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E V Smirnova - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • dynamic and thermodynamic models of Adaptation
    Physics of Life Reviews, 2021
    Co-Authors: Alexander N Gorban, T A Tyukina, L I Pokidysheva, E V Smirnova
    Abstract:

    Abstract The concept of biological Adaptation was closely connected to some mathematical, engineering and physical ideas from the very beginning. Cannon in his “The wisdom of the body” (1932) systematically used the engineering vision of regulation. In 1938, Selye enriched this approach by the notion of Adaptation Energy. This term causes much debate when one takes it literally, as a physical quantity, i.e. a sort of Energy. Selye did not use the language of mathematics systematically, but the formalization of his phenomenological theory in the spirit of thermodynamics was simple and led to verifiable predictions. In 1980s, the dynamics of correlation and variance in systems under Adaptation to a load of environmental factors were studied and the universal effect in ensembles of systems under a load of similar factors was discovered: in a crisis, as a rule, even before the onset of obvious symptoms of stress, the correlation increases together with variance (and volatility). During 30 years, this effect has been supported by many observations of groups of humans, mice, trees, grassy plants, and on financial time series. In the last ten years, these results were supplemented by many new experiments, from gene networks in cardiology and oncology to dynamics of depression and clinical psychotherapy. Several systems of models were developed: the thermodynamic-like theory of Adaptation of ensembles and several families of models of individual Adaptation. Historically, the first group of models was based on Selye's concept of Adaptation Energy and used fitness estimates. Two other groups of models are based on the idea of hidden attractor bifurcation and on the advection–diffusion model for distribution of population in the space of physiological attributes. We explore this world of models and experiments, starting with classic works, with particular attention to the results of the last ten years and open questions.

  • dynamic and thermodynamic models of Adaptation
    arXiv: Other Quantitative Biology, 2021
    Co-Authors: Alexander N Gorban, T A Tyukina, L I Pokidysheva, E V Smirnova
    Abstract:

    The concept of biological Adaptation was closely connected to some mathematical, engineering and physical ideas from the very beginning. Cannon in his "The wisdom of the body" (1932) used the engineering vision of regulation. In 1938, Selye enriched this approach by the notion of Adaptation Energy. This term causes much debate when one takes it literally, i.e. as a sort of Energy. Selye did not use the language of mathematics, but the formalization of his phenomenological theory in the spirit of thermodynamics was simple and led to verifiable predictions. In 1980s, the dynamics of correlation and variance in systems under Adaptation to a load of environmental factors were studied and the universal effect in ensembles of systems under a load of similar factors was discovered: in a crisis, as a rule, even before the onset of obvious symptoms of stress, the correlation increases together with variance (and volatility). During 30 years, this effect has been supported by many observations of groups of humans, mice, trees, grassy plants, and on financial time series. In the last ten years, these results were supplemented by many new experiments, from gene networks in cardiology and oncology to dynamics of depression and clinical psychotherapy. Several systems of models were developed: the thermodynamic-like theory of Adaptation of ensembles and several families of models of individual Adaptation. Historically, the first group of models was based on Selye's concept of Adaptation Energy and used fitness estimates. Two other groups of models are based on the idea of hidden attractor bifurcation and on the advection--diffusion model for distribution of population in the space of physiological attributes. We explore this world of models and experiments, starting with classic works, with particular attention to the results of the last ten years and open questions.

Alexander N Gorban - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • dynamic and thermodynamic models of Adaptation
    Physics of Life Reviews, 2021
    Co-Authors: Alexander N Gorban, T A Tyukina, L I Pokidysheva, E V Smirnova
    Abstract:

    Abstract The concept of biological Adaptation was closely connected to some mathematical, engineering and physical ideas from the very beginning. Cannon in his “The wisdom of the body” (1932) systematically used the engineering vision of regulation. In 1938, Selye enriched this approach by the notion of Adaptation Energy. This term causes much debate when one takes it literally, as a physical quantity, i.e. a sort of Energy. Selye did not use the language of mathematics systematically, but the formalization of his phenomenological theory in the spirit of thermodynamics was simple and led to verifiable predictions. In 1980s, the dynamics of correlation and variance in systems under Adaptation to a load of environmental factors were studied and the universal effect in ensembles of systems under a load of similar factors was discovered: in a crisis, as a rule, even before the onset of obvious symptoms of stress, the correlation increases together with variance (and volatility). During 30 years, this effect has been supported by many observations of groups of humans, mice, trees, grassy plants, and on financial time series. In the last ten years, these results were supplemented by many new experiments, from gene networks in cardiology and oncology to dynamics of depression and clinical psychotherapy. Several systems of models were developed: the thermodynamic-like theory of Adaptation of ensembles and several families of models of individual Adaptation. Historically, the first group of models was based on Selye's concept of Adaptation Energy and used fitness estimates. Two other groups of models are based on the idea of hidden attractor bifurcation and on the advection–diffusion model for distribution of population in the space of physiological attributes. We explore this world of models and experiments, starting with classic works, with particular attention to the results of the last ten years and open questions.

