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Fred Schaper - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • hepatic Acute Phase Proteins regulation by il 6 and il 1 type cytokines involving stat3 and its crosstalk with nf κb dependent signaling
    European Journal of Cell Biology, 2012
    Co-Authors: Johannes G Bode, Peter C Heinrich, Ute Albrecht, Dieter Haussinger, Fred Schaper
    Abstract:

    Abstract The function of the liver as an important constituent of the immune system involved in innate as well as adaptive immunity is warranted by different highly specialized cell populations. As the major source of Acute Phase Proteins, including secreted pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs), short pentraxins, components of the complement system or regulators of iron metabolism, hepatocytes are essential constituents of innate immunity and largely contribute to the control of a systemic inflammatory response. The production of Acute Phase Proteins in hepatocytes is controlled by a variety of different cytokines released during the inflammatory process with IL-1- and IL-6-type cytokines as the leading regulators operating both as a cascade and as a network having additive, inhibitory, or synergistic regulatory effects on Acute Phase protein expression. Hence, IL-1β substantially modifies IL-6-induced Acute Phase protein production as it almost completely abrogates production of Acute Phase Proteins such as γ-fibrinogen, α2-macroglobulin or α1-antichymotrypsin, whereas production of for example hepcidin, C-reactive protein and serum amyloid A is strongly up-regulated. This switch-like regulation of IL-6-induced Acute Phase protein production by IL-1β is due to a complex processing of the intracellular signaling events activated in response to IL-6 and/or IL-1β, with the crosstalk between STAT3- and NF-κB-mediated signal transduction being of particular importance. Recent data suggest that in this context complex formation between STAT3 and the p65 subunit of NF-κB might be of key importance. The present review summarizes the regulation of Acute Phase protein production focusing on the role of the crosstalk of STAT3- and NF-κB-driven pathways for transcriptional control of Acute Phase gene expression.

Fabrizio Ceciliani - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Widespread extrahepatic expression of Acute-Phase Proteins in healthy chicken (Gallus gallus) tissues
    'Elsevier BV', 2017
    Co-Authors: Andreia Tomás Marques, Cristina Lecchi, Laura Nordio, Chiara Giudice, Guido Grilli, Fabrizio Ceciliani
    Abstract:

    Acute Phase Proteins (APP) are plasma Proteins that can modify their expression in response to inflammation caused by tissue injury, infections, immunological disorders or stress. Although APP are produced mainly in liver, extrahepatic production has also been described. As a prerequisite to get insight the expression of APP in chicken during diseases, this study investigated the presence of five APP, including alpha1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), Serum Amyloid A (SAA), PIT54, C-Reactive protein (CRP) and Ovotransferrin (OVT) in twenty tissues collected from healthy chicken (Gallus gallus) by quantitative Real Time PCR and immunohistochemistry. As expected, APP gene abundance was higher in liver compared with other tissues. The mRNA coding for CRP, OVT and SAA was detected in all analyzed tissues with a higher expression in gastrointestinal tract, respiratory and lymphatic samples. SAA expression was particularly high in cecal tonsil, lung, spleen and Meckel's diverticulum, whereas OVT in lung, bursa of Fabricius and pancreas. AGP and PIT54 mRNA expression were detected in all tissues but at negligible levels. Immunohistochemical expression of AGP and OVT was variably detected in different organs, being identified in endothelium of every tissue. Positive cells were present in the epithelium of the mucosal layer of gastrointestinal tract and kidney. Lung and central nervous system stained for both Proteins. No positive staining was detected in lymphoid tissues and muscle. These results suggest that most tissues can express different amount of APP even in healthy conditions and are therefore capable to mount a local Acute Phase reaction

  • Widespread extrahepatic expression of Acute-Phase Proteins in chicken (Gallus gallus) tissues
    Università degli Studi di Milano, 2016
    Co-Authors: Andreia Tomás Marques, Cristina Lecchi, Laura Nordio, Chiara Giudice, Guido Grilli, Helena Ariño-bassols, Fabrizio Ceciliani
    Abstract:

