The Experts below are selected from a list of 31548 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Hans Orru - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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climate change response in europe what s the reality analysis of Adaptation and mitigation Plans from 200 urban areas in 11 countries
Climatic Change, 2014Co-Authors: D Reckien, Johannes Flacke, Richard Dawson, O Heidrich, Marta Olazabal, Aoife Foley, Jp J Hamann, Hans OrruAbstract:Urban areas are pivotal to global Adaptation and mitigation efforts. But how do cities actually perform in terms of climate change response? This study sheds light on the state of urban climate change Adaptation and mitigation Planning across Europe. Europe is an excellent test case given its advanced environmental policies and high urbanization. We performed a detailed analysis of 200 large and medium-sized cities across 11 European countries and analysed the cities’ climate change Adaptation and mitigation Plans. We investigate the regional distribution of Plans, Adaptation and mitigation foci and the extent to which Planned greenhouse gas (GHG) reductions contribute to national and international climate objectives. To our knowledge, it is the first study of its kind as it does not rely on self-assessment (questionnaires or social surveys). Our results show that 35 % of European cities studied have no dedicated mitigation Plan and 72 % have no Adaptation Plan. No city has an Adaptation Plan without a mitigation Plan. One quarter of the cities have both an Adaptation and a mitigation Plan and set quantitative GHG reduction targets, but those vary extensively in scope and ambition. Furthermore, we show that if the Planned actions within cities are nationally representative the 11 countries investigated would achieve a 37 % reduction in GHG emissions by 2050, translating into a 27 % reduction in GHG emissions for the EU as a whole. However, the actions would often be insufficient to reach national targets and fall short of the 80 % reduction in GHG emissions recommended to avoid global mean temperature rising by 2 °C above pre-industrial levels.
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climate change response in europe what s the reality analysis of Adaptation and mitigation Plans from 200 urban areas in 11 countries
Climatic Change, 2014Co-Authors: D Reckien, Johannes Flacke, Richard Dawson, O Heidrich, Marta Olazabal, Aoife Foley, Jp J Hamann, Hans OrruAbstract:Urban areas are pivotal to global Adaptation and mitigation efforts. But how do cities actually perform in terms of climate change response? This study sheds light on the state of urban climate change Adaptation and mitigation Planning across Europe. Europe is an excellent test case given its advanced environmental policies and high urbanization. We performed a detailed analysis of 200 large and medium-sized cities across 11 European countries and analysed the cities’ climate change Adaptation and mitigation Plans. We investigate the regional distribution of Plans, Adaptation and mitigation foci and the extent to which Planned greenhouse gas (GHG) reductions contribute to national and international climate objectives. To our knowledge, it is the first study of its kind as it does not rely on self-assessment (questionnaires or social surveys). Our results show that 35 % of European cities studied have no dedicated mitigation Plan and 72 % have no Adaptation Plan. No city has an Adaptation Plan without a mitigation Plan. One quarter of the cities have both an Adaptation and a mitigation Plan and set quantitative GHG reduction targets, but those vary extensively in scope and ambition. Furthermore, we show that if the Planned actions within cities are nationally representative the 11 countries investigated would achieve a 37 % reduction in GHG emissions by 2050, translating into a 27 % reduction in GHG emissions for the EU as a whole. However, the actions would often be insufficient to reach national targets and fall short of the 80 % reduction in GHG emissions recommended to avoid global mean temperature rising by 2 °C above pre-industrial levels. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2014
Filipe Duarte Santos - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Integrating a hydrological model into regional water policies: Co-creation of climate change dynamic adaptive policy pathways for water resources in southern Portugal
Environmental Science and Policy, 2020Co-Authors: Luís Filipe Dias, Bruno Aparício, João Pedro Nunes, Inês Morais, Ana Lúcia Fonseca, Amandine Valérie Pastor, Filipe Duarte SantosAbstract:Irrigation is essential for a large part of Mediterranean agricultural systems, but scarce resources may cause conflicts between agricultural and domestic uses. These conflicts might be exacerbated by climate change, which could bring a drier climate and thus increase irrigation water demands while lowering supplies. These issues were addressed when designing a climate change Adaptation Plan for water resources in the Algarve region (southern Portugal), which was co-created between hydrologists and local stakeholders and policy-makers, by using the Dynamic Adaptive Policy Pathways (DAPP) approach to synthetize and communicate the results from hydrological modelling of future scenarios. The evolution of water availability and irrigation demands for key water assets in Algarve (southern Portugal) were simulated until 2100 for climate scenarios RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, using a modified version of Thornthwaite-Mather. The results show an increase in water stress, mainly in the RCP8.5 scenario. The results and need for Adaptation were discussed with local and regional decision-makers and other stakeholders, and a set of Adaptation measures was agreed upon. The discussed Adaptation measures were then modelled and integrated the design of tailor-made DAPP. Finally, decision-makers and stakeholders were presented with DAPP and selected the most suitable and political reliable Adaptation pathway that tackles projected climate change impacts in water resources until the end of the 21 st century. Stakeholders showed a strong preference for incremental and distributed small-scale measures, including the promotion of water use efficiency and landscape water retention, to large-scale measures such as wastewater recycling or new dams. A decrease in irrigation water use for agriculture was not considered socially desirable. Desalination was considered too costly for irrigation in the short term but kept in reserve in case other measures fail to keep water supplies at an acceptable level.
