The Experts below are selected from a list of 279 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Brian L. Dolph - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Fire SAFETY ANALYSIS OF THE USCGC DEPENDABLE.
1999Co-Authors: Chester M. Sprague, Derek White, Brian L. DolphAbstract:Abstract : This report documents the results of a Fire safety analysis of the USCGC DEPENDABLE prior to and after implementing changes associated with the Paragon project. The Paragon project reduces the normal crew by approximately 20% and implements a number of changes to supplant the loss of manual Firefighting effectiveness. These changes include a new Fire detection and monitoring system, installation of fixed surveillance cameras, and utilization of a rapid response team concept. The Ship Fire Safety Engineering Methodology (SFSEM) and associated computer program, SAFE version 2.2, were utilized as an analytical tool to perform the analysis. The SFSEM is a probabilistic based Fire risk analysis methodology. It is useful to conduct a structured and comprehensive analysis of the performance of all types of surface ships as a Fire safety system. The SFSEM provides an integrated framework for analyzing Fires on ships in comparison to established Fire safety objectives. It accounts for all relevant aspects of Fire safety including the growth and spread of Fire, the effectiveness of passive design features such as barriers, and Active Fire Protection features such as fixed and portable Fire extinguishing systems, as well as manual Fire suppression. SAFE implements the SFSEM and evaluates the probability of spaces and barriers limiting a Fire. The evaluation is conducted on a compartment-by-compartment basis. SAFE calculates the probable paths of Fire spread for user-specified time duration. SPSEM/SAFE has been successfully used to analyze the Fire safety design of existing as well as proposed ships. SAFE input data included information collected during a ship visit to the CGC DEPENDABLE during the period 30 September - 3 October 1997. Baseline Fire safety analysis results show that with just passive Fire Protection in effect (without considering automated or manual Fire Protection), all compartments in the DEPENDABLE exceed Fire safety objectives, both in port and at sea. c
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Fire Safety Analysis of the 270' WMEC Medium Endurance Cutter
1998Co-Authors: Chester M. Sprague, Ajay V. Prasad, Derek White, Brian L. DolphAbstract:Abstract : This report documents the results of a comprehensive Fire safety analysis of the 270' WMEC Medium Endurance Cutter. The Ship Fire Safety Engineering Methodology (SFSEM) and associated computer program, SAFE version 2.2, were utilized as an analytical tool to perform the analysis. The SFSEM is a probabilistic based Fire risk analysis methodology. It is useful to conduct a structured and comprehensive analysis of the performance of all types of surface ships as a Fire safety systern. The SFSEM provides an integrated framework for analyzing Fires on ships in comparison to established Fire safety objectives. It accounts for all relevant aspects of Fire safety including the growth and spread of Fire, the effectiveness of passive design features such as barriers, and Active Fire Protection features such as fixed and portable Fire extinguishing systems, as well as manual Fire suppression. SAFE implements the SFSEM and evaluates the probability of space and barriers limiting a Fire. The evaluation is conducted on a compartment-by.compartment basis. SAFE calculates the probable paths of Fire spread for a user-specified time duration. SFSEMISAFE has been successfully used to analyze the Fire safety design of existing, as well as proposed ships. The input data was based on information collected during a ship visit to the CGC SPENCER (WMEC 905) during the period 22-24 July 1996. Baseline Fire safety analysis results show that with all passive and Active Fire Protection features in effect, all compartments in the cutter exceed established Fire safety objectives, both in port and at sea. With just passive Fire Protection in effect (without considering automated 9r manual Fire Protection), one compartment in the 270' WMEC fails to meet Fire safety objectives in port and sea. Passive Protection must be augmented by manual Fire Protection for all compartments to meet or exceed Fire safety objectives in port and at sea. Pro
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Fire Safety Analysis of the 180' WLB Seagoing Buoy Tender.