    Acute Phase Proteins (APP) are plasma Proteins that can modify their expression in response to inflammation caused by tissue injury, infections, immunological disorders, or stress. Although APP are produced mainly in liver, extrahepatic production has been described (Marques et al., 2016; Lecchi et al., 2012). The aim of this work was to study the extrahepatic gene expression of five APP, namely α1- acid glycoprotein (AGP), Serum amyloid A (SAA), Haptoglobin-like protein (PIT54), C-rective protein (CRP) and Ovotransferrin (OVT) (O'Reilly and Eckersall, 2014) in different healthy chicken (Gallus gallus) tissues by quantitative real time PCR (qPCR) and immunohistochemistry to detect the precise location of the Proteins. APP gene expression was higher in liver compared with other tissues. mRNA coding for CRP, OVT and SAA was detected in all tissues involved in this study with a higher expression in gastrointestinal tract, respiratory system and lymphatic system. SAA expression was particularly high in cecal tonsil, lung, spleen and meckel’s diverticulum, whereas OVT showed a high expression in lung, bursa of Fabricius, pancreas, brain and adipose tissue. AGP and PIT54 was also detected in pericardial adipose tissue, spleen, kidney, lung, mucosa of proventriculus, mucosa of gizzard and pancreas but, oppositely to SAA, their mRNA was not detected in meckel’s diverticulum, cecal tonsil and bursa of Fabricius. These results suggest that each tissue is able to express different amount of APP even in healthy conditions and mount a local Acute Phase reaction. Immunohistochemistry to detect the precise location for AGP, OVT and SAA using available antibodies is ongoing

  • The effect of transport stress on turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) liver Acute Phase Proteins gene expression.
    Research in veterinary science, 2015
    Co-Authors: Andreia T. Marques, Cristina Lecchi, Chiara Giudice, Guido Grilli, Sara Rota Nodari, Leonardo James Vinco, Fabrizio Ceciliani
    Abstract:

    The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of transport-related stress on the liver gene expression of four Acute Phase Proteins (APP), namely α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), C-Reactive Protein (CRP), Serum Amyloid A (SAA) and PIT54, in turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo). A group of seven BUT BIG 6 commercial hens was subjected to a two-hour long road transportation and the quantitative gene expression of APP in the liver was compared to that of a non transported control group. The expression of AGP and CRP mRNA was found to be increased in animals slaughtered after road transport. The presence of AGP protein was also confirmed by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. The results of this study showed that road-transport may induce the mRNA expression of immune related Proteins. The finding that AGP and CRP can be upregulated during transport could suggest their use as for the assessment of turkey welfare during transport.

  • Acute Phase Proteins in ruminants
    Journal of Proteomics, 2012
    Co-Authors: Fabrizio Ceciliani, P D Eckersall, Jose J Ceron, Helga Sauerwein
    Abstract:

    The physiological response to infections and injuries involves local inflammation and the initiation of events leading to a systemic response, also called Acute Phase reaction (APR). This multiplicity of changes is distant from the site of injury, and includes fever, leukocytosis and quantitative and qualitative modification of a group of non-structurally related Proteins present in blood and other biological fluids, collectively named Acute Phase Proteins (APP). Proteomic investigations of serum or plasma following natural or experimental infection frequently reveal substantial alterations in the APP, several of which are high abundance Proteins in these fluids. The present review will focus on the results of recent research on ruminant APP. Highlight points will include: - The structure and the functions of the main APPs in ruminants, as well as the regulatory mechanisms that trigger their systemic and local expression in both physiological and pathological conditions.- The clinical aspects of APPs in ruminants, including the current and future application to veterinary diagnosis and animal production.- The APP in small and wildlife ruminants.- Alteration in APP detected by proteomic investigations.

  • The systemic reaction during inflammation : the Acute-Phase Proteins
    Protein and peptide letters, 2002
    Co-Authors: Fabrizio Ceciliani, Alessia Giordano, V. Spagnolo
    Abstract:

    The Acute-Phase response consists in a large number of behavioural, physiologic, biochemical, and nutritional changes involving many organ systems distant from the site, or sites, of inflammation. One of the most investigated, but still not well understood, characteristic of the Acute Phase is the up-regulation, or downregulation, of many plasma Proteins, known as the Acute-Phase Proteins. The changes in the concentrations of these positive Acute-Phase Proteins and negative Acute-Phase Proteins are due to changes in their liver production. Their increase may vary from 25 percent to 1000 fold, as in the case of C-reactive protein and serum amyloid A. This review summarises the recent advances that have been acquired on the Acute-Phase Proteins, in particular their function in pathologies such as infections or inflammatory lesions.

P D Eckersall - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Acute Phase Proteins a review of their function behaviour and measurement in chickens
    Worlds Poultry Science Journal, 2014
    Co-Authors: Emily Oreilly, P D Eckersall
    Abstract:

    This review brings together and consolidates the large amount of research on Acute Phase Proteins (APPs) that has been undertaken in chickens. Acute Phase Proteins are secreted from the liver as a result of inflammation or infection that can be measured in plasma. They have been well-characterised in other farm animal species and have been measured in a wide variety of poultry research areas. The acceleration in chicken APP research is in response to increased interest in ways the immune responses of the chicken can be measured and compared during infection or environmental or nutritional changes. All APPs that have been identified and characterised in chickens are described in the following review and their responses during infection discussed. The APPs are tabulated with basal values and classification to provide a comparative and useful reference. The ways APPs can be measured in chickens and the assays available are also described. This review will detail the functions of the positive APPs in chickens and their behaviour during an APR.

  • Acute Phase Proteins in ruminants
    Journal of Proteomics, 2012
    Co-Authors: Fabrizio Ceciliani, P D Eckersall, Jose J Ceron, Helga Sauerwein
    Abstract:

    The physiological response to infections and injuries involves local inflammation and the initiation of events leading to a systemic response, also called Acute Phase reaction (APR). This multiplicity of changes is distant from the site of injury, and includes fever, leukocytosis and quantitative and qualitative modification of a group of non-structurally related Proteins present in blood and other biological fluids, collectively named Acute Phase Proteins (APP). Proteomic investigations of serum or plasma following natural or experimental infection frequently reveal substantial alterations in the APP, several of which are high abundance Proteins in these fluids. The present review will focus on the results of recent research on ruminant APP. Highlight points will include: - The structure and the functions of the main APPs in ruminants, as well as the regulatory mechanisms that trigger their systemic and local expression in both physiological and pathological conditions.- The clinical aspects of APPs in ruminants, including the current and future application to veterinary diagnosis and animal production.- The APP in small and wildlife ruminants.- Alteration in APP detected by proteomic investigations.

  • the plasma proteome and Acute Phase Proteins of broiler chickens with gait abnormalities
    2012
    Co-Authors: Emily Oreilly, Richard Burchmore, V Sandilands, N H C Sparks, C Walls, P D Eckersall
    Abstract:

    The Acute Phase response (APR) is the early and non-specific systemic reaction of the innate immune system to homeostatic disturbances. Pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines released from macrophages, monocytes and infected and damaged tissues affect the synthesis and secretion of hepatocytic Proteins and drastically alter the plasma protein profile. Plasma Proteins that change concentrations as a result of an APR are termed Acute Phase Proteins (APPs). The measurable changes in APP concentrations during infectious, inflammatory, stressful, traumatic or neoplastic events are often proportional to the severity of the event(s). As such APP measurements are used as disease biomarkers and for prognostication.

  • Acute Phase Proteins in milk in naturally acquired bovine mastitis caused by different pathogens
    Veterinary Record, 2011
    Co-Authors: Satu Pyorala, P D Eckersall, J L Fitzpatrick, Mari Hovinen, Heli Simojoki, Toomas Orro
    Abstract:

    The concentrations of haptoglobin (Hp) and serum amyloid A (SAA) and the activity of N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAGase) in milk from 234 cows with spontaneous mastitis caused by different pathogens were measured to assess whether they corresponded with the clinical signs of mastitis and whether there were any differences between pathogens. Ninety-eight of the cows had clinical mastitis and 136 had subclinical mastitis. There were statistically significant positive correlations between the concentrations of SAA and Hp and the activity of NAGase. Significant differences in the concentrations of Acute Phase Proteins and NAGase activity were found in milk from cows with mastitis caused by different pathogens. The highest concentrations of Hp and NAGase were found in cases of mastitis caused by Escherichia coli and Arcanobacterium pyogenes, and the lowest concentrations were from cases of mastitis caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci. Very low SAA concentrations were found in milk from the cases caused by A pyogenes, in contrast to cases caused by other major mastitis pathogens. The median concentration of SAA was over 10 times higher in cases of mastitis caused by E coli than in mastitis caused by other pathogens. There were significant differences in the mean Hp concentration and NAGase activity between clinical and subclinical mastitis. In approximately one-third of the samples, the Hp concentration was below the detection limit, potentially compromising the use of Hp as a mastitis marker.

  • Acute Phase Proteins biomarkers of infection and inflammation in veterinary medicine
    Veterinary Journal, 2010
    Co-Authors: P D Eckersall, R D Bell
    Abstract:

    Acute Phase Proteins (APPs) have been used as biomarkers of inflammation, infection and trauma for decades in human medicine but have been relatively under-utilised in the context of veterinary medicine. However, significant progress has been made in the detection, measurement and application of APPs as biomarkers in both companion and farm animal medicine over recent years. In the dog, C-reactive protein, haptoglobin and serum amyloid A have been identified as significant diagnostic 'markers' of steroid-responsive meningitis-arteritis, while in cats and cattle haptoglobin and alpha(1) acid glycoprotein and haptoglobin and serum amyloid A have proved valuable biomarkers of disease, respectively. In dairy cattle, haptoglobin and a mammary-associated serum amyloid A3 isoform, produced by the inflamed mammary gland during episodes of mastitis, have great potential as biomarkers of this economically important disease. Understanding the use of APP as biomarkers of inflammatory conditions of domestic animals has expanded significantly over recent years, and, with the insights provided by ongoing research, it is likely that these compounds will be increasingly used in the future in the diagnosis and prognosis of both companion and farm animal disease.

Wael M Eldeeb - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the diagnostic accuracy of Acute Phase Proteins and proinflammatory cytokines in sheep with pneumonic pasteurellosis
    PeerJ, 2016
    Co-Authors: Wael M Eldeeb, Ahmed Elmoslemany
    Abstract:

    The goal of this study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of Acute Phase Proteins and proinflammatory cytokines in sheep with pneumonic pasteurellosis. Blood samples were collected from 56 sheep (36 naturally infected with Pasteurella multocida and 20 healthy controls) belonging to one farm in Eastern region, Saudi Arabia. Serum samples were evaluated for Acute Phase Proteins (Haptoglobin (Hp), serum amyloid A (SAA) and fibrinogen (Fb)), and the proinflammatory cytokines (interleukins (IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interferon-gamma (IFN-ϒ)). Additionally, nasopharyngeal swabs and bronchoalveolar lavages were collected from all animals for bacteriological examinations. Receiver operating characteristic curve was used to assess the diagnostic performance of each parameter. All parameters showed moderate to high degree of positive correlation with case-control status. There was no significant difference in the area under the curve (AUC) among Acute Phase Proteins; however, both Hp and SAA showed better sensitivity and specificity than Fb. The proinflammatory cytokines (IL1-α, IL1-β, and IL6) showed similar and highly accurate diagnostic performance (AUC > 0.9), whereas IFN-ϒ was moderately accurate (AUC = 0.79). In conclusion, this study confirms the value of Acute Phase Proteins and cytokines as diagnostic biomarkers of naturally occuring pneumonic pasteurellosis in sheep.

  • lipoProteins profile Acute Phase Proteins proinflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress biomarkers in sheep with pneumonic pasteurellosis
    Comparative Haematology International, 2015
    Co-Authors: Wael M Eldeeb, Mohamed Tharwat
    Abstract:

    The aim of this study was to assess the pathophysiological importance of lipid profile, Acute Phase Proteins, proinflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress markers in sheep with pneumonic pasteurellosis. Blood samples were collected from 36 Pasteurella multocida-infected sheep, together with 20 healthy controls. Samples for bacteriological examination (nasal swabs, bronchoalveolar lavage) were collected from all animals and subjected to bacteriological examinations. Moreover, heart blood and lung samples were collected from the dead pneumonic sheep and subjected also to bacteriological examinations. A lipid profile was determined, along with a blood picture and other biochemical parameters. The Acute Phase Proteins (fibrinogen, haptoglobin, serum amyloid A), the proinflammatory cytokine tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukins (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6), interferon-gamma and the oxidative stress markers malondialdehyde, super oxide dismutase, glutathione and catalase were also measured. The examined biochemical parameters were increased in the pneumonic sheep, except for cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), which were significantly lower than control group. Acute Phase Proteins and cytokines were significantly higher in the pneumonic sheep when compared to the healthy sheep. There was a significant increase in the levels of malondialdehyde; however, a significant decrease in the levels of super oxide dismutase, glutathione and catalase was observed. The present study shed the light on the possible pathphysiological role of lipid profile, Acute Phase Proteins (APPs), proinflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress markers in pneumonic pasteurelosis in sheep.

