2 Chlorophenol

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Brid Quilty - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The Influence of Glucose and Fructose on the Degradation of 2-Chlorophenol by Pseudomonas putida CP1
    World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology, 2005
    Co-Authors: Anm Fakhruddin, Brid Quilty
    Abstract:

    Pseudomonas putida CP1 grew on 2-Chlorophenol when supplied as the sole source of carbon. Chlorophenol degradation was stimulated in the presence of low concentrations of glucose (0.05–1%, w/v). Substrate removal was inhibited and there was a significant fall in pH with concentrations of glucose greater than 1.0% (w/v). When the pH was controlled at pH 7.0 inhibition of substrate removal was alleviated. The rate of removal of 2-Chlorophenol was greater in the presence of fructose than in the presence of glucose. P. putida CP1 formed clumps of cells when grown on 2-Chlorophenol and fructose but not on glucose. When the organism was grown on a combination of 2-Chlorophenol and an additional carbon source clumping was present but to a lesser degree.

  • The enhancement of 2-Chlorophenol degradation by a mixed microbial community when augmented with Pseudomonas putida CP1.
    Water research, 2002
    Co-Authors: Alan Farrell, Brid Quilty
    Abstract:

    The effect of the introduction of Pseudomonas putida CP1 to a commercial mixed microbial community for the degradation of 1.56 mM 2-Chlorophenol was investigated. Degradation of 2-Chlorophenol by the commercial mixture was via a meta-cleavage pathway leading to incomplete degradation, while P. putida CP1 was shown to be capable of the complete degradation of 2-Chlorophenol via an ortho-cleavage pathway. Augmentation of the commercial mixed culture with P. putida CP1 resulted in complete degradation of 2-Chlorophenol via an ortho-cleavage pathway. The augmented mixed culture displayed increased degradative capabilities, with times of degradation reduced when compared to those achieved by P. putida CP1 in isolation. The ability of P. putida CP1 to degrade 2-Chlorophenol was increased with the addition of increasing concentrations of the mixed culture. Increasing the mixed culture inoculum size added to P. putida CP1 decreased lag periods and increased rates of degradation, resulting in decreased times of degradation.

A. Chianese - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Fe_3O_4/SiO_2/TiO_2 nanoparticles for photocatalytic degradation of 2-Chlorophenol in simulated wastewater
    Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2015
    Co-Authors: Jamshaid Rashid, M. A. Barakat, Y. Ruzmanova, A. Chianese
    Abstract:

    Photocatalysis has emerged as an advance and environmental-friendly process for breakdown of organic contaminants in wastewater. This work reports facile synthesis and characterization of stable magnetic core-shell-shell Fe_3O_4/SiO_2/TiO_2 nanoparticles and their effectiveness for photocatalysis. The surface morphology, crystal structure, and chemical properties of the photocatalyst were characterized by using scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and nitrogen physisorption. Stability of synthesized nanoparticles in aqueous medium was tested by leaching test. The photocatalytic degradation of 2-Chlorophenol was investigated and reaction parameters for best catalyst performance were optimized. Catalyst dose of 0.5 g/L under optimized conditions produced complete degradation of 25 mg/L 2-Chlorophenol (2-CP) within 130 min of 100-W ultraviolet (UV) irradiation while 97.2 % degradation of 50 mg/L 2-CP was achieved within 3 h. The rate of photocatalytic degradation was determined by considering pseudo first-order kinetics and Hugul’s kinetic equations. The Hugul’s kinetics was found to provide a better interpretation of the experimental results than the generally adopted pseudo first-order reaction kinetics.

  • fe3o4 sio2 tio2 nanoparticles for photocatalytic degradation of 2 Chlorophenol in simulated wastewater
    Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2015
    Co-Authors: Jamshaid Rashid, M. A. Barakat, Y. Ruzmanova, A. Chianese
    Abstract:

    Photocatalysis has emerged as an advance and environmental-friendly process for breakdown of organic contaminants in wastewater. This work reports facile synthesis and characterization of stable magnetic core-shell-shell Fe3O4/SiO2/TiO2 nanoparticles and their effectiveness for photocatalysis. The surface morphology, crystal structure, and chemical properties of the photocatalyst were characterized by using scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and nitrogen physisorption. Stability of synthesized nanoparticles in aqueous medium was tested by leaching test. The photocatalytic degradation of 2-Chlorophenol was investigated and reaction parameters for best catalyst performance were optimized. Catalyst dose of 0.5 g/L under optimized conditions produced complete degradation of 25 mg/L 2-Chlorophenol (2-CP) within 130 min of 100-W ultraviolet (UV) irradiation while 97.2 % degradation of 50 mg/L 2-CP was achieved within 3 h. The rate of photocatalytic degradation was determined by considering pseudo first-order kinetics and Hugul’s kinetic equations. The Hugul’s kinetics was found to provide a better interpretation of the experimental results than the generally adopted pseudo first-order reaction kinetics.