  • dynamic and thermodynamic models of Adaptation
    arXiv: Other Quantitative Biology, 2021
    Co-Authors: Alexander N Gorban, T A Tyukina, L I Pokidysheva, E V Smirnova
    Abstract:

    The concept of biological Adaptation was closely connected to some mathematical, engineering and physical ideas from the very beginning. Cannon in his "The wisdom of the body" (1932) used the engineering vision of regulation. In 1938, Selye enriched this approach by the notion of Adaptation Energy. This term causes much debate when one takes it literally, i.e. as a sort of Energy. Selye did not use the language of mathematics, but the formalization of his phenomenological theory in the spirit of thermodynamics was simple and led to verifiable predictions. In 1980s, the dynamics of correlation and variance in systems under Adaptation to a load of environmental factors were studied and the universal effect in ensembles of systems under a load of similar factors was discovered: in a crisis, as a rule, even before the onset of obvious symptoms of stress, the correlation increases together with variance (and volatility). During 30 years, this effect has been supported by many observations of groups of humans, mice, trees, grassy plants, and on financial time series. In the last ten years, these results were supplemented by many new experiments, from gene networks in cardiology and oncology to dynamics of depression and clinical psychotherapy. Several systems of models were developed: the thermodynamic-like theory of Adaptation of ensembles and several families of models of individual Adaptation. Historically, the first group of models was based on Selye's concept of Adaptation Energy and used fitness estimates. Two other groups of models are based on the idea of hidden attractor bifurcation and on the advection--diffusion model for distribution of population in the space of physiological attributes. We explore this world of models and experiments, starting with classic works, with particular attention to the results of the last ten years and open questions.

  • general laws of Adaptation to environmental factors from ecological stress to financial crisis
    Mathematical Modelling of Natural Phenomena, 2009
    Co-Authors: Alexander N Gorban, Elena V Smirnova, T A Tyukina
    Abstract:

    We study ensembles of similar systems under load of environmental factors. The phe- nomenon of Adaptation has similar properties for systems of different nature. Typically, when the load increases above some threshold, then the adapting systems become more different (variance increases), but the correlation increases too. If the stress continues to increase then the second threshold appears: the correlation achieves maximal value, and start to decrease, but the variance continue to increase. In many applications this second threshold is a signal of approaching of fatal outcome. This effect is supported by many experiments and observation of groups of humans, mice, trees, grassy plants, and on financial time series. A general approach to explanation of the effect through dynamics of Adaptation is developed. H. Selye introduced "Adaptation Energy" for explanation of Adaptation phenomena. We formalize this approach in factors - resource models and develop hierarchy of models of Adaptation. Different organization of interaction between factors (Liebig's versus synergistic systems) lead to different Adaptation dynamics. This gives an explanation to qualitatively different dynamics of correlation under different types of load and to some deviation from the typical reaction to stress. In addition to the "quasistatic" optimization factor - resource models, dynamical models of Adaptation are developed, and a simple model (three variables) for Adaptation to one factor load is formulated explicitly.

T A Tyukina - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • dynamic and thermodynamic models of Adaptation
    Physics of Life Reviews, 2021
    Co-Authors: Alexander N Gorban, T A Tyukina, L I Pokidysheva, E V Smirnova
    Abstract:

    Abstract The concept of biological Adaptation was closely connected to some mathematical, engineering and physical ideas from the very beginning. Cannon in his “The wisdom of the body” (1932) systematically used the engineering vision of regulation. In 1938, Selye enriched this approach by the notion of Adaptation Energy. This term causes much debate when one takes it literally, as a physical quantity, i.e. a sort of Energy. Selye did not use the language of mathematics systematically, but the formalization of his phenomenological theory in the spirit of thermodynamics was simple and led to verifiable predictions. In 1980s, the dynamics of correlation and variance in systems under Adaptation to a load of environmental factors were studied and the universal effect in ensembles of systems under a load of similar factors was discovered: in a crisis, as a rule, even before the onset of obvious symptoms of stress, the correlation increases together with variance (and volatility). During 30 years, this effect has been supported by many observations of groups of humans, mice, trees, grassy plants, and on financial time series. In the last ten years, these results were supplemented by many new experiments, from gene networks in cardiology and oncology to dynamics of depression and clinical psychotherapy. Several systems of models were developed: the thermodynamic-like theory of Adaptation of ensembles and several families of models of individual Adaptation. Historically, the first group of models was based on Selye's concept of Adaptation Energy and used fitness estimates. Two other groups of models are based on the idea of hidden attractor bifurcation and on the advection–diffusion model for distribution of population in the space of physiological attributes. We explore this world of models and experiments, starting with classic works, with particular attention to the results of the last ten years and open questions.

  • dynamic and thermodynamic models of Adaptation
    arXiv: Other Quantitative Biology, 2021
    Co-Authors: Alexander N Gorban, T A Tyukina, L I Pokidysheva, E V Smirnova
    Abstract:

    The concept of biological Adaptation was closely connected to some mathematical, engineering and physical ideas from the very beginning. Cannon in his "The wisdom of the body" (1932) used the engineering vision of regulation. In 1938, Selye enriched this approach by the notion of Adaptation Energy. This term causes much debate when one takes it literally, i.e. as a sort of Energy. Selye did not use the language of mathematics, but the formalization of his phenomenological theory in the spirit of thermodynamics was simple and led to verifiable predictions. In 1980s, the dynamics of correlation and variance in systems under Adaptation to a load of environmental factors were studied and the universal effect in ensembles of systems under a load of similar factors was discovered: in a crisis, as a rule, even before the onset of obvious symptoms of stress, the correlation increases together with variance (and volatility). During 30 years, this effect has been supported by many observations of groups of humans, mice, trees, grassy plants, and on financial time series. In the last ten years, these results were supplemented by many new experiments, from gene networks in cardiology and oncology to dynamics of depression and clinical psychotherapy. Several systems of models were developed: the thermodynamic-like theory of Adaptation of ensembles and several families of models of individual Adaptation. Historically, the first group of models was based on Selye's concept of Adaptation Energy and used fitness estimates. Two other groups of models are based on the idea of hidden attractor bifurcation and on the advection--diffusion model for distribution of population in the space of physiological attributes. We explore this world of models and experiments, starting with classic works, with particular attention to the results of the last ten years and open questions.

  • general laws of Adaptation to environmental factors from ecological stress to financial crisis
    Mathematical Modelling of Natural Phenomena, 2009
    Co-Authors: Alexander N Gorban, Elena V Smirnova, T A Tyukina
    Abstract:

    We study ensembles of similar systems under load of environmental factors. The phe- nomenon of Adaptation has similar properties for systems of different nature. Typically, when the load increases above some threshold, then the adapting systems become more different (variance increases), but the correlation increases too. If the stress continues to increase then the second threshold appears: the correlation achieves maximal value, and start to decrease, but the variance continue to increase. In many applications this second threshold is a signal of approaching of fatal outcome. This effect is supported by many experiments and observation of groups of humans, mice, trees, grassy plants, and on financial time series. A general approach to explanation of the effect through dynamics of Adaptation is developed. H. Selye introduced "Adaptation Energy" for explanation of Adaptation phenomena. We formalize this approach in factors - resource models and develop hierarchy of models of Adaptation. Different organization of interaction between factors (Liebig's versus synergistic systems) lead to different Adaptation dynamics. This gives an explanation to qualitatively different dynamics of correlation under different types of load and to some deviation from the typical reaction to stress. In addition to the "quasistatic" optimization factor - resource models, dynamical models of Adaptation are developed, and a simple model (three variables) for Adaptation to one factor load is formulated explicitly.