Fahim N. Tonmoy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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from science to policy development of a climate change Adaptation Plan for the health and wellbeing sector in queensland australia
Environmental Science & Policy, 2020Co-Authors: Fiona Armstrong, Susan M. Cooke, Fahim N. Tonmoy, David RissikAbstract:Abstract The science of climate change and its impacts on health makes it clear that human health and wellbeing will be increasingly negatively impacted as a result of climate change. The health and wellbeing sector must respond to these growing pressures in order to continue to provide safe, quality care. Adaptation and mitigation policies need to be developed at different scales, including at a regional government level. Numerous challenges exist; for example, the necessity for collaboration between multiple agencies across scales, the tailoring of policies to the health issues specific to regions, and constraints on existing regional and local resources and adaptive capacities, to name a few. This paper presents a multi-disciplinary collaborative approach used to develop a regional scale climate Adaptation Plan with the health sector. Starting from a scientific understanding of climate change impact on the health sector in Queensland, Australia, the approach used an innovative engagement strategy to a) better understand awareness of relevant stakeholders about current and future climate change impact on the health of the population and on service provision, b) identify on-ground barriers to effective Adaptation faced by the sector stakeholders, c) identify opportunities and benefits which would arise from Adaptation, and d) identify what conditions or support stakeholders required to overcome those barriers, take advantage of opportunities, and achieve benefits from Adaptation. Analysis of these findings guided the development of specific policy directions for the sector. We found direct engagement between various key stakeholders such as health service providers (e.g. hospitals), critical infrastructure providers, academics, local government authorities, and sub-sectors such as aged care and early childhood care facilities, was a critical element of translating scientific evidence of climate change impacts on human health into a regional Adaptation policy for the health and wellbeing sector. The resulting policy, grounded in the reality and experience of health and wellbeing sector stakeholders, reflects their insights and concerns, and served to develop a level of sectoral ‘ownership’ (not ‘top-down’ imposition) which will be important for its successful ongoing development and implementation.
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Human Health and Wellbeing Climate Change Adaptation Plan for Queensland
2018Co-Authors: Fiona Armstrong, Susan M. Cooke, David Rissik, Fahim N. TonmoyAbstract:The Queensland Department of Environment and Science (DES) engaged the National Climate Change Adaptation Research Facility (NCCARF) and the Climate and Health Alliance (CAHA) to develop a Human Health and Wellbeing Climate Adaptation Plan (H-CAP) with the health, aged care and childcare sectors in Queensland. This is one of the eight sector Adaptation Plans, developed as part of Queensland Climate Adaptation Strategy (QCAS). The Plan was launched at the Lady Cilento Children’s Hospital in Brisbane on the 11th September 2018 by the Minister for Health and Ambulance Services, the Honourable Dr Stephen Miles. The goal of the H-CAP is to support human health and wellbeing services to be innovative and resilient in managing the risks associated with a changing climate, and to harness the opportunities provided by responding to the challenges of climate change. It provides a preliminary climate change Adaptation framework and guidance for stakeholders across health care, aged care, and childcare services.
Yvan Caballero - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Integrating top–down and bottom–up approaches to design global change Adaptation at the river basin scale
Global Environmental Change, 2015Co-Authors: Corentin Girard, Manuel Pulido-velazquez, Jean-daniel Rinaudo, Christian Pagé, Yvan CaballeroAbstract:The high uncertainty associated with the effect of global change on water resource systems calls for a better combination of conventional top–down and bottom–up approaches, in order to design robust Adaptation Plans at the local scale. The methodological framework presented in this article introduces “bottom–up meets top–down” integrated approach to support the selection of Adaptation measures at the river basin level by comprehensively integrating the goals of economic efficiency, social acceptability, environmental sustainability and Adaptation robustness. The top–down approach relies on the use of a chain of models to assess the impact of global change on water resources and its adaptive management over a range of climate projections. Future demand scenarios and locally prioritised Adaptation measures are identified following a bottom–up approach through a participatory process with the relevant stakeholders and experts. The optimal combinations of Adaptation measures are then selected using a hydro-economic model at basin scale for each climate projection. The resulting Adaptation portfolios are, finally, climate checked to define a robust least-regret programme of measures based on trade-offs between Adaptation costs and the reliability of supply for agricultural demands. This innovative approach has been applied to a Mediterranean basin, the Orb river basin (France). Mid-term climate projections, downscaled from 9 General Climate Models, are used to assess the uncertainty associated with climate projections. Demand evolution scenarios are developed to project agricultural and urban water demands on the 2030 time horizon. The results derived from the integration of the bottom–up and top–down approaches illustrate the sensitivity of the Adaptation strategies to the climate projections, and provide an assessment of the trade-offs between the performance of the water resource system and the cost of the Adaptation Plan to inform local decision-making. The article contributes new methodological elements for the development of an integrated framework for decision-making under climate change uncertainty, advocating an interdisciplinary approach that bridges the gap between bottom–up and top–down approaches.
