Accidental Poisoning

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Vilhjalmur Rafnsson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Accidental Poisoning intentional self harm and event of undetermined intent mortality over 20 years in iceland a population based cohort study
    BMJ Open, 2020
    Co-Authors: Oddny S Gunnarsdottir, Vilhjalmur Rafnsson
    Abstract:

    OBJECTIVES The aim was to study mortality due to suicide, Accidental Poisoning, event of undetermined intent and drug-related deaths through 20 years in Iceland. DESIGN A population-based register study. PARTICIPANTS Individuals who died due to road traffic injury, suicide, Accidental Poisoning, event of undetermined intent and drug-related deaths in the population of Iceland during the years 1996-2015. Annual age-standardised rates were calculated, and the trend analysed by Pearson correlation and joinpoint regression. SETTING The population of Iceland framed the study material, and the data were obtained from nationwide registries for information on number of deaths and age-specific mean population in each year by gender. RESULTS The crude overall suicide rate during the last 10 years was 12.2 per 100 000 persons per year (95% CI 7.4 to 18.1), while the crude overall rate due to road traffic injuries was 4.6 per 100 000 persons per year (95% CI 2.0 to 8.3). Among men, suicide rates decreased, however not significantly (r(19)=-0.22, p=0.36), and for overdose by narcotics the rates increased significantly (r(19)=0.72, p<0.001) during the study period. Among women, the suicide rates increased, however not significantly (r(19)=0.35, p=0.13), for Accidental Poisoning, suicide and event of undetermined intent combined the rates increased significantly (r(19)=0.60, p=0.006); and the rates for overdose by sedative and overdose by narcotics both increased significantly r(19)=0.49, p=0.03, and r(19)=0.67, p=0.001, respectively. CONCLUSION The suicide rates have not changed during 1996 to 2015; however, the rates for the combined Accidental Poisoning, suicide and event of undetermined intent increased significantly for women. The rise of the overdose rates for sedative among women and for narcotics among both genders are consistent with reports elsewhere.

  • Accidental Poisoning, intentional self-harm and event of undetermined intent mortality over 20 years in Iceland: a population-based cohort study.
    BMJ Open, 2020
    Co-Authors: Oddny S Gunnarsdottir, Vilhjalmur Rafnsson
    Abstract:

    OBJECTIVES: The aim was to study mortality due to suicide, Accidental Poisoning, event of undetermined intent and drug-related deaths through 20 years in Iceland. DESIGN: A population-based register study. PARTICIPANTS: Individuals who died due to road traffic injury, suicide, Accidental Poisoning, event of undetermined intent and drug-related deaths in the population of Iceland during the years 1996-2015. Annual age-standardised rates were calculated, and the trend analysed by Pearson correlation and joinpoint regression. SETTING: The population of Iceland framed the study material, and the data were obtained from nationwide registries for information on number of deaths and age-specific mean population in each year by gender. RESULTS: The crude overall suicide rate during the last 10 years was 12.2 per 100 000 persons per year (95% CI 7.4 to 18.1), while the crude overall rate due to road traffic injuries was 4.6 per 100 000 persons per year (95% CI 2.0 to 8.3). Among men, suicide rates decreased, however not significantly (r(19)=-0.22, p=0.36), and for overdose by narcotics the rates increased significantly (r(19)=0.72, p

Oddny S Gunnarsdottir - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Accidental Poisoning intentional self harm and event of undetermined intent mortality over 20 years in iceland a population based cohort study
    BMJ Open, 2020
    Co-Authors: Oddny S Gunnarsdottir, Vilhjalmur Rafnsson
    Abstract:

    OBJECTIVES The aim was to study mortality due to suicide, Accidental Poisoning, event of undetermined intent and drug-related deaths through 20 years in Iceland. DESIGN A population-based register study. PARTICIPANTS Individuals who died due to road traffic injury, suicide, Accidental Poisoning, event of undetermined intent and drug-related deaths in the population of Iceland during the years 1996-2015. Annual age-standardised rates were calculated, and the trend analysed by Pearson correlation and joinpoint regression. SETTING The population of Iceland framed the study material, and the data were obtained from nationwide registries for information on number of deaths and age-specific mean population in each year by gender. RESULTS The crude overall suicide rate during the last 10 years was 12.2 per 100 000 persons per year (95% CI 7.4 to 18.1), while the crude overall rate due to road traffic injuries was 4.6 per 100 000 persons per year (95% CI 2.0 to 8.3). Among men, suicide rates decreased, however not significantly (r(19)=-0.22, p=0.36), and for overdose by narcotics the rates increased significantly (r(19)=0.72, p<0.001) during the study period. Among women, the suicide rates increased, however not significantly (r(19)=0.35, p=0.13), for Accidental Poisoning, suicide and event of undetermined intent combined the rates increased significantly (r(19)=0.60, p=0.006); and the rates for overdose by sedative and overdose by narcotics both increased significantly r(19)=0.49, p=0.03, and r(19)=0.67, p=0.001, respectively. CONCLUSION The suicide rates have not changed during 1996 to 2015; however, the rates for the combined Accidental Poisoning, suicide and event of undetermined intent increased significantly for women. The rise of the overdose rates for sedative among women and for narcotics among both genders are consistent with reports elsewhere.

  • Accidental Poisoning, intentional self-harm and event of undetermined intent mortality over 20 years in Iceland: a population-based cohort study.
    BMJ Open, 2020
    Co-Authors: Oddny S Gunnarsdottir, Vilhjalmur Rafnsson
    Abstract:

    OBJECTIVES: The aim was to study mortality due to suicide, Accidental Poisoning, event of undetermined intent and drug-related deaths through 20 years in Iceland. DESIGN: A population-based register study. PARTICIPANTS: Individuals who died due to road traffic injury, suicide, Accidental Poisoning, event of undetermined intent and drug-related deaths in the population of Iceland during the years 1996-2015. Annual age-standardised rates were calculated, and the trend analysed by Pearson correlation and joinpoint regression. SETTING: The population of Iceland framed the study material, and the data were obtained from nationwide registries for information on number of deaths and age-specific mean population in each year by gender. RESULTS: The crude overall suicide rate during the last 10 years was 12.2 per 100 000 persons per year (95% CI 7.4 to 18.1), while the crude overall rate due to road traffic injuries was 4.6 per 100 000 persons per year (95% CI 2.0 to 8.3). Among men, suicide rates decreased, however not significantly (r(19)=-0.22, p=0.36), and for overdose by narcotics the rates increased significantly (r(19)=0.72, p

Jonathan Richard Sibert - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Procedures, placement, and risks of further abuse after Munchausen syndrome by proxy, non-Accidental Poisoning, and non-Accidental suffocation.
    Archives of Disease in Childhood, 1998
    Co-Authors: P. M. Davis, R J Mcclure, N. Chessman, Scott Pearson, Kim Rolfe, Jonathan Richard Sibert, Richard Meadow
    Abstract:

    OBJECTIVES—To investigate outcome, management, and prevention in Munchausen syndrome by proxy, non-Accidental Poisoning, and non-Accidental suffocation. DESIGN—Ascertainment through British Paediatric Surveillance Unit and questionnaires to responding paediatricians. SETTING—The UK and Republic of Ireland, September 1992 to August 1994. SUBJECTS—Children under 14 years diagnosed with the above. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES—Placement and child protection measures for victims and siblings; morbidity and reabuse rates for victims; abuse of siblings; prosecution of perpetrators. RESULTS—Outcome data for 119 with median follow up of 24 months (range 12 to 44 months). No previously diagnosed factitious disease was found to have been caused by genuine disease. Forty six children were allowed home without conditions at follow up. Children who had suffered from suffocation, non-Accidental Poisoning, direct harm, and those under 5 years were less likely to go home. Twenty seven (24%) children still had symptoms or signs as a result of the abuse at follow up; 108/120 were originally on a child protection register and 35/111 at follow up. Twenty nine per cent (34/118) of the perpetrators had been prosecuted and most convicted; 17% of the milder cases of Munchausen syndrome by proxy allowed home were reabused. Evidence in siblings suggests that in 50% of families with a suffocated child and 40% with non-Accidental Poisoning there would be further abuse, some fatal. CONCLUSIONS—This type of abuse is severe with high mortality, morbidity, family disruption, reabuse, and harm to siblings. A very cautious approach for child protection with reintroduction to home only if circumstances are especially favourable is advised. Paediatric follow up by an expert in child protection should also occur.

  • epidemiology of munchausen syndrome by proxy non Accidental Poisoning and non Accidental suffocation
    Archives of Disease in Childhood, 1996
    Co-Authors: R J Mcclure, P. M. Davis, S. R. Meadow, Jonathan Richard Sibert
    Abstract:

    A two year prospective study was performed to determine the epidemiology of Munchausen syndrome by proxy, non-Accidental Poisoning, and non-Accidental suffocation in the UK and the Republic of Ireland. Cases were notified to the British Paediatric Association Surveillance Unit from September 1992 to August 1994 if a formal case conference had been held for the first time during that period to discuss any of the above conditions. A total of 128 cases were identified: 55 suffered Munchausen syndrome by proxy alone, 15 Poisoning, and 15 suffocation; 43 suffered more than one type of abuse. The majority of children were aged under 5 years, the median age being 20 months. On 85% of occasions the perpetrator was the child's mother. In 42% of families with more than one child, a sibling had previously suffered some form of abuse. Eighty five per cent of notifying paediatricians considered the probability of their diagnosis as virtually certain before a case conference was convened. The commonest drugs used to poison were anticonvulsants; opiates were the second commonest. Sixty eight children suffered severe illness of whom eight died. The combined annual incidence of these conditions in children aged under 16 years is at least 0.5/100,000, and for children aged under 1, at least 2.8/100,000.