  • selected biochemical indicators of equine rhabdomyolysis in arabian horses Acute Phase Proteins and trace elements
    Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 2014
    Co-Authors: Wael M Eldeeb, Sabry M Elbahr
    Abstract:

    Abstract Although creatine kinase (CK), aspartate transaminase (AST), cytokines, and oxidative stress parameters were shown to be useful biomarkers for diagnosis of equine rhabdomyolysis, additional biomarkers of the disease may be of interest to indicate prognosis of the disease. Therefore, the present study investigated Acute Phase Proteins and trace elements as additional biomarkers of ER. Sixty male horses (4-6 years old) of 2 equal groups were used. Horses of the first group were clinically healthy and served as a control group, whereas horses of the second group were ER-diseased animals. Harvested sera were used for estimation of the activities of CK, AST, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin (Hp), ceruloplasmin (Cp), copper, iron, and zinc, whereas plasma samples were used for determination of fibrinogen. The present findings revealed a significant ( P ≤ .05) increase in values of CK, AST, and LDH in diseased horses compared to those in control values. In addition, a significant ( P ≤ .05) increase in SAA (162.6 ± 5.32 mg/L), Hp (3.6 ± 0.54 g/L), Cp (39.32 ± 2.31 mg/L), and copper (28.36 ± 1.23 μmol/L) along with a significant ( P ≤ .05) reduction in levels of iron (9.32 ± 0.23 μmol/L) and zinc (8.65 ± 1.02 μmol/L) was recorded in diseased horses compare to that in controls (11.3 ± 2.2 mg/L, 0.8 ± 0.2 g/L, 24.23 ± 1.32 mg/L, 18.41 ± 1.03 μmol/L, and 14.2 ± 0.42 μmol/L, respectively). In conclusion, SAA, Hp, Cp, copper, and zinc were useful prognostic biomarkers for the diagnosis of ER in Arabian horses.

Peter C Heinrich - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • hepatic Acute Phase Proteins regulation by il 6 and il 1 type cytokines involving stat3 and its crosstalk with nf κb dependent signaling
    European Journal of Cell Biology, 2012
    Co-Authors: Johannes G Bode, Peter C Heinrich, Ute Albrecht, Dieter Haussinger, Fred Schaper
    Abstract:

    Abstract The function of the liver as an important constituent of the immune system involved in innate as well as adaptive immunity is warranted by different highly specialized cell populations. As the major source of Acute Phase Proteins, including secreted pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs), short pentraxins, components of the complement system or regulators of iron metabolism, hepatocytes are essential constituents of innate immunity and largely contribute to the control of a systemic inflammatory response. The production of Acute Phase Proteins in hepatocytes is controlled by a variety of different cytokines released during the inflammatory process with IL-1- and IL-6-type cytokines as the leading regulators operating both as a cascade and as a network having additive, inhibitory, or synergistic regulatory effects on Acute Phase protein expression. Hence, IL-1β substantially modifies IL-6-induced Acute Phase protein production as it almost completely abrogates production of Acute Phase Proteins such as γ-fibrinogen, α2-macroglobulin or α1-antichymotrypsin, whereas production of for example hepcidin, C-reactive protein and serum amyloid A is strongly up-regulated. This switch-like regulation of IL-6-induced Acute Phase protein production by IL-1β is due to a complex processing of the intracellular signaling events activated in response to IL-6 and/or IL-1β, with the crosstalk between STAT3- and NF-κB-mediated signal transduction being of particular importance. Recent data suggest that in this context complex formation between STAT3 and the p65 subunit of NF-κB might be of key importance. The present review summarizes the regulation of Acute Phase protein production focusing on the role of the crosstalk of STAT3- and NF-κB-driven pathways for transcriptional control of Acute Phase gene expression.