Corentin Girard - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Integrating top-down and bottom-up approaches to design a cost-effective and equitable programme of measures for Adaptation of a river basin to global change.
2015Co-Authors: Corentin GirardAbstract:Adaptation to global change challenges at the river basin scale requires selecting from demand and supply management measures in a context of high uncertainty on future conditions. Given the interdependency of water users, agreements need to be found at the local level to implement the most effective Adaptation measures. Therefore, this thesis develops an approach combining economics and water resources engineering to: select a cost-effective programme of Adaptation measures in the context of climate change uncertainty; and define an equitable allocation of the cost of the Adaptation Plan between the stakeholders involved. The framework developed integrates inputs from the two main approaches commonly used to Plan for Adaptation. The first, referred to as “top-down”, estimates the impact on the local water resources from different climate change scenarios at the global level. Conversely, the second, called “bottom-up”, starts by assessing vulnerability at the local level to then identify Adaptation measures to face an uncertain future. Outcomes from the previous approaches applied in the Orb River basin (France) are integrated to select a cost-effective combination of Adaptation measures through a least-cost optimization model developed at the river basin scale. Supply-side infrastructure development measures are considered, as well as demand-side household water conservation measures or irrigation efficiency improvement. The model is then used to investigate the trade-offs between different Planning objectives and to identify robust and least-regret Adaptation measures. The issue of allocating the cost of the Adaptation Plan is considered from two complementary perspectives. The outcome of a negotiation process between the stakeholders is modelled through the implementation of cooperative game theory to define cost allocation scenarios. These results are then compared with cost allocation rules based on social justice principles to provide contrasted insights into a negotiation process. The interdisciplinary framework developed during this thesis combines economics and water resources engineering methods, creating a promising means of bridging the gap between bottom-up and top-down approaches and supporting the definition of cost-effective and equitable Adaptation Plans at the local level.
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Integrating top–down and bottom–up approaches to design global change Adaptation at the river basin scale
Global Environmental Change, 2015Co-Authors: Corentin Girard, Manuel Pulido-velazquez, Jean-daniel Rinaudo, Christian Pagé, Yvan CaballeroAbstract:The high uncertainty associated with the effect of global change on water resource systems calls for a better combination of conventional top–down and bottom–up approaches, in order to design robust Adaptation Plans at the local scale. The methodological framework presented in this article introduces “bottom–up meets top–down” integrated approach to support the selection of Adaptation measures at the river basin level by comprehensively integrating the goals of economic efficiency, social acceptability, environmental sustainability and Adaptation robustness. The top–down approach relies on the use of a chain of models to assess the impact of global change on water resources and its adaptive management over a range of climate projections. Future demand scenarios and locally prioritised Adaptation measures are identified following a bottom–up approach through a participatory process with the relevant stakeholders and experts. The optimal combinations of Adaptation measures are then selected using a hydro-economic model at basin scale for each climate projection. The resulting Adaptation portfolios are, finally, climate checked to define a robust least-regret programme of measures based on trade-offs between Adaptation costs and the reliability of supply for agricultural demands. This innovative approach has been applied to a Mediterranean basin, the Orb river basin (France). Mid-term climate projections, downscaled from 9 General Climate Models, are used to assess the uncertainty associated with climate projections. Demand evolution scenarios are developed to project agricultural and urban water demands on the 2030 time horizon. The results derived from the integration of the bottom–up and top–down approaches illustrate the sensitivity of the Adaptation strategies to the climate projections, and provide an assessment of the trade-offs between the performance of the water resource system and the cost of the Adaptation Plan to inform local decision-making. The article contributes new methodological elements for the development of an integrated framework for decision-making under climate change uncertainty, advocating an interdisciplinary approach that bridges the gap between bottom–up and top–down approaches.