The Experts below are selected from a list of 33303 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Maciej Wiśniewolski - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • k hartman watson distributions a study on distributional dependencies between Functionals of geometric brownian motion gig and hartman watson distributions
    Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications, 2020
    Co-Authors: Maciej Wiśniewolski
    Abstract:

    Abstract The new general results for Brownian motion Functionals are obtained by introducing the so called K-transforms of the special function u. The transforms lead to the new distributions called here K-Hartman-Watson distributions. They are counterparts to the classical Hartman-Watson distributions, but with respect to the state-space variable. It is shown that the distribution of geometric Brownian motion e B t and its Additive Functional A t are described by the composition of General Inverse Gaussian (GIG) distribution with K-Hartman-Watson distribution. As a consequence two distