The Experts below are selected from a list of 12603 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Peter A Chyka - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
position statement single dose Activated Charcoal american academy of clinical toxicology european association of poisons centres and clinical toxicologists
Clinical Toxicology, 1997Co-Authors: Peter A Chyka, D SegerAbstract:In preparing this Position Statement, all relevant scientific literature was identified and reviewed critically by acknowledged experts using agreed criteria. Well-conducted clinical and experimental studies were given precedence over anecdotal case reports and abstracts were not usually considered. A draft Position Statement was then produced and subjected to detailed peer review by an international group of clinical toxicologists chosen by the American Academy of Clinical Toxicology and the European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists. The Position Statement went through multiple drafts before being approved by the boards of the two societies and being endorsed by other societies. The Position Statement includes a summary statement for ease of use and is supported by detailed documentation which describes the scientific evidence on which the Statement is based. Single-dose Activated Charcoal should not be administered routinely in the management of poisoned patients. Based on volunteer studies, the effectiveness of Activated Charcoal decreases with time; the greatest benefit is within 1 hour of ingestion. The administration of Activated Charcoal may be considered if a patient has ingested a potentially toxic amount of a poison (which is known to be adsorbed to Charcoal) up to 1 hour previously; there are insufficient data to support or exclude its use after 1 hour of ingestion. There is no evidence that the administration of Activated Charcoal improves clinical outcome. Unless a patient has an intact or protected airway, the administration of Charcoal is contraindicated.
-
position statement single dose Activated Charcoal american academy of clinical toxicology european association of poisons centres and clinical toxicologists
Clinical Toxicology, 1997Co-Authors: Peter A Chyka, D SegerAbstract:: In preparing this Position Statement, all relevant scientific literature was identified and reviewed critically by acknowledged experts using agreed criteria. Well-conducted clinical and experimental studies were given precedence over anecdotal case reports and abstracts were not usually considered. A draft Position Statement was then produced and subjected to detailed peer review by an international group of clinical toxicologists chosen by the American Academy of Clinical Toxicology and the European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists. The Position Statement went through multiple drafts before being approved by the boards of the two societies and being endorsed by other societies. The Position Statement includes a summary statement for ease of use and is supported by detailed documentation which describes the scientific evidence on which the Statement is based. Single-dose Activated Charcoal should not be administered routinely in the management of poisoned patients. Based on volunteer studies, the effectiveness of Activated Charcoal decreases with time; the greatest benefit is within 1 hour of ingestion. The administration of Activated Charcoal may be considered if a patient has ingested a potentially toxic amount of a poison (which is known to be adsorbed to Charcoal) up to 1 hour previously; there are insufficient data to support or exclude its use after 1 hour of ingestion. There is no evidence that the administration of Activated Charcoal improves clinical outcome. Unless a patient has an intact or protected airway, the administration of Charcoal is contraindicated.
-
correlation of drug pharmacokinetics and effectiveness of multiple dose Activated Charcoal therapy
Annals of Emergency Medicine, 1995Co-Authors: Peter A Chyka, Joseph E Holley, Timothy D Mandrell, Prasanna SugathanAbstract:Abstract Study objective: To evaluate an animal model of multiple-dose Activated Charcoal (MDAC) therapy and correlate the pharmacokinetic properties of four drugs with the efficacy of MDAC. Design: Prospective, randomized, controlled, crossover design. Setting: A university animal research facility. Participants: Seven female pigs (15 to 22 kg) with an indwelling central venous line and gastrostomy tube. Interventions: Acetaminophen (30 mg/kg), digoxin (30 μg/kg), theophylline (8.9 mg/kg), and valproic acid (18 mg/kg) were simultaneously administered intravenously over 12 minutes. In the experimental arm, 25 g Activated Charcoal was administered at 0, 2, 4, 6, 12, 18, 24, and 30 hours through the gastric tube. In the control arm, an equal volume of water was given at the same times. Blood specimens were obtained over 36 hours to measure serum drug concentrations. Results: Each drug exhibited enhanced elimination ( P P Conclusion: The response of a drug to MDAC may be affected by its intrinsic clearance. The restrictive nature of the protein binding of valproic acid may be responsible for its lack of response. Results with the porcine model are consistent with the effects observed in human beings. [Chyka PA, Holley JE, Mandrell TD, Sugathan P: Correlation of drug pharmacokinetics and effectiveness of multiple-dose Activated Charcoal therapy. Ann Emerg Med March 1995;25:356-362.]
-
multiple dose Activated Charcoal and enhancement of systemic drug clearance summary of studies in animals and human volunteers
Clinical Toxicology, 1995Co-Authors: Peter A ChykaAbstract:(1995). Multiple-Dose Activated Charcoal and Enhancement of Systemic Drug Clearance: Summary of Studies in Animals and Human Volunteers. Journal of Toxicology: Clinical Toxicology: Vol. 33, No. 5, pp. 399-405.