  • bittering agents in the prevention of Accidental Poisoning children s reactions to denatonium benzoate bitrex
    Emergency Medicine Journal, 1991
    Co-Authors: Jonathan Richard Sibert, N Frude
    Abstract:

    The responses of young children to Denatonium Benzoate (Bitrex) were observed, in order to assess the potential of this bittering agent in the prevention of Accidental Poisoning. Thirty-three children aged 17-36 months were offered orange juice containing Bitrex (in a concentration of 10 parts per million). Of the 30 children who took some of this juice, only seven were willing to take more than 10 gm. A variety of negative verbal and non-verbal responses were noted. It is suggested that the highly unpalatable nature of Bitrex makes this compound a useful additive that could well prevent Accidental Poisoning from household products of mild to moderate toxicity.

Shinichi Sato - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • increased levels of urinary nitrite and nitrotyrosine in yusho victims 40 years after Accidental Poisoning with polychlorinated biphenyls in nagasaki japan
    Journal of Applied Toxicology, 2008
    Co-Authors: Kazuhiro Shimizu, Fumihide Ogawa, Jens J Thiele, Shinichi Sato
    Abstract:

    Forty years have passed since the Accidental Poisoning with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) in Japan in 1968, named Yusho. High concentrations of PCB are still detected in the serum of the Yusho victims. PCB produces superoxide (O2−) in the metabolic process and we reported high concentrations of serum nitrite, a stable metabolite reflecting nitric oxide (NO), in the Yusho victims. NO reacts with O2− and immediately produces peroxynitrite (ONOO−). ONOO− causes nitration of tyrosine residues and produces nitrotyrosine (NT). Therefore, we measured urinary concentrations of nitrite and NT in the victims and age-matched controls. The mean urinary concentrations of nitrite and NT were significantly higher than in the controls. There was a positive correlation between urinary nitrite and NT in the Yusho victims. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between the ratio of urinary NT to nitrite and serum PCB concentrations in the Yusho victims. It was considered that the emergence of some ailments could be presumed to have been caused by high levels of urinary nitrite and NT in the Yusho victims. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  • lipid peroxidation is enhanced in yusho victims 35 years after Accidental Poisoning with polychlorinated biphenyls in nagasaki japan
    Journal of Applied Toxicology, 2007
    Co-Authors: Kazuhiro Shimizu, Fumihide Ogawa, Jens J Thiele, Shinichi Sato
    Abstract:

    Thirty-five years have passed since the Accidental Poisoning with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) in Japan and yet high concentrations of PCB are still detected in the serum of the victims. PCB produces superoxide and thus victims are considered to be in a persistent state of oxidative stress. Urinary concentrations of 8-isoprostane (8IP) in the victims and age-matched controls were measured to assess this hypothesis. The mean urinary concentration of 8IP was significantly higher than that in the controls. There was a positive correlation between urinary 8IP and serum concentrations of cholinesterase. It was considered that Yusho is an oxidative stress and 8IP is a useful tool for checking the oxidative condition in Yusho victims. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Ann Marie Harris - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Detecting spatiotemporal clusters of Accidental Poisoning mortality among Texas counties, U.S., 1980 – 2001
    International Journal of Health Geographics, 2004
    Co-Authors: Ella T. Nkhoma, Victoria Hunt, Ann Marie Harris
    Abstract:

    Background Accidental Poisoning is one of the leading causes of injury in the United States, second only to motor vehicle accidents. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the rates of Accidental Poisoning mortality have been increasing in the past fourteen years nationally. In Texas, mortality rates from Accidental Poisoning have mirrored national trends, increasing linearly from 1981 to 2001. The purpose of this study was to determine if there are spatiotemporal clusters of Accidental Poisoning mortality among Texas counties, and if so, whether there are variations in clustering and risk according to gender and race/ethnicity. The Spatial Scan Statistic in combination with GIS software was used to identify potential clusters between 1980 and 2001 among Texas counties, and Poisson regression was used to evaluate risk differences.

  • detecting spatiotemporal clusters of Accidental Poisoning mortality among texas counties u s 1980 2001
    International Journal of Health Geographics, 2004
    Co-Authors: Ella T. Nkhoma, Victoria Hunt, Ann Marie Harris
    Abstract:

    Background Accidental Poisoning is one of the leading causes of injury in the United States, second only to motor vehicle accidents. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the rates of Accidental Poisoning mortality have been increasing in the past fourteen years nationally. In Texas, mortality rates from Accidental Poisoning have mirrored national trends, increasing linearly from 1981 to 2001. The purpose of this study was to determine if there are spatiotemporal clusters of Accidental Poisoning mortality among Texas counties, and if so, whether there are variations in clustering and risk according to gender and race/ethnicity. The Spatial Scan Statistic in combination with GIS software was used to identify potential clusters between 1980 and 2001 among Texas counties, and Poisson regression was used to evaluate risk differences.