for women of reproductive age and school age children in Malawi
Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 2020Co-Authors: Felix P. Phiri, E. Louise Ander, Michael J. Watts, R. Murray Lark, Alexander A. Kalimbira, Parminder S. Suchdev, Jellita Gondwe, Elliott M. Hamilton, Martin R. BroadleyAbstract:Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient, and Zn deficiency remains a major global public health challenge. Recognised biomarkers of population Zn status include blood plasma or serum Zn concentration and proxy data such as dietary Zn intake and prevalence of stunting. Urine Zn concentration is rarely used to assess population Zn status. This study assessed the value of urine Zn concentration as a biomarker of population Zn status using a nationally representative sample of non-pregnant women of reproductive age (WRA) and school-aged children (SAC) in Malawi. Spot (casual) urine samples were collected from 741 WRA and 665 SAC. Urine Zn concentration was measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry with specific gravity adjustment for hydration status. Data were analysed using a linear mixed model with a spatially correlated random effect for between-cluster variation. The effect of time of sample collection (morning or afternoon), and gender (for SAC), on urine Zn concentration were examined. There was spatial dependence in urine Zn concentration between clusters among SAC but not WRA, which indicates that food system or environmental factors can influence urine Zn concentration. Mapping urine Zn concentration could potentially identify areas where the prevalence of Zn deficiency is greater and thus where further sampling or interventions might be targeted. There was no evidence for differences in urine Zn concentration between gender ( P = 0.69) or time of sample collection ( P = 0.85) in SAC. Urine Zn concentration was greater in afternoon samples for WRA ( P = 0.003). Relationships between urine Zn concentration, serum Zn concentration, dietary Zn intake, and potential food systems covariates warrant further study.
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Valuing increased Zinc (Zn) fertiliser-use in Pakistan.
Plant and soil, 2016Co-Authors: Edward J. M. Joy, Waqar Ahmad, Munir Hussain Zia, Diriba B. Kumssa, Scott D. Young, E. Louise Ander, Michael J. Watts, Alexander J. Stein, Martin R. BroadleyAbstract:Background and aims Use of Zinc (Zn) fertilisers may be cost-effective in increasing crop yields and in alleviating dietary Zn deficiency. However, Zn fertilisers are underutilised in many countries despite the widespread occurrence of Zn-deficient soils. Here, increased Zn fertiliser-use scenarios were simulated for wheat production in Punjab and Sindh Provinces, Pakistan. Inputs and outputs were valued in terms of both potential yield gains as well as health gains in the population.
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Valuing increased Zinc (Zn) fertiliser-use in Pakistan
Plant and Soil, 2016Co-Authors: Edward J. M. Joy, Waqar Ahmad, Munir Hussain Zia, Diriba B. Kumssa, Scott D. Young, E. Louise Ander, Michael J. Watts, Alexander J. Stein, Martin R. BroadleyAbstract:Use of Zinc (Zn) fertilisers may be cost-effective in increasing crop yields and in alleviating dietary Zn deficiency. However, Zn fertilisers are underutilised in many countries despite the widespread occurrence of Zn-deficient soils. Here, increased Zn fertiliser-use scenarios were simulated for wheat production in Punjab and Sindh Provinces, Pakistan. Inputs and outputs were valued in terms of both potential yield gains as well as health gains in the population.\ud Methods\ud \ud The current dietary Zn deficiency risk of 23.9 % in Pakistan was based on food supply and wheat grain surveys. “Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) lost” are a common metric of disease burden; an estimated 245,000 DALYs y−1 are lost in Punjab and Sindh due to Zn deficiency. Baseline Zn fertiliser-use of 7.3 kt y−1 ZnSO4.H2O was obtained from published and industry sources. The wheat area currently receiving Zn fertilisers, and grain yield responses of 8 and 14 % in Punjab and Sindh, respectively, were based on a recent survey of >2500 farmers. Increased grain Zn concentrations under Zn fertilisation were estimated from literature data and converted to improved Zn intake in humans and ultimately a reduction in DALYs lost
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Tandem quadruplication of HMA4 in the Zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd) hyperaccumulator Noccaea caerulescens.