1998Co-Authors: Chester M. Sprague, Derek White, Brian L. DolphAbstract:Abstract : This report documents the results of a comprehensive Fire safety analysis of the 180' WLB Seagoing Buoy Tender. The Ship Fire Safety Engineering Methodology (SFSEM) and associated Ship Applied Fire Engineering (SAFE V 2.2), were utilized as an analytical tool to perform the analysis. The SFSEM is a probabilistic based Fire risk analysis methodology. SAFE implements the SFSEM and evaluates the probability of spaces and barriers limiting a Fire. Visits to the CGC HORNBEAM were made to collect input data. Baseline Fire safety analysis results show that with all passive and Active Fire Protection features in effect, the cutter exceeds the established Fire safety objectives by a very substantial margin both in port and at sea. With just passive Fire Protection in effect (without considering automated or manual Fire Protection), the 180' WLB exceeds its Fire safety objectives in every compartment. The passive Fire Protection in this cutter may be enhanced due to effective use of compartmentation to segregate engineering spaces and due to the fact that many of the bulkheads are constructed of insulated steel. The most probable rooms of origin for Fires that may spread to involve multiple compartments are the Motor Room, Auxiliary Machinery Space #3, Linen Locker and Cleaning Gear Locker. A careful analysis of the results from the various output options in SAFE provided in this report may be effectively used to develop realistic Fire scenarios to assist the crew in planning Firefighting training drills.
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Fire Safety Analysis of the 225' WLB(R) Seagoing Buoy Tender.
1997Co-Authors: Chester M. Sprague, Derek White, Brian L. DolphAbstract:Abstract : This report documents the results of a comprehensive Fire safety analysis of the 225' WLB(R) Seagoing Buoy Tender. The Ship Fire Safety Engineering Methodology (SFSEM) and associated computer program, SAFE version 2.2, were utilized as an analytical tool to perform the analysis. The SFSEM is a probabilistic based Fire risk analysis methodology. It is useful to conduct a structured and comprehensive analysis of the performance of all types of surface ships as a Fire safety system. The SFSEM provides an integrated framework for analyzing Fires on ships in comparison to established Fire safety objectives. It accounts for all relevant aspects of Fire safety including the growth and spread of Fire, the effectiveness of passive design features such as barriers, and Active Fire Protection features such as fixed and portable Fire extinguishing systems as well as manual Fire suppression. SAFE implements the SFSEM and evaluates the probability of spaces and barriers limiting a Fire. The evaluation is conducted on a compartment-by-compartment basis. SAFE calculates the probable paths of Fire spread for a user-specified time duration. The input data was based on actual data collected during a ship visit on the CGC JUNIPER. Significant conclusions include that the minimal manning levels proposed for this cutter are feasible due to the well-designed and comprehensive Fire and smoke detection system installed in the cutter coupled with the installation of automated Fire Protection systems in engineering spaces and other compartments with especially hazardous fuel loads. A Fire Protection doctrine tailored for this class of cutter is included as an appendix.
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Fire SAFETY ANALYSIS OF THE USCGC VINDICATOR (WMEC 3).
1996Co-Authors: Chester M. Sprague, Herbert A. Holmstedt, Betty H. Romberg, Brian L. DolphAbstract:Abstract : The Ship Fire Safety Engineering Methodology (SFSEM) was utilized as an analytical tool to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the baseline Fire safety of the VINDICATOR compared to pre-established Fire safety objectives. Results indicate that all compartments in the VINDICATOR exceed the Fire safety objectives by a substantial margin with their existing passive and Active Fire Protection features in effect. Various alternatives to the proposed design were studied to gain insight into the relative effect of certain design features on the baseline Fire safety. The SFSEM has been shown to be a valuable tool to evaluate heretofore incomparable entities such as a better barrier or a more effective Firefighting system and quantify their effectiveness. The VINDICATOR is an ex-USNS Ocean Surveillance Ship (T-AGOS) conversion to a Coast Guard Medium Endurance Cutter (WMEC). In addition. this report includes a detailed Fire Protection doctrine tailored for VINDICATOR. This doctrine provides: information pertinent to Fire science in part A, Firefighting policy and guidance provided by the Commandant, U.S. Coast Guard for large cutters in part B, and procedures for combating all classes of Fires in all conceivable compartments in part C.
