Abortifacients

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Eric R. Burrough - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Investigation of an emergent, tetracycline-resistant, abortifacient Campylobacter jejuni clone in a pregnant guinea pig model
    2011
    Co-Authors: Eric R. Burrough
    Abstract:

    Objective—To compare pathogenicity of an emergent abortifacient Campylobacter jejuni (IA3902) with reference strains after oral inoculation in pregnant guinea pigs. Animals—58 pregnant guinea pigs. Procedures—Twelve animals were challenged IP with Campylobacter jejuni IA3902 along with 5 sham-inoculated controls to confirm abortifacient potential. Once pathogenicity was confirmed, challenge via oral inoculation was performed whereby 12

  • Pathogenicity of an emergent, ovine abortifacient Campylobacter jejuni clone orally inoculated into pregnant guinea pigs
    American Journal of Veterinary Research, 2009
    Co-Authors: Eric R. Burrough, Orhan Sahin, Paul J. Plummer, Qijing Zhang, Michael J. Yaeger
    Abstract:

    Objective—To compare pathogenicity of an emergent abortifacient Campylobacter jejuni (IA 3902) with that of reference strains after oral inoculation in pregnant guinea pigs. Animals—58 pregnant guinea pigs. Procedures—12 animals were challenged IP with C jejuni IA 3902 along with 5 sham-inoculated control animals to confirm abortifacient potential. Once pathogenicity was confirmed, challenge via oral inoculation was performed whereby 12 guinea pigs received IA 3902, 12 received C jejuni isolated from ovine feces (OF48), 12 received a fully sequenced human C jejuni isolate (NCTC 11168), and 5 were sham-inoculated control animals. After abortions, guinea pigs were euthanized; samples were collected for microbial culture, histologic examination, and immunohistochemical analysis. Results—C jejuni IA 3902 induced abortion in all 12 animals following IP inoculation and 6 of 10 animals challenged orally. All 3 isolates colonized the intestines after oral inoculation, but only IA 3902 induced abortion. Evidence o...

Kevin A Onyia - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Abortifacient properties of alligator pepper ( Aframomum melegueta ) seeds
    Journal of Pharmacy & Bioresources, 2011
    Co-Authors: Ute Inegbenebor, Kemakolam Amadi, Maureen Ebomoyi, Kevin A Onyia
    Abstract:

    Alligator pepper ( Aframomum melegueta ) is used in the Surinam cuisine to flavour dishes such as vegetables (okra and tomatoes recipes), soups (lentil and chicken) and fish recipes. It has a wide use and the eating does not exclude pregnant women who actually use it to terminate unwanted pregnancy. A large percentage of maternal deaths in Nigeria is related to unsafe abortions. Abortifacient drugs are not generally available in the country which has restrictive abortion laws. To investigate possible abortifacient effect of Aframomum melegueta seeds, three groups of pregnant female Wistar albino rats were used. Group one, served as control, received no alligator pepper. Groups two and three were given aqueous extract of and the granulated alligator pepper respectively. Every group was fed normal rat chow while tap water was allowed ad libitum for the period of gestation. The results showed that the number and mean weight of litters were not significant between control and aqueous recipient groups suggesting that the extract had no deleterious effect on fertility. However group three that received granulated alligator pepper in doses above 4.0mg/kg body weight did not litter. While not advocating abortion the dose if worked out in humans could be utilized in fertility clinics, as a safe abortifacient if the mother’s life is seriously endangered by the pregnancy. Keywords: Abortifacient; Alligator pepper; Aframomum melegueta ; Seeds

C N Ekhator - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Abortifacient Potentials of Zingiberaceae Aframomum Melegueta (Alligator Pepper) in Adult Female Wistar Rats
    2016
    Co-Authors: C N Ekhator, M. I. Ebomoyi
    Abstract:

    This study investigates the abortifacient potential of aqueous seed extract of Alligator pepper (zingiberaceae Aframomum Melegueta ) in pregnant rats. In a bid to achieve this objective, seven female rats were paired with seven male rats of proven fertility from an initial pilot study. After pregnancy was achieved, the males were removed and female rats 1 – 5 served as the experimental group while female rats 6 and 7 served as the control group. The experimental group receives 2ml/kg single dose of alligator pepper extracts intra-peritoneal at the 4 th day while the control was given 2ml/kg distill water orally. Thereafter, the weights of the animals were monitored for the next 17 days. The group fed aqueous seed extract of Alligator pepper showed weight loss in the 2 nd trimester (206.40±36.77g) compared to weight in the 1 st trimester (215.20±41.99g) but then gain weight again in the 3 rd trimester while the control had a progressive weight gain. At the end of pregnancy, while the control produced litters, the experimental rats did not produce any litter. The results of this study showed that aqueous seed extract of Alligator pepper is abortifacient and this was noted in the 2 nd trimester. There is therefore need to communicate the danger pregnant women are exposed to, when this substance is used as an ingredient in food or served during religious rites and cultural practices.