Misook Kang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • decomposition of 2 Chlorophenol using a tourmaline photocatalytic system
    Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 2008
    Co-Authors: Sun Ho Song, Misook Kang
    Abstract:

    Abstract 10.0 wt.% tourmaline mineral was loaded onto amorphous TiO2 and treated at 100–900 °C to obtain anatase and rutile structures, respectively, and were used for the photodecomposition of 2-Chlorophenol. Tourmaline (10.0 wt.%)/TiO2 (anatase) and pure TiO2 (anatase) adsorbed 2-Chlorophenol at 15 ppm and 8 ppm, respectively. 2-Chlorophenol was completely decomposed after 42 h in 10.0 wt.% tourmaline/TiO2 (anatase), by a first-order rate equation. The decomposition rate increased with increasing catalyst amount and tourmaline concentration to give optimal conditions of 1.0 g/L and 12.5 wt.%, respectively. The decomposition of 2-Chlorophenol was also affected by H2O2 addition and pH regulation. The decomposition rate reached 40.0 ppm/h when 10.0 mL/L of H2O2 was added to the feed solution, and 100 ppm of 2-Chlorophenol was completely removed after 21 h at pH 11.0.

  • Decomposition of 2-Chlorophenol using a tourmaline–photocatalytic system
    Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 2008
    Co-Authors: Sun Ho Song, Misook Kang
    Abstract:

    Abstract 10.0 wt.% tourmaline mineral was loaded onto amorphous TiO2 and treated at 100–900 °C to obtain anatase and rutile structures, respectively, and were used for the photodecomposition of 2-Chlorophenol. Tourmaline (10.0 wt.%)/TiO2 (anatase) and pure TiO2 (anatase) adsorbed 2-Chlorophenol at 15 ppm and 8 ppm, respectively. 2-Chlorophenol was completely decomposed after 42 h in 10.0 wt.% tourmaline/TiO2 (anatase), by a first-order rate equation. The decomposition rate increased with increasing catalyst amount and tourmaline concentration to give optimal conditions of 1.0 g/L and 12.5 wt.%, respectively. The decomposition of 2-Chlorophenol was also affected by H2O2 addition and pH regulation. The decomposition rate reached 40.0 ppm/h when 10.0 mL/L of H2O2 was added to the feed solution, and 100 ppm of 2-Chlorophenol was completely removed after 21 h at pH 11.0.

Barry Dellinger - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • FTIR Investigation of 2-Chlorophenol Chemisorption on a Silica Surface from 200 to 500 °C
    The journal of physical chemistry. A, 2005
    Co-Authors: Steven L. Alderman, Barry Dellinger
    Abstract:

    The time-dependent chemisorption of 2-Chlorophenol on a fumed silica surface was studied in situ from 200 to 500 °C using a temperature-controlled dosing cell and FTIR absorption spectroscopy. 2-Chlorophenol was found to chemisorb at isolated and geminal surface hydroxyl sites. 2-Chlorophenol chemisorption and subsequent surface oxidation resulted in a mixture of Chlorophenolate and partial oxidation products, such as formates and acetates. The rates of chemisorption were measured, and the activation energy of adsorption was found to be 15 ± 4 kJ mol-1 for a fast, initial reaction and 22 ± 2 kJ mol-1 for a slower reaction at higher surface coverage. This work was motivated by the observation that combustion-generated fly ash mediates the formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/F) at temperatures between 250 and 450 °C. Although transition metals such as copper are known to catalyze or mediate this reaction, silica is the major component of fly ash and chemisorption at higher...

