Acute Retinal Necrosis

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Shigeaki Ohno - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • high prevalence of herpes simplex virus type 2 in Acute Retinal Necrosis syndrome associated with herpes simplex virus in japan
    American Journal of Ophthalmology, 2000
    Co-Authors: Norihiko Itoh, Nozomi Matsumura, Akiko Ogi, Tadayuki Nishide, Yumi Imai, Hikaru Kanai, Shigeaki Ohno
    Abstract:

    PURPOSE: To determine the type of herpes simplex virus in Acute Retinal Necrosis syndrome associated with herpes simplex virus. METHODS: Herpes simplex virus type 1, herpes simplex virus type 2, varicella-zoster virus, Epstein-Barr virus, and cytomegalovirus were examined by polymerase chain reaction in intraocular specimens from 16 patients with Acute Retinal Necrosis syndrome. Anti-herpes simplex virus type 1 and anti-herpes simplex virus type 2 type-specific antibodies in serum from the patients were detected by enzyme immunoassay. RESULTS: Of 16 patients with Acute Retinal Necrosis syndrome, seven were polymerase chain reaction positive for herpes simplex virus type 2 and nine were positive for varicella-zoster virus. Anti-herpes simplex virus type 2 antibody was positive and anti-herpes simplex virus type 1 antibody was negative in the sera of the seven patients with herpes simplex virus type 2 DNA-positive Acute Retinal Necrosis syndrome. In contrast, anti-herpes simplex virus type 2 antibody was absent in all nine varicella-zoster virus DNA-positive Acute Retinal Necrosis syndrome patients. CONCLUSION: Herpes simplex virus type 2 has been demonstrated to be the major causative agent in Acute Retinal Necrosis syndrome associated with herpes simplex virus by molecular biological and serological methods. Negative preexisting anti-herpes simplex virus type 1 antibody may play an important role in Acute Retinal Necrosis syndrome associated with herpes simplex virus type 2.

J. T. Rosenbaum - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Acute Retinal Necrosis Caused By Reactivation of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2
    American journal of ophthalmology, 1994
    Co-Authors: W. S. Thompson, William W. Culbertson, William E. Smiddy, Joseph E. Robertson, J. T. Rosenbaum
    Abstract:

    Acute Retinal Necrosis is a severe form of necrotizing retinitis. Acute Retinal Necrosis has been demonstrated to be caused by varicella-zoster virus and herpes simplex virus type 1. We treated three patients with Acute Retinal Necrosis apparently caused by recrudescence of latent herpes simplex virus type 2. Primary viral infection was probably congenital, with documented perinatal herpes simplex virus type 2 infection in two patients. Bilateral chorioRetinal scars were present in two patients, neither of whom had a history of ocular herpetic infection, suggesting that earlier subclinical chorioretinitis had occurred. In each case, periocular trauma preceded the development of retinitis by two to three weeks. These cases are evidently caused by trauma-induced reactivation of latent virus rather than the onset of a primary infection.

Sunil K. Srivistava - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Herpes zoster keratitis development after Acute Retinal Necrosis
    International Ophthalmology, 2018
    Co-Authors: Waseem H. Ansari, Francesco Pichi, Paula E. Pecen, Careen Y. Lowder, Sunil K. Srivistava
    Abstract:

    Purpose To report a case of herpes zoster keratitis in a patient undergoing treatment for herpetic Acute Retinal Necrosis. Methods Case report. Results A 71 year old male presented with Acute Retinal Necrosis of the left eye due to herpes zoster and was treated with intravitreal foscarnet and oral valcyclovir. He developed a Retinal detachment and underwent surgical repair. After four weeks, he developed an ipsilateral herpetic zoster keratitis demonstrated by Rose-Bengal staining that was responsive to topical ganciclovir gel. Conclusions This case report describes the unusual development of herpes zoster keratitis after the development of unilateral Acute Retinal Necrosis (ARN) in a patient on antiviral treatment.

  • Herpes zoster keratitis development after Acute Retinal Necrosis
    International ophthalmology, 2017
    Co-Authors: Waseem Ansari, Francesco Pichi, Paula E. Pecen, Careen Y. Lowder, Sunil K. Srivistava
    Abstract:

    Purpose To report a case of herpes zoster keratitis in a patient undergoing treatment for herpetic Acute Retinal Necrosis.

Todd P. Margolis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Viral causes of the Acute Retinal Necrosis syndrome
    American journal of ophthalmology, 2000
    Co-Authors: Jyotsom B Ganatra, Diane Chandler, Carmen Santos, Baruch D. Kuppermann, Todd P. Margolis
    Abstract:

    Abstract PURPOSE: The primary goal of this study was to determine the viral cause of the Acute Retinal Necrosis syndrome in 28 patients (30 eyes). A secondary goal was to investigate possible associations between viral cause and patient age, and viral cause and central nervous system disease. METHODS: A retrospective case series in which we reviewed the laboratory results and clinical histories of 28 patients (30 eyes) diagnosed with Acute Retinal Necrosis syndrome, from whom vitreous or aqueous specimens were received, for diagnostic evaluation using previously described polymerase chain reaction–based assays. RESULTS: Varicella-zoster virus, herpes simplex virus, and cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA were detected in aqueous and/or vitreous specimens from 27 of 28 patients (29 of 30 eyes with a clinical history of Acute Retinal Necrosis syndrome). No sample was positive for DNA from more than one virus. Varicella-zoster virus DNA was detected in 13 patients (15 eyes). Median age was 57 years. Herpes simplex virus type 1 DNA was detected in seven patients (seven eyes). Median age was 47 years. Six of these patients had a history of herpes simplex virus encephalitis. Herpes simplex virus type 2 DNA was detected in six patients (six eyes). Median age was 20 years. Three of these patients had a likely history of meningitis. Cytomegalovirus DNA was detected in one patient who was immunosuppressed iatrogenically. No viral DNA was detected in one patient from whom a sample was taken after 6 weeks of acyclovir therapy. CONCLUSIONS: The data suggest that varicella-zoster virus or herpes simplex virus type 1 cause Acute Retinal Necrosis syndrome in patients older than 25 years, whereas herpes simplex virus type 2 causes Acute Retinal Necrosis in patients younger than 25 years. A history of central nervous system infection in a patient with Acute Retinal Necrosis syndrome suggests that herpes simplex virus is likely to be the viral cause.

  • Cytomegalovirus-associated Acute Retinal Necrosis Syndrome
    American journal of ophthalmology, 1997
    Co-Authors: Bruce E. Silverstein, Diana Conrad, Todd P. Margolis, Ira G. Wong
    Abstract:

    Purpose To describe a case of Acute Retinal Necrosis syndrome in which a polymerase chain reaction-based assay provided evidence for cytomegalovirus as the causative agent of the syndrome. Methods Polymerase chain reaction-based assays were used to analyze a vitreous aspirate from a 70-year-old man with Acute Retinal Necrosis syndrome. The specimen was tested for cytomegalovirus, varicella-zoster virus, and herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2. Results The polymerase chain reaction assay for cytomegalovirus was positive, and polymerase chain reaction assays for varicella-zoster virus and herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 were negative. Conclusion Cytomegalovirus may be a causative agent of Acute Retinal Necrosis syndrome.

Marie Studahl - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.