Wan Ki Chow - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A retrospective survey on elevator evacuation of supertall buildings under Fires
Journal of Applied Fire Science, 2006Co-Authors: Wan Ki ChowAbstract:Many supertall buildings up to 500mare constructed in the Far East. Big Fires in such tall buildings during office hours are a nightmare to Firemen. Lots of combustibles might be stored in crowded offices with glass facades. Big Fires in tall buildings have been observed many times all over the world. Evacuation is identified as the key problem. Full evacuation is impossible for supertall buildings, taking over 2 hours even in a normal Fire drill with good orders. Refuge floors and staged evacuation might be a solution. However, there are queries on whether refuge floors are safe under big post-flashover Fires after the World Trade Center tragedy. Elevators are proposed for selective use in the case of Fire for accelerating the evacuation process. Studies on elevator evacuation for tall buildings of normal height started over 20 years ago in North America. Results on smoke movement and its management in tall buildings of normal height, human behavior and orderly evacuation, evacuation times modeling, integration with refuge evacuation, and water damage were reported. None of those works related specifically to supertall buildings under big Fires. In fact, the use of elevators is included in the evacuation strategy for several supertall buildings in Hong Kong. The elevator systems, however, are not demonstrated to be safe in a Fire, leading to deep concern from local Fire authority. There is an urgent need to evaluate performance of such existing elevator systems for emergency evacuation in supertall buildings. Active Fire Protection systems should be upgraded if necessary. In this article, concerns of elevator evacuation are summarized. Points of consideration in designing safe elevator systems in supertall buildings under big Fires will be discussed with reference to the literature works.Department of Building Services Engineerin
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Building Fire Safety in the Far East
Architectural Science Review, 2005Co-Authors: Wan Ki ChowAbstract:Building Fire safety activities in the Far East will be briefly reviewed in this paper. Fire safety concerns in some buildings with new architectural features will be discussed. Glass constructions need special attention. Key points on building Fire safety provisions, including both passive building construction and Active Fire Protection systems will be pointed out. Whether the current Fire codes are applicable for new architectural features, the use of new materials, new style of living and capability of solving the new Fire safety problems will be discussed. The total Fire safety concept of implementing software Fire safety management to control hardware provisions is recommended. Application of Fire models is reviewed. Performance-based design is then discussed. New problems to consider such as Fire spread over buildings, crowd movement and control, and Fire impact to structures are outlined.
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Proposed Fire safety strategy on airport terminals
International Journal of Risk Assessment and Management, 2005Co-Authors: Candy M.y. Ng, Wan Ki ChowAbstract:Fire safety strategy for airport terminals will be proposed in this paper. The local airport terminal is taken as an example. Special features of airport terminals will be outlined. The retail areas are identified as places with higher Fire risk. Standards, codes and design guidelines used overseas are reviewed and compared with the local codes. Based on the study, Fire safety strategy is suggested to have four parts: • passive building construction for Fire safety • Active Fire Protection systems or Fire services installation • Fire safety management • control of risk factors. All four parts will be discussed in this paper. Suggestions are made to give a Fire safe airport terminal.
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Legislation aspects of Fire safety management in Hong Kong
Facilities, 2004Co-Authors: S.c. Tsui, Wan Ki ChowAbstract:Proper implementation of Fire safety management is a key to providing total Fire safety. In this paper, a regulatory framework related to Fire safety management in buildings in Hong Kong has been reviewed. Current statutory requirements covering both administrative and technical aspects of Fire safety management elements are outlined. Responsibilities of different management parties in a typical multiple occupancies commercial building on operating the Fire safety measures are discussed. It is observed that only maintenance of Active Fire Protection systems are emphasised at the moment. A more detailed Fire safety plan should be formulated with clear legal liability for undertaking management responsibilities.