PLoS ONE, 2011Co-Authors: Seosamh Ó Lochlainn, Helen C. Bowen, Rupert G. Fray, John P. Hammond, Graham J.w. King, Philip J. White, Neil S. Graham, Martin R. BroadleyAbstract:Zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd) hyperaccumulation may have evolved twice in the Brassicaceae, in Arabidopsis halleri and in the Noccaea genus. Tandem gene duplication and deregulated expression of the Zn transporter, HMA4, has previously been linked to Zn/Cd hyperaccumulation in A. halleri. Here, we tested the hypothesis that tandem duplication and deregulation of HMA4 expression also occurs in Noccaea. A Noccaea caerulescens genomic library was generated, containing 36,864 fosmid pCC1FOS™ clones with insert sizes ~20–40 kbp, and screened with a PCR-generated HMA4 genomic probe. Gene copy number within the genome was estimated through DNA fingerprinting and pooled fosmid pyrosequencing. Gene copy numbers within individual clones was determined by PCR analyses with novel locus specific primers. Entire fosmids were then sequenced individually and reads equivalent to 20-fold coverage were assembled to generate complete whole contigs. Four tandem HMA4 repeats were identified in a contiguous sequence of 101,480 bp based on sequence overlap identities. These were flanked by regions syntenous with up and downstream regions of AtHMA4 in Arabidopsis thaliana. Promoter-reporter β-glucuronidase (GUS) fusion analysis of a NcHMA4 in A. thaliana revealed deregulated expression in roots and shoots, analogous to AhHMA4 promoters, but distinct from AtHMA4 expression which localised to the root vascular tissue. This remarkable consistency in tandem duplication and deregulated expression of metal transport genes between N. caerulescens and A. halleri, which last shared a common ancestor >40 mya, provides intriguing evidence that parallel evolutionary pathways may underlie Zn/Cd hyperaccumulation in Brassicaceae.
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Shoot Zinc (Zn) concentration varies widely within Brassica oleracea L. and is affected by soil Zn and phosphorus (P) levels
The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 2010Co-Authors: Martin R. Broadley, Ismail Cakmak, Seosamh Ó Lochlainn, Helen C. Bowen, John P. Hammond, Graham J.w. King, Selim Eker, Halil Erdem, Philip J. WhiteAbstract:The low availability of Zinc (Zn) in soils and crops affects dietary Zn intake worldwide. This study sought to determine if the natural genetic variation in shoot Zn concentrations ([Zn](shoot)) is sufficient to pursue a crop improvement breeding strategy in a leafy vegetable crop. The gene-pool of Brassica oleracea L. was sampled using a large (n = 376) diversity foundation set (DFS), representing almost all species-wide common allelic variation, and 74 commercial varieties (mostly F-1). The DFS genotypes were grown at low and high soil phosphorus (P) levels under glasshouse and field conditions, and also in a Zn-deficient soil, with or without Zn-fertilisation, in a glasshouse. Despite the large variation in [Zn](shoot) among genotypes, environment had a profound effect on [Zn](shoot) The heritability of [Zn](shoot) was significant, but relatively low, among 90 doubled-haploid (DH) lines from a mapping population. While several quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with [Zn](shoot) occurred on chromosomes C2, C3, C5, C7, and C9, these were generally weak and conditional upon growth conditions. Breeding for [Zn](shoot) in B. oleracea is therefore likely to be challenging. Shoot P concentrations increased substantially in all genotypes under low soil Zn conditions. Conversely, only some genotypes had increased [Zn](shoot) at low soil P levels. Sufficient natural genetic variation may therefore exist to study some of the interactions between Zn and P nutrition.