Open Building - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Open Building Academy - Video Lectures: A fascinating perspective on Open Building, given by (at least) five generations of architects
    1M Homes Initiative, 2021
    Co-Authors: Open Building
    Abstract:

    Open Building is a more than ever necessary instrument for city planning, building development and design processes. The building industry faces the task of drastically lowering its carbon and ecological footprint, by extending the lifespan of buildings, through adaptability. Open Building supports the transition to a society based on co-creation, participation, involvement and inclusion. The so-called supports or base-buildings form the ‘infrastructure’ for home-owners and users to inhabit and co-produce their environment. Open Building offers possibilities for new real estate development models and forms of co-ownership and co-making. The process of Open Building engages future users and residents in the early stages of a project, to foster a strong sense of ownership and belonging and contribute to community development. Open Building is a process open for ideas, for interpretation and participation, whilst at the same taking into account the challenges we are facing with climate Adaptation, Energy and material reduction and the transition towards a circular economy. The Open Building Academy started in September 2019. Students of the University of Applied Sciences in Amsterdam and Delft University of Technology research the Open Buildings, using the themes Open Development, Open Architecture and Open Systems. They will map the similarities and differences, study projects on their level of circularity and compare the various development processes. In 2020 the Open Building Academy took a different, online direction. Initiated and organized by John Habraken, Thijs Asselbergs and the aE studio students, the workshop and lecture series Open Building NOW! generated a fascinating perspective on Open Building, given by (at least) five generations of architects. You can watch all the videos here

L I Pokidysheva - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • dynamic and thermodynamic models of Adaptation
    Physics of Life Reviews, 2021
    Co-Authors: Alexander N Gorban, T A Tyukina, L I Pokidysheva, E V Smirnova
    Abstract:

    Abstract The concept of biological Adaptation was closely connected to some mathematical, engineering and physical ideas from the very beginning. Cannon in his “The wisdom of the body” (1932) systematically used the engineering vision of regulation. In 1938, Selye enriched this approach by the notion of Adaptation Energy. This term causes much debate when one takes it literally, as a physical quantity, i.e. a sort of Energy. Selye did not use the language of mathematics systematically, but the formalization of his phenomenological theory in the spirit of thermodynamics was simple and led to verifiable predictions. In 1980s, the dynamics of correlation and variance in systems under Adaptation to a load of environmental factors were studied and the universal effect in ensembles of systems under a load of similar factors was discovered: in a crisis, as a rule, even before the onset of obvious symptoms of stress, the correlation increases together with variance (and volatility). During 30 years, this effect has been supported by many observations of groups of humans, mice, trees, grassy plants, and on financial time series. In the last ten years, these results were supplemented by many new experiments, from gene networks in cardiology and oncology to dynamics of depression and clinical psychotherapy. Several systems of models were developed: the thermodynamic-like theory of Adaptation of ensembles and several families of models of individual Adaptation. Historically, the first group of models was based on Selye's concept of Adaptation Energy and used fitness estimates. Two other groups of models are based on the idea of hidden attractor bifurcation and on the advection–diffusion model for distribution of population in the space of physiological attributes. We explore this world of models and experiments, starting with classic works, with particular attention to the results of the last ten years and open questions.

  • dynamic and thermodynamic models of Adaptation
    arXiv: Other Quantitative Biology, 2021
    Co-Authors: Alexander N Gorban, T A Tyukina, L I Pokidysheva, E V Smirnova
    Abstract:

    The concept of biological Adaptation was closely connected to some mathematical, engineering and physical ideas from the very beginning. Cannon in his "The wisdom of the body" (1932) used the engineering vision of regulation. In 1938, Selye enriched this approach by the notion of Adaptation Energy. This term causes much debate when one takes it literally, i.e. as a sort of Energy. Selye did not use the language of mathematics, but the formalization of his phenomenological theory in the spirit of thermodynamics was simple and led to verifiable predictions. In 1980s, the dynamics of correlation and variance in systems under Adaptation to a load of environmental factors were studied and the universal effect in ensembles of systems under a load of similar factors was discovered: in a crisis, as a rule, even before the onset of obvious symptoms of stress, the correlation increases together with variance (and volatility). During 30 years, this effect has been supported by many observations of groups of humans, mice, trees, grassy plants, and on financial time series. In the last ten years, these results were supplemented by many new experiments, from gene networks in cardiology and oncology to dynamics of depression and clinical psychotherapy. Several systems of models were developed: the thermodynamic-like theory of Adaptation of ensembles and several families of models of individual Adaptation. Historically, the first group of models was based on Selye's concept of Adaptation Energy and used fitness estimates. Two other groups of models are based on the idea of hidden attractor bifurcation and on the advection--diffusion model for distribution of population in the space of physiological attributes. We explore this world of models and experiments, starting with classic works, with particular attention to the results of the last ten years and open questions.