  • Abortifacient Efficacy of Moringa oleifera Leave: An Experimental Study on Adult Female Wistar Rats
    2015
    Co-Authors: C N Ekhator, U C Osifo
    Abstract:

    It is the aim of this study to investigate the abortifacient potential of Moringa oleifera leaves indicated by weight changes on pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats. In a bid to achieved this objective, fifteen adult albino rats (5 males and 10 females) were obtained from the animal holding of Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma. Female rats (M1 – M5) served as the experimental group while female rats (C1 and C5) served as the control group. Each rat in both groups was given 20g of normal rat chow and water ad libitum throughout the experiment. After the confirmation of pregnancy, 3g of M. oileifera was added to 17g of normal rat chow to form the experimental diet for M1 – M5 from the 5 th day to 15 th day. Our results showed progressive body weight gain in the control from the 6 th day to 21 st day. On the other hand, the test group (fed M. oleifera leaves) showed a reduction in body weight after mating to about the 7 th day and started gaining weight from the 8 th day to the end of the 3 rd trimester. At the end of the 23 rd day, only the control produces litters while the test did not produced any litter. This finding revealed that M. oleifera leaves may be abortifacient and it abortifacient potential occur in the 1 st trimester of pregnancy.

Bryan L. Stegelmeier - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Implication of agathic acid from Utah juniper bark as an abortifacient compound in cattle
    Journal of Applied Toxicology, 2009
    Co-Authors: Dale R. Gardner, Kip E. Panter, Bryan L. Stegelmeier
    Abstract:

    Freshly ground Utah juniper (Juniperus osteosperma (Torr.) Little) bark was given via gavage at a dosage of 2.3 kg per cow twice daily to three pregnant cows starting on day 255 of gestation. All three cows aborted the calves after 4, 5 and 6 days of treatment. A fourth cow was dosed with Utah juniper needles and this cow calved early on day 268 of gestation with complications consistent with pine needle abortion. Chemical analysis of Juniperus osteosperma bark identifi ed the major diterpene acid as the labdane acid known as agathic acid. Agathic acid was measured in the bark at a concentration of 1.5% (dry weight basis). Analysis of sera samples obtained from treated cows found detectable quantities of agathic acid, dihydro- agathic acid and tetrahydroagathic acid, which are known serum metabolites of the abortifacient compound isocupressic acid. Based on the high incidence of induced abortion and detection of known metabolites in aff ected animals, the labdane acid known as agathic acid is considered to be an abortifacient compound in late-term pregnant cattle. Published in 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  • ABORTIFACIENT EFFECTS OF LODGEPOLE PINE (PINUS CONTORTA) AND COMMON JUNIPER (JUNIPERUS COMMUNIS) ON CATTLE
    Veterinary and Human Toxicology, 1998
    Co-Authors: Dale R. Gardner, Kip E. Panter, Lynn F. James, Bryan L. Stegelmeier
    Abstract:

    Lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) and common juniper (Juniperus communis) contain high levels of isocupressic acid that has been identified as the abortifacient component of ponderosa pine needles in cattle. Therefore, the abortifacient potential of P contorta and J communis needles was tested in feeding trials with pregnant cattle. Cows (2 groups of 2 each) were fed by gavage 4.5-5.5 kg/d ground dry needles from either P contorta or J communis starting on gestation day 250. Isocupressic acid (ICA) levels in P contorta needles and J communis plant material were 0.8 and 2.0% (dry weight) respectively. Cows fed P contorta received a daily dose of 62-78 mg ICA/kg body weight and aborted after 8 and 10 d. The 2 cows fed J communis received a daily dose of 190 and 245 mg ICA/kg body weight and aborted after 3 and 4 days respectively. All cows retained fetal membranes and had classical clinical signs of pine needle-induced abortion. Pinus ponderosa, P contorta, J communis, and Cupressus macrocarpa samples were also analyzed for the presence of myristate and laurate esters of 1,14-tetradecanediol and 1,12-dodecanediol. These lipid like compounds of P ponderosa have potent vasoconstrictive activity in a placentome perfusion assay and are proposed as possible Abortifacients in cattle. Concentration of the vasoactive lipids were 0.028% (P ponderosa), 0.023% (P contorta), 0.001% (J communis), and none detected (C macrocarpa). It was concluded that these compounds are not required for the plant material to be abortifacient in cattle.