Ismail Cakmak - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Zinc Zn concentration of bread wheat grown under mediterranean conditions as affected by genotype and soil foliar Zn application
Plant and Soil, 2016Co-Authors: Francisco Gomezcoronado, M J Poblaciones, Ana S Almeida, Ismail CakmakAbstract:Background and aims The combination of plant breeding and agronomic biofortification is the most reasonable approach to minimize Zinc (Zn) deficiency-related problems in humans, but also in crop production. However, its efficiency and suitability under Mediterranean conditions and its effects on the grain yield and quality parameters are not well known.
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Zinc Zn concentration of bread wheat grown under mediterranean conditions as affected by genotype and soil foliar Zn application
Plant and Soil, 2016Co-Authors: Francisco Gomezcoronado, M J Poblaciones, Ana S Almeida, Ismail CakmakAbstract:The combination of plant breeding and agronomic biofortification is the most reasonable approach to minimize Zinc (Zn) deficiency-related problems in humans, but also in crop production. However, its efficiency and suitability under Mediterranean conditions and its effects on the grain yield and quality parameters are not well known. Field experiments were conducted over two years in south-eastern Portugal, where soils are deficient in Zn. Ten advanced breeding lines and three commercial varieties of bread-making wheat were fertilized with four Zn treatments as following: i) control, ii) soil Zn application, iii) foliar Zn application and iv) both soil and foliar Zn application. Low rainfall produced 46 % more of grain Zn concentration but about 67 % less of grain yield. Grain Zn concentration varied greatly across treatments and cultivars with INIAV-1, INIAV-6, INIAV-9 and the commercial varieties being the most efficient. There were no significant increases in Zn concentrations due to soil Zn application, but gains higher than 20 mg kg−1 were obtained both with foliar and soil+foliar Zn applications. Grain yield was not significantly higher in foliar application, but increased to about 10 % in soil, and about 7 % in soil+foliar applications, respectively. In soils with low Zn availability, the best strategy to improve grain Zn concentrations has been to select the most efficient cultivars for Zn accumulation with the added application of Zn in soil+foliar form.
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Zinc (Zn) concentration of bread wheat grown under Mediterranean conditions as affected by genotype and soil/foliar Zn application
Plant and Soil, 2015Co-Authors: Francisco Gomez-coronado, M J Poblaciones, Ana S Almeida, Ismail CakmakAbstract:Background and aims The combination of plant breeding and agronomic biofortification is the most reasonable approach to minimize Zinc (Zn) deficiency-related problems in humans, but also in crop production. However, its efficiency and suitability under Mediterranean conditions and its effects on the grain yield and quality parameters are not well known. \ud \ud Methods Field experiments were conducted over two years in south-eastern Portugal, where soils are deficient in Zn. Ten advanced breeding lines and three commercial varieties of bread-making wheat were fertilized with four Zn treatments as following: i) control, ii) soil Zn application, iii) foliar Zn application and iv) both soil and foliar Zn application. \ud \ud Results Low rainfall produced 46 % more of grain Zn concentration but about 67 % less of grain yield. Grain Zn concentration varied greatly across treatments and cultivars with INIAV-1, INIAV-6, INIAV-9 and the commercial varieties being the most efficient. There were no significant increases in Zn concentrations due to soil Zn application, but gains higher than 20 mg kg(-1) were obtained both with foliar and soil+foliar Zn applications. Grain yield was not significantly higher in foliar application, but increased to about 10 % in soil, and about 7 % in soil+foliar applications, respectively. \ud \ud Conclusions In soils with low Zn availability, the best strategy to improve grain Zn concentrations has been to select the most efficient cultivars for Zn accumulation with the added application of Zn in soil+foliar form
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Zinc (Zn) concentration of bread wheat grown under Mediterranean conditions as affected by genotype and soil/foliar Zn application