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ASPECTS OF Fire SAFETY IN ULTRA HIGHRISE BUILDINGS
2004Co-Authors: Wan Ki ChowAbstract:Aspects of Fire safety provisions in ultra highrise buildings will be discussed in this paper. The total Fire safety concept of implementing software Fire safety management to control hardware provisions in passive building construction and Active Fire Protection system is recommended. Key points on Fire safety in these buildings are pointed out for further research. These include Fire spread over buildings, crowd movement and control, preventive measures such as applying appropriate Fire protective coatings to give a longer Fire resistance period, and a feasibility study on using new Fire Protection systems. A risk management scheme should be worked out scientifically. Education and training of Fire engineers are essential. The possibility of inducing an urban mass Fire is also pointed out.
Chester M. Sprague - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Fire SAFETY ANALYSIS OF THE USCGC DEPENDABLE.
1999Co-Authors: Chester M. Sprague, Derek White, Brian L. DolphAbstract:Abstract : This report documents the results of a Fire safety analysis of the USCGC DEPENDABLE prior to and after implementing changes associated with the Paragon project. The Paragon project reduces the normal crew by approximately 20% and implements a number of changes to supplant the loss of manual Firefighting effectiveness. These changes include a new Fire detection and monitoring system, installation of fixed surveillance cameras, and utilization of a rapid response team concept. The Ship Fire Safety Engineering Methodology (SFSEM) and associated computer program, SAFE version 2.2, were utilized as an analytical tool to perform the analysis. The SFSEM is a probabilistic based Fire risk analysis methodology. It is useful to conduct a structured and comprehensive analysis of the performance of all types of surface ships as a Fire safety system. The SFSEM provides an integrated framework for analyzing Fires on ships in comparison to established Fire safety objectives. It accounts for all relevant aspects of Fire safety including the growth and spread of Fire, the effectiveness of passive design features such as barriers, and Active Fire Protection features such as fixed and portable Fire extinguishing systems, as well as manual Fire suppression. SAFE implements the SFSEM and evaluates the probability of spaces and barriers limiting a Fire. The evaluation is conducted on a compartment-by-compartment basis. SAFE calculates the probable paths of Fire spread for user-specified time duration. SPSEM/SAFE has been successfully used to analyze the Fire safety design of existing as well as proposed ships. SAFE input data included information collected during a ship visit to the CGC DEPENDABLE during the period 30 September - 3 October 1997. Baseline Fire safety analysis results show that with just passive Fire Protection in effect (without considering automated or manual Fire Protection), all compartments in the DEPENDABLE exceed Fire safety objectives, both in port and at sea. c
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Fire Safety Analysis of the 270' WMEC Medium Endurance Cutter
1998Co-Authors: Chester M. Sprague, Ajay V. Prasad, Derek White, Brian L. DolphAbstract:Abstract : This report documents the results of a comprehensive Fire safety analysis of the 270' WMEC Medium Endurance Cutter. The Ship Fire Safety Engineering Methodology (SFSEM) and associated computer program, SAFE version 2.2, were utilized as an analytical tool to perform the analysis. The SFSEM is a probabilistic based Fire risk analysis methodology. It is useful to conduct a structured and comprehensive analysis of the performance of all types of surface ships as a Fire safety systern. The SFSEM provides an integrated framework for analyzing Fires on ships in comparison to established Fire safety objectives. It accounts for all relevant aspects of Fire safety including the growth and spread of Fire, the effectiveness of passive design features such as barriers, and Active Fire Protection features such as fixed and portable Fire extinguishing systems, as well as manual Fire suppression. SAFE implements the SFSEM and evaluates the probability of space and barriers limiting a Fire. The evaluation is conducted on a compartment-by.compartment basis. SAFE calculates the probable paths of Fire spread for a user-specified time duration. SFSEMISAFE has been successfully used to analyze the Fire safety design of existing, as well as proposed ships. The input data was based on information collected during a ship visit to the CGC SPENCER (WMEC 905) during the period 22-24 July 1996. Baseline Fire safety analysis results show that with all passive and Active Fire Protection features in effect, all compartments in the cutter exceed established Fire safety objectives, both in port and at sea. With just passive Fire Protection in effect (without considering automated 9r manual Fire Protection), one compartment in the 270' WMEC fails to meet Fire safety objectives in port and sea. Passive Protection must be augmented by manual Fire Protection for all compartments to meet or exceed Fire safety objectives in port and at sea. Pro
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Fire Safety Analysis of the 180' WLB Seagoing Buoy Tender.