  • The Toxic and Abortifacient Effects of Ponderosa Pine
    Veterinary Pathology, 1996
    Co-Authors: Bryan L. Stegelmeier, Dale R. Gardner, Kip E. Panter, Lynn F. James, Russell J. Molyneux
    Abstract:

    Ponderosa pine needles cause abortion and a poorly described toxicosis when eaten by cattle. In previous trials, the abortifacient compound of pine needles was identified as isocupressic acid. At abortifacient doses, isocupressic acid caused no other toxicosis. However, other pine needle fractions, similar in composition to several commercially available rosin products, caused no abortion but were very toxic. The purpose of this study was to describe the toxicoses of ponderosa pine, compare its toxicity with other rosin and related pine products, and identify the toxin. Four groups of three pregnant beef cows each were treated with either ponderosa pine tips, rosin gum, dehydroabietic acid, or ground alfalfa. The cows treated with pine tips aborted, had retained placentas with endometritis, and developed both renal and neurologic lesions. The cattle treated with rosin gum or dehydroabietic acid did not abort but developed similar signs and lesions of intoxication. Clinical signs of intoxication included anorexia, mild rumen acidosis, dyspnea, paresis progressing to paralysis, and death. Clinical biochemical results, suggestive of renal, hepatic, and muscular disease, included azotemia, hypercreatinemia, hyperphosphatemia, proteinuria, and marked elevations of various serum enzymes. Histologically, all poisoned animals had nephrosis, vacuolation of basal ganglia neuropil with patchy perivascular and myelinic edema, and skeletal myonecrosis. The alfalfa-treated controls were normal. These findings suggest that ponderosa pine needles and tips are both abortifacient and toxic. Because the lesions caused by pine tips, rosin gum, and dehydroabietic acid are similar, toxicosis is most likely due to the diterpene abietane acids, common in all three,

  • Abortifacient Activity in Beef Cattle of Acetyl- and Succinylisocupressic Acid from Ponderosa Pine
    Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 1996
    Co-Authors: Dale R. Gardner, Kip E. Panter, Lynn F. James, Russell J. Molyneux, Bryan L. Stegelmeier
    Abstract:

    Acetyl- and succinylisocupressic acids were prepared by derivatization of isocupressic acid isolated from ponderosa pine. The isocupressic acid derivatives were tested and found to induce abortions in late gestation cows after oral dosage starting on day 250 of gestation. Incubation of acetyl- and succinylisocupressic acid in bovine ruminal fluid resulted in hydrolysis of the two esters and the production of isocupressic acid. The abortifacient activity of the isocupressic acid derivatives was thus attributed to their ruminal conversion and production of isocupressic acid. Keywords: Pinus ponderosa; premature partuition; bovine abortion; ruminal ester hydrolysis

M. I. Ebomoyi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Abortifacient Potentials of Zingiberaceae Aframomum Melegueta (Alligator Pepper) in Adult Female Wistar Rats
    2016
    Co-Authors: C N Ekhator, M. I. Ebomoyi
    Abstract:

    This study investigates the abortifacient potential of aqueous seed extract of Alligator pepper (zingiberaceae Aframomum Melegueta ) in pregnant rats. In a bid to achieve this objective, seven female rats were paired with seven male rats of proven fertility from an initial pilot study. After pregnancy was achieved, the males were removed and female rats 1 – 5 served as the experimental group while female rats 6 and 7 served as the control group. The experimental group receives 2ml/kg single dose of alligator pepper extracts intra-peritoneal at the 4 th day while the control was given 2ml/kg distill water orally. Thereafter, the weights of the animals were monitored for the next 17 days. The group fed aqueous seed extract of Alligator pepper showed weight loss in the 2 nd trimester (206.40±36.77g) compared to weight in the 1 st trimester (215.20±41.99g) but then gain weight again in the 3 rd trimester while the control had a progressive weight gain. At the end of pregnancy, while the control produced litters, the experimental rats did not produce any litter. The results of this study showed that aqueous seed extract of Alligator pepper is abortifacient and this was noted in the 2 nd trimester. There is therefore need to communicate the danger pregnant women are exposed to, when this substance is used as an ingredient in food or served during religious rites and cultural practices.