Plant and Soil, 2015Co-Authors: Francisco Gomez-coronado, M J Poblaciones, Ana S Almeida, Ismail CakmakAbstract:The combination of plant breeding and agronomic biofortification is the most reasonable approach to minimize Zinc (Zn) deficiency-related problems in humans, but also in crop production. However, its efficiency and suitability under Mediterranean conditions and its effects on the grain yield and quality parameters are not well known. Field experiments were conducted over two years in south-eastern Portugal, where soils are deficient in Zn. Ten advanced breeding lines and three commercial varieties of bread-making wheat were fertilized with four Zn treatments as following: i) control, ii) soil Zn application, iii) foliar Zn application and iv) both soil and foliar Zn application. Low rainfall produced 46 % more of grain Zn concentration but about 67 % less of grain yield. Grain Zn concentration varied greatly across treatments and cultivars with INIAV-1, INIAV-6, INIAV-9 and the commercial varieties being the most efficient. There were no significant increases in Zn concentrations due to soil Zn application, but gains higher than 20 mg kg−1 were obtained both with foliar and soil+foliar Zn applications. Grain yield was not significantly higher in foliar application, but increased to about 10 % in soil, and about 7 % in soil+foliar applications, respectively. In soils with low Zn availability, the best strategy to improve grain Zn concentrations has been to select the most efficient cultivars for Zn accumulation with the added application of Zn in soil+foliar form.
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Shoot Zinc (Zn) concentration varies widely within Brassica oleracea L. and is affected by soil Zn and phosphorus (P) levels
The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 2010Co-Authors: Martin R. Broadley, Ismail Cakmak, Seosamh Ó Lochlainn, Helen C. Bowen, John P. Hammond, Graham J.w. King, Selim Eker, Halil Erdem, Philip J. WhiteAbstract:The low availability of Zinc (Zn) in soils and crops affects dietary Zn intake worldwide. This study sought to determine if the natural genetic variation in shoot Zn concentrations ([Zn](shoot)) is sufficient to pursue a crop improvement breeding strategy in a leafy vegetable crop. The gene-pool of Brassica oleracea L. was sampled using a large (n = 376) diversity foundation set (DFS), representing almost all species-wide common allelic variation, and 74 commercial varieties (mostly F-1). The DFS genotypes were grown at low and high soil phosphorus (P) levels under glasshouse and field conditions, and also in a Zn-deficient soil, with or without Zn-fertilisation, in a glasshouse. Despite the large variation in [Zn](shoot) among genotypes, environment had a profound effect on [Zn](shoot) The heritability of [Zn](shoot) was significant, but relatively low, among 90 doubled-haploid (DH) lines from a mapping population. While several quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with [Zn](shoot) occurred on chromosomes C2, C3, C5, C7, and C9, these were generally weak and conditional upon growth conditions. Breeding for [Zn](shoot) in B. oleracea is therefore likely to be challenging. Shoot P concentrations increased substantially in all genotypes under low soil Zn conditions. Conversely, only some genotypes had increased [Zn](shoot) at low soil P levels. Sufficient natural genetic variation may therefore exist to study some of the interactions between Zn and P nutrition.
Wilfried H. O. Ernst - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a cosegregation analysis of Zinc Zn accumulation and Zn tolerance in the Zn hyperaccumulator thlaspi caerulescens
New Phytologist, 2003Co-Authors: Adaildo Gomes D'assunção, Wilma Ten M Bookum, Hans J.m. Nelissen, Henk Schat, Riet Vooijs, Wilfried H. O. ErnstAbstract:Summary • To analyse the relation between Zinc (Zn) accumulation and Zn tolerance in the Zn hyperaccumulator, Thlaspi caerulescens, a cross was made between a plant from a nonmetallicolous population (LE: high accumulation, low tolerance) and one from a calamine population (LC: low accumulation, high tolerance). • More or less homogeneous F3 lines with contrasting extreme accumulation phenotypes were selected and phenotyped for tolerance, using the threshold exposure level for chlorosis as a tolerance measure. Zn accumulation and tolerance segregated largely independently, although there was a significant degree of association between low accumulation and high tolerance. • Plants from an F2 family were phenotyped for Zn tolerance and their Zn accumulation rates were compared. The plants with low Zn tolerance exhibited significantly higher Zn accumulation than did the more tolerant plants. • The results suggest that the superior Zn tolerance in LC plants compared with LE plants results from a superior plant-internal Zn sequestration capacity and, although to a lower degree, a reduced rate of Zn accumulation. It is argued that the relatively low Zn accumulation capacity levels found in LC and several other calamine T. caerulescens populations might represent an adaptive response to Zn-toxic soil.