D Seger - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
position statement single dose Activated Charcoal american academy of clinical toxicology european association of poisons centres and clinical toxicologists
Clinical Toxicology, 1997Co-Authors: Peter A Chyka, D SegerAbstract:In preparing this Position Statement, all relevant scientific literature was identified and reviewed critically by acknowledged experts using agreed criteria. Well-conducted clinical and experimental studies were given precedence over anecdotal case reports and abstracts were not usually considered. A draft Position Statement was then produced and subjected to detailed peer review by an international group of clinical toxicologists chosen by the American Academy of Clinical Toxicology and the European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists. The Position Statement went through multiple drafts before being approved by the boards of the two societies and being endorsed by other societies. The Position Statement includes a summary statement for ease of use and is supported by detailed documentation which describes the scientific evidence on which the Statement is based. Single-dose Activated Charcoal should not be administered routinely in the management of poisoned patients. Based on volunteer studies, the effectiveness of Activated Charcoal decreases with time; the greatest benefit is within 1 hour of ingestion. The administration of Activated Charcoal may be considered if a patient has ingested a potentially toxic amount of a poison (which is known to be adsorbed to Charcoal) up to 1 hour previously; there are insufficient data to support or exclude its use after 1 hour of ingestion. There is no evidence that the administration of Activated Charcoal improves clinical outcome. Unless a patient has an intact or protected airway, the administration of Charcoal is contraindicated.
-
position statement single dose Activated Charcoal american academy of clinical toxicology european association of poisons centres and clinical toxicologists
Clinical Toxicology, 1997Co-Authors: Peter A Chyka, D SegerAbstract:: In preparing this Position Statement, all relevant scientific literature was identified and reviewed critically by acknowledged experts using agreed criteria. Well-conducted clinical and experimental studies were given precedence over anecdotal case reports and abstracts were not usually considered. A draft Position Statement was then produced and subjected to detailed peer review by an international group of clinical toxicologists chosen by the American Academy of Clinical Toxicology and the European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists. The Position Statement went through multiple drafts before being approved by the boards of the two societies and being endorsed by other societies. The Position Statement includes a summary statement for ease of use and is supported by detailed documentation which describes the scientific evidence on which the Statement is based. Single-dose Activated Charcoal should not be administered routinely in the management of poisoned patients. Based on volunteer studies, the effectiveness of Activated Charcoal decreases with time; the greatest benefit is within 1 hour of ingestion. The administration of Activated Charcoal may be considered if a patient has ingested a potentially toxic amount of a poison (which is known to be adsorbed to Charcoal) up to 1 hour previously; there are insufficient data to support or exclude its use after 1 hour of ingestion. There is no evidence that the administration of Activated Charcoal improves clinical outcome. Unless a patient has an intact or protected airway, the administration of Charcoal is contraindicated.
Magnus Norgren - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
removal of lignin from wastewater generated by mechanical pulping using Activated Charcoal and fly ash adsorption kinetics
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2011Co-Authors: Kerstin I Andersson, Marie Eriksson, Magnus NorgrenAbstract:The possible application of adsorption for the removal of lignin-related material found in wastewater generated by mechanical pulping was investigated. Activated Charcoal and fly ash were used as adsorbents in batch experiments. The lignin-related material exhibited properties well-suited for adsorption onto both adsorbents, although the sorption capacity of Activated Charcoal exceeds that of fly ash. The experimental data were fitted to pseudo-first- and pseudo-second-order rate kinetic expressions, and an attempt was made to find the rate-limiting step involved in the adsorption processes. The results showed that lignin adsorption onto both Activated Charcoal and fly ash follows pseudo-second-order rate kinetics and that both boundary-layer diffusion and intraparticle diffusion are likely involved in the rate-limiting mechanisms. Adsorption is an interesting option in advanced wastewater treatment, and fly ash appears to be a suitable low-cost adsorbent for recalcitrant organic pollutants.
-
removal of lignin from wastewater generated by mechanical pulping using Activated Charcoal and fly ash adsorption isotherms and thermodynamics
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2011Co-Authors: Kerstin I Andersson, Marie Eriksson, Magnus NorgrenAbstract:Lignin-related material found in wastewater from thermomechanical pulping resists conventional biological treatment, entailing the use of advanced removal methods. In this work, the use of adsorption for removing lignin-related material was investigated. Activated Charcoal and fly ash were used to study the adsorption behavior of lignin and to determine the adsorption capacities of these two adsorbents. Experimental data were fitted to various isotherm equations to find the best description of the sorption systems, and the corresponding thermodynamic parameters were calculated. Fly ash exhibited good sorption properties, although its sorption capacity was inferior to that of Activated Charcoal. Both the Freundlich and Langmuir equations provided reasonable models of the sorption processes, and the thermodynamic parameters indicated that sorption onto Activated Charcoal is endothermic, whereas sorption onto fly ash appears to be exothermic. Fly ash is a low-cost material that is often available on-site and...