1998Co-Authors: Chester M. Sprague, Derek White, Brian L. DolphAbstract:Abstract : This report documents the results of a comprehensive Fire safety analysis of the 180' WLB Seagoing Buoy Tender. The Ship Fire Safety Engineering Methodology (SFSEM) and associated Ship Applied Fire Engineering (SAFE V 2.2), were utilized as an analytical tool to perform the analysis. The SFSEM is a probabilistic based Fire risk analysis methodology. SAFE implements the SFSEM and evaluates the probability of spaces and barriers limiting a Fire. Visits to the CGC HORNBEAM were made to collect input data. Baseline Fire safety analysis results show that with all passive and Active Fire Protection features in effect, the cutter exceeds the established Fire safety objectives by a very substantial margin both in port and at sea. With just passive Fire Protection in effect (without considering automated or manual Fire Protection), the 180' WLB exceeds its Fire safety objectives in every compartment. The passive Fire Protection in this cutter may be enhanced due to effective use of compartmentation to segregate engineering spaces and due to the fact that many of the bulkheads are constructed of insulated steel. The most probable rooms of origin for Fires that may spread to involve multiple compartments are the Motor Room, Auxiliary Machinery Space #3, Linen Locker and Cleaning Gear Locker. A careful analysis of the results from the various output options in SAFE provided in this report may be effectively used to develop realistic Fire scenarios to assist the crew in planning Firefighting training drills.
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Fire Safety Analysis of the 225' WLB(R) Seagoing Buoy Tender.
1997Co-Authors: Chester M. Sprague, Derek White, Brian L. DolphAbstract:Abstract : This report documents the results of a comprehensive Fire safety analysis of the 225' WLB(R) Seagoing Buoy Tender. The Ship Fire Safety Engineering Methodology (SFSEM) and associated computer program, SAFE version 2.2, were utilized as an analytical tool to perform the analysis. The SFSEM is a probabilistic based Fire risk analysis methodology. It is useful to conduct a structured and comprehensive analysis of the performance of all types of surface ships as a Fire safety system. The SFSEM provides an integrated framework for analyzing Fires on ships in comparison to established Fire safety objectives. It accounts for all relevant aspects of Fire safety including the growth and spread of Fire, the effectiveness of passive design features such as barriers, and Active Fire Protection features such as fixed and portable Fire extinguishing systems as well as manual Fire suppression. SAFE implements the SFSEM and evaluates the probability of spaces and barriers limiting a Fire. The evaluation is conducted on a compartment-by-compartment basis. SAFE calculates the probable paths of Fire spread for a user-specified time duration. The input data was based on actual data collected during a ship visit on the CGC JUNIPER. Significant conclusions include that the minimal manning levels proposed for this cutter are feasible due to the well-designed and comprehensive Fire and smoke detection system installed in the cutter coupled with the installation of automated Fire Protection systems in engineering spaces and other compartments with especially hazardous fuel loads. A Fire Protection doctrine tailored for this class of cutter is included as an appendix.
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Fire SAFETY ANALYSIS OF THE USCGC VINDICATOR (WMEC 3).