Francisco Gomezcoronado - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Zinc Zn concentration of bread wheat grown under mediterranean conditions as affected by genotype and soil foliar Zn application
Plant and Soil, 2016Co-Authors: Francisco Gomezcoronado, M J Poblaciones, Ana S Almeida, Ismail CakmakAbstract:Background and aims The combination of plant breeding and agronomic biofortification is the most reasonable approach to minimize Zinc (Zn) deficiency-related problems in humans, but also in crop production. However, its efficiency and suitability under Mediterranean conditions and its effects on the grain yield and quality parameters are not well known.
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Zinc Zn concentration of bread wheat grown under mediterranean conditions as affected by genotype and soil foliar Zn application
Plant and Soil, 2016Co-Authors: Francisco Gomezcoronado, M J Poblaciones, Ana S Almeida, Ismail CakmakAbstract:The combination of plant breeding and agronomic biofortification is the most reasonable approach to minimize Zinc (Zn) deficiency-related problems in humans, but also in crop production. However, its efficiency and suitability under Mediterranean conditions and its effects on the grain yield and quality parameters are not well known. Field experiments were conducted over two years in south-eastern Portugal, where soils are deficient in Zn. Ten advanced breeding lines and three commercial varieties of bread-making wheat were fertilized with four Zn treatments as following: i) control, ii) soil Zn application, iii) foliar Zn application and iv) both soil and foliar Zn application. Low rainfall produced 46 % more of grain Zn concentration but about 67 % less of grain yield. Grain Zn concentration varied greatly across treatments and cultivars with INIAV-1, INIAV-6, INIAV-9 and the commercial varieties being the most efficient. There were no significant increases in Zn concentrations due to soil Zn application, but gains higher than 20 mg kg−1 were obtained both with foliar and soil+foliar Zn applications. Grain yield was not significantly higher in foliar application, but increased to about 10 % in soil, and about 7 % in soil+foliar applications, respectively. In soils with low Zn availability, the best strategy to improve grain Zn concentrations has been to select the most efficient cultivars for Zn accumulation with the added application of Zn in soil+foliar form.
Ana S Almeida - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Zinc Zn concentration of bread wheat grown under mediterranean conditions as affected by genotype and soil foliar Zn application
Plant and Soil, 2016Co-Authors: Francisco Gomezcoronado, M J Poblaciones, Ana S Almeida, Ismail CakmakAbstract:Background and aims The combination of plant breeding and agronomic biofortification is the most reasonable approach to minimize Zinc (Zn) deficiency-related problems in humans, but also in crop production. However, its efficiency and suitability under Mediterranean conditions and its effects on the grain yield and quality parameters are not well known.