P J Neuvonen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Activated Charcoal alone and followed by whole-bowel irrigation in preventing the absorption of sustained-release drugs.
Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 2001Co-Authors: Outi Lapatto-reiniluoto, Kari T Kivisto, P J NeuvonenAbstract:Objective Our objective was to study the effect of Activated Charcoal on the absorption of sustained-release drugs ingested 1 hour earlier and to examine whether whole-bowel irrigation affects the efficacy of Charcoal. Methods In this randomized, 3-phase crossover study, 9 healthy subjects received, at the same time, 200 mg carbamazepine, 200 mg theophylline, and 120 mg verapamil. All drugs were given as sustained-release tablets. One hour after taking the tablets, the subjects were assigned to one of the following treatments: 25 g Activated Charcoal as a suspension, 25 g Activated Charcoal as a suspension followed by whole-bowel irrigation with polyethylene glycol (PEG) electrolyte lavage solution, or 200 mL water (control). The absorption of the drugs was characterized by using the area under the plasma drug concentration-time curve from time zero to 24 hours [AUC(0–24)], peak plasma concentration (Cmax), Cmax minus the plasma concentration at 1 hour (CΔ), and time to peak (tmax). Results Activated Charcoal alone given 1 hour after drug intake significantly (P < .001) reduced the absorption [AUC(0–24)] of all 3 drugs (by 62%-75%). Also the Cmax and CΔ values of these drugs were significantly reduced by Charcoal alone. Whole-bowel irrigation did not increase significantly the effect of Charcoal on any absorption parameters of the 3 drugs studied. On the contrary, whole-bowel irrigation significantly (P < .01) decreased the efficacy of Charcoal with respect to carbamazepine. Conclusions Activated Charcoal alone given 1 hour after intake of sustained-release drugs was effective in preventing the absorption of all 3 drugs studied. Whole-bowel irrigation may even decrease the efficacy of Charcoal if the drug is well adsorbable onto Charcoal. However, our study was performed with therapeutic drug doses only. In overdoses their possible effects on gastrointestinal motility may modify the efficacy of decontamination methods. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2001) 70, 255–260; doi: 10.1067/mcp.2001.118184
-
efficacy of Activated Charcoal versus gastric lavage half an hour after ingestion of moclobemide temazepam and verapamil
European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 2000Co-Authors: Outi Lapattoreiniluoto, Kari T Kivisto, P J NeuvonenAbstract:Objective: To compare the efficacy of Activated Charcoal and gastric lavage in preventing the absorption of moclobemide, temazepam, and verapamil 30 min after drug ingestion.
Kerstin I Andersson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
removal of lignin from wastewater generated by mechanical pulping using Activated Charcoal and fly ash adsorption kinetics
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2011Co-Authors: Kerstin I Andersson, Marie Eriksson, Magnus NorgrenAbstract:The possible application of adsorption for the removal of lignin-related material found in wastewater generated by mechanical pulping was investigated. Activated Charcoal and fly ash were used as adsorbents in batch experiments. The lignin-related material exhibited properties well-suited for adsorption onto both adsorbents, although the sorption capacity of Activated Charcoal exceeds that of fly ash. The experimental data were fitted to pseudo-first- and pseudo-second-order rate kinetic expressions, and an attempt was made to find the rate-limiting step involved in the adsorption processes. The results showed that lignin adsorption onto both Activated Charcoal and fly ash follows pseudo-second-order rate kinetics and that both boundary-layer diffusion and intraparticle diffusion are likely involved in the rate-limiting mechanisms. Adsorption is an interesting option in advanced wastewater treatment, and fly ash appears to be a suitable low-cost adsorbent for recalcitrant organic pollutants.
-
removal of lignin from wastewater generated by mechanical pulping using Activated Charcoal and fly ash adsorption isotherms and thermodynamics
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2011Co-Authors: Kerstin I Andersson, Marie Eriksson, Magnus NorgrenAbstract:Lignin-related material found in wastewater from thermomechanical pulping resists conventional biological treatment, entailing the use of advanced removal methods. In this work, the use of adsorption for removing lignin-related material was investigated. Activated Charcoal and fly ash were used to study the adsorption behavior of lignin and to determine the adsorption capacities of these two adsorbents. Experimental data were fitted to various isotherm equations to find the best description of the sorption systems, and the corresponding thermodynamic parameters were calculated. Fly ash exhibited good sorption properties, although its sorption capacity was inferior to that of Activated Charcoal. Both the Freundlich and Langmuir equations provided reasonable models of the sorption processes, and the thermodynamic parameters indicated that sorption onto Activated Charcoal is endothermic, whereas sorption onto fly ash appears to be exothermic. Fly ash is a low-cost material that is often available on-site and...