  • Reaction of 2-Chlorophenol with CuO: XANES and SEM analysis
    Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2005
    Co-Authors: Steven L. Alderman, George R. Farquar, Erwin D. Poliakoff, Barry Dellinger
    Abstract:

    Abstract It is well documented that the presence of copper in combustion-generated fly-ash accelerates the formation of polychlorinated dibenzo- p -dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/F) from molecular precursors in the post-combustion region. We have studied the thermal reaction of 2-Chlorophenol with a CuO/SiO 2 substrate using X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. CuO/SiO 2 serves as a simple fly-ash surrogate, and 2-Chlorophenol is a known PCDD/F precursor. We compare the rate of reduction of Cu(II) in two CuO samples during exposure to 2-Chlorophenol at 375 °C. One CuO sample had not previously been exposed to 2-Chlorophenol. The second sample had been pre-treated by reducing it to completion through exposure to 2-Chlorophenol at 375 °C and then re-oxidizing it back to Cu(II). In each case, the substrate is found to form a mixture of Cu(II), Cu(I), and Cu(0). We show that reduction is a faster process in the redox-cycled sample than for the uncycled sample. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is used to examine the morphology of the copper particles at various stages during the course of reaction. This provides insight into how the substrate history affects reactivity. XANES is also used to explore the temperature dependence of the Cu(II) reduction kinetics from 275 to 375 °C. The work presented here supports the contention that redox reactions of copper promote the formation of chlorinated phenoxyl radicals, which are likely intermediates in PCDD/F formation, and provides new insights into how the rate of the reaction is dependent upon the history of the fly-ash particles.

  • Formation of PCDD/F from the pyrolysis of 2-Chlorophenol on the surface of dispersed copper oxide particles
    Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2002
    Co-Authors: S. Lomnicki, Barry Dellinger
    Abstract:

    The formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) from 2-Chlorophenol on supported copper oxide catalyst was studied over the temperature range 200-500 °C and a contact time of 0.17-0.5 s under pyrolytic conditions. It was found that despite the pyrolytic conditions, the majority of 2-Chlorophenol undergoes oxidation to CO and CO2. Approximately 0.5% of 2-Chlorophenol was converted to PCDD/F. The results are consistent with a Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism for PCDF formation and an Eley-Rideal mechanism of formation of PCDD. Only one PCDF isomer was observed, 4,6-dichlorodibenzofuran, while substantial concentrations of highly chlorinated PCDD were detected. This observation can be explained by a mechanism of formation involving a surface-bound PCDD intermediate that can be further chlorinated. PCDFs are desorbed upon formation and are consequently not chlorinated.

Kuen-chyr Lee - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Ultrasonic destruction of 2-Chlorophenol in aqueous solution
    Water Research, 1997
    Co-Authors: Kuo-yi Chen, Kuen-chyr Lee
    Abstract:

    The decomposition of 2-Chlorophenol in aqueous solution by ultrasonic waves was studied under various process variables including solution pH level, dissolved oxygen value and solution temperature to investigate the temporal behavior of this reaction. The phases of reaction, gaseous in the cavitation bubble and aqueous in the film, are found to be determined by the solution pH. The presence of dissolved oxygen in aqueous solution plays a major role on the mechanisms involved, pyrolysis or free radical attack, for the decomposition of 2-Chlorophenol by sonolysis. The decomposition rate of 2-Chlorophenol was found to be slightly reduced at higher solution temperature. A two-phase reaction scheme was proposed to explain the effect of process variables on the 2-Chlorophenol decomposition by sonication.

  • Decomposition of 2-Chlorophenol in aqueous solution by UV irradiation with the presence of titanium dioxide
    Water Research, 1996
    Co-Authors: Ren-ming Leu, Kuen-chyr Lee
    Abstract:

    Abstract The decomposition of 2-Chlorophenol in aqueous solution by UV TiO 2 oxidation process was studied under various solution pH values, light intensities and types of TiO2. The removal of 2-Chlorophenol and organic intermediates was found to be more effective for acidic solutions. The decomposition of 2-Chlorophenol can be fitted well by a pseudo first-order kinetics. Experimental results indicated that the distribution of non-chlorinated and chlorinated intermediates on the photocatalytic decomposition rate of 2-Chlorophenol were highly dependent on solution pH. At the same light intensity, the adequate dosage of TiO2 was found to be less for alkaline solutions than that for acidic solutions. Increasing the light intensity would significantly increase the decomposition rate of 2-Chlorophenol at pH 3, but not at pH 11. Both rutile and anatase forms of TiO2 were used in this study. The destruction rate of 2-Chlorophenol of unit weight of rutile was less than that of anatase. However, the decomposition rates of 2-Chlorophenol of unit surface area for both were almost the same in this research. Thus, the difference of the decomposition rates of 2-Chlorophenol might be attributed to the difference of the surface area of various forms of TiO2, not to the difference of the crystal properties.