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Zinc Zn concentration of bread wheat grown under mediterranean conditions as affected by genotype and soil foliar Zn application
Plant and Soil, 2016Co-Authors: Francisco Gomezcoronado, M J Poblaciones, Ana S Almeida, Ismail CakmakAbstract:The combination of plant breeding and agronomic biofortification is the most reasonable approach to minimize Zinc (Zn) deficiency-related problems in humans, but also in crop production. However, its efficiency and suitability under Mediterranean conditions and its effects on the grain yield and quality parameters are not well known. Field experiments were conducted over two years in south-eastern Portugal, where soils are deficient in Zn. Ten advanced breeding lines and three commercial varieties of bread-making wheat were fertilized with four Zn treatments as following: i) control, ii) soil Zn application, iii) foliar Zn application and iv) both soil and foliar Zn application. Low rainfall produced 46 % more of grain Zn concentration but about 67 % less of grain yield. Grain Zn concentration varied greatly across treatments and cultivars with INIAV-1, INIAV-6, INIAV-9 and the commercial varieties being the most efficient. There were no significant increases in Zn concentrations due to soil Zn application, but gains higher than 20 mg kg−1 were obtained both with foliar and soil+foliar Zn applications. Grain yield was not significantly higher in foliar application, but increased to about 10 % in soil, and about 7 % in soil+foliar applications, respectively. In soils with low Zn availability, the best strategy to improve grain Zn concentrations has been to select the most efficient cultivars for Zn accumulation with the added application of Zn in soil+foliar form.
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Zinc (Zn) concentration of bread wheat grown under Mediterranean conditions as affected by genotype and soil/foliar Zn application
Plant and Soil, 2015Co-Authors: Francisco Gomez-coronado, M J Poblaciones, Ana S Almeida, Ismail CakmakAbstract:Background and aims The combination of plant breeding and agronomic biofortification is the most reasonable approach to minimize Zinc (Zn) deficiency-related problems in humans, but also in crop production. However, its efficiency and suitability under Mediterranean conditions and its effects on the grain yield and quality parameters are not well known. \ud \ud Methods Field experiments were conducted over two years in south-eastern Portugal, where soils are deficient in Zn. Ten advanced breeding lines and three commercial varieties of bread-making wheat were fertilized with four Zn treatments as following: i) control, ii) soil Zn application, iii) foliar Zn application and iv) both soil and foliar Zn application. \ud \ud Results Low rainfall produced 46 % more of grain Zn concentration but about 67 % less of grain yield. Grain Zn concentration varied greatly across treatments and cultivars with INIAV-1, INIAV-6, INIAV-9 and the commercial varieties being the most efficient. There were no significant increases in Zn concentrations due to soil Zn application, but gains higher than 20 mg kg(-1) were obtained both with foliar and soil+foliar Zn applications. Grain yield was not significantly higher in foliar application, but increased to about 10 % in soil, and about 7 % in soil+foliar applications, respectively. \ud \ud Conclusions In soils with low Zn availability, the best strategy to improve grain Zn concentrations has been to select the most efficient cultivars for Zn accumulation with the added application of Zn in soil+foliar form
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Zinc (Zn) concentration of bread wheat grown under Mediterranean conditions as affected by genotype and soil/foliar Zn application
Plant and Soil, 2015Co-Authors: Francisco Gomez-coronado, M J Poblaciones, Ana S Almeida, Ismail CakmakAbstract:The combination of plant breeding and agronomic biofortification is the most reasonable approach to minimize Zinc (Zn) deficiency-related problems in humans, but also in crop production. However, its efficiency and suitability under Mediterranean conditions and its effects on the grain yield and quality parameters are not well known. Field experiments were conducted over two years in south-eastern Portugal, where soils are deficient in Zn. Ten advanced breeding lines and three commercial varieties of bread-making wheat were fertilized with four Zn treatments as following: i) control, ii) soil Zn application, iii) foliar Zn application and iv) both soil and foliar Zn application. Low rainfall produced 46 % more of grain Zn concentration but about 67 % less of grain yield. Grain Zn concentration varied greatly across treatments and cultivars with INIAV-1, INIAV-6, INIAV-9 and the commercial varieties being the most efficient. There were no significant increases in Zn concentrations due to soil Zn application, but gains higher than 20 mg kg−1 were obtained both with foliar and soil+foliar Zn applications. Grain yield was not significantly higher in foliar application, but increased to about 10 % in soil, and about 7 % in soil+foliar applications, respectively. In soils with low Zn availability, the best strategy to improve grain Zn concentrations has been to select the most efficient cultivars for Zn accumulation with the added application of Zn in soil+foliar form.