1996Co-Authors: Chester M. Sprague, Herbert A. Holmstedt, Betty H. Romberg, Brian L. DolphAbstract:Abstract : The Ship Fire Safety Engineering Methodology (SFSEM) was utilized as an analytical tool to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the baseline Fire safety of the VINDICATOR compared to pre-established Fire safety objectives. Results indicate that all compartments in the VINDICATOR exceed the Fire safety objectives by a substantial margin with their existing passive and Active Fire Protection features in effect. Various alternatives to the proposed design were studied to gain insight into the relative effect of certain design features on the baseline Fire safety. The SFSEM has been shown to be a valuable tool to evaluate heretofore incomparable entities such as a better barrier or a more effective Firefighting system and quantify their effectiveness. The VINDICATOR is an ex-USNS Ocean Surveillance Ship (T-AGOS) conversion to a Coast Guard Medium Endurance Cutter (WMEC). In addition. this report includes a detailed Fire Protection doctrine tailored for VINDICATOR. This doctrine provides: information pertinent to Fire science in part A, Firefighting policy and guidance provided by the Commandant, U.S. Coast Guard for large cutters in part B, and procedures for combating all classes of Fires in all conceivable compartments in part C.
Xiao Ling Zhao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a novel Active Fire Protection approach for structural steel members using niti shape memory alloy
Smart Materials and Structures, 2013Co-Authors: Hussein Ageed Sadiq, Manbiu Bill Wong, Riadh Almahaidi, Xiao Ling ZhaoAbstract:A novel Active Fire Protection approach, based on integrating a shape memory alloy, NiTi, with a steel structure, was proposed to satisfy the Fire resistance requirements in structural design. To demonstrate the principles of this approach, a simple structure in the form of a simply supported steel beam was used. The internal action of the beam due to a transverse applied load was reduced by utilizing the shape memory effect in the NiTi alloy at rising temperatures. As a result, the net internal action from the load design was kept below the deteriorated load capacity of the beam during the Fire scenario for period of time that was longer than that of the original beam without the NiTi alloy. By integrating the NiTi alloy into the beam system, the structure remained stable even though the steel temperature exceeded the critical temperature which may have caused the original beam structure to collapse. Prior to testing the composite NiTi–steel beam under simulated Fire conditions, the NiTi alloy specimens were characterized at high temperatures. At 300 °C, the stiffness of the specimens increased by three times and its strength by four times over that at room temperature. The results obtained from the high-temperature characterization highlighted the great potential of the alloy being used in Fire engineering applications.
Pravin D. Gandhi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Temperature and velocity correlations in room Fires for estimating sprinkler actuation times
Fire Technology, 1995Co-Authors: Pravin D. GandhiAbstract:Automatic sprinklers are increasingly used in residential occupancies to provide Active Fire Protection. These sprinklers, known as quick response and residential sprinklers, may be located either at the ceiling (pendent-style) or on a wall (sidewall-style). Though several Fire models are available for estimating actuation times for sprinklers located under unobstructed ceilings, these use engineering correlations that do not apply to residential-sized rooms. Thus, data are needed for estimating sprinkler actuation times for residential occupancies.
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Temperature and velocity correlations in room Fires for estimating sprinkler actuation times
Fire Technology, 1995Co-Authors: Pravin D. GandhiAbstract:Automatic sprinklers are increasingly used in residential occupancies to provide Active Fire Protection. These sprinklers, known as quick response and residential sprinklers, may be located either at the ceiling (pendent-style) or on a wall (sidewall-style). Though several Fire models are available for estimating actuation times for sprinklers located under unobstructed ceilings, these use engineering correlations that do not apply to residential-sized rooms. Thus, data are needed for estimating sprinkler actuation times for residential occupancies. This paper reports on Fire tests that were conducted in various sized rooms to obtain temperature and velocity data for 73 kW, 100 kW, and 147 kW Fires. The data were then used to develop nondimensional correlations for temperature and velocity at the sprinkler locations. The temperature data revealed a significant temperature transient in the hot gas layer, and thus a nondimensional correlation describing the transient phenomenon was developed. These correlations compared reasonably well with experimental data, and they were used to estimate the sprinkler actuation times. The estimates were in reasonable agreement for the pendent sprinkler, except for the smallest Fire in a 4.27 m by 4.27 m occupancy. The estimates for sidewall sprinkler acuation were significantly lower than experimental values. This may have been due to the sprinklers' heat losses, which were not accounted for in the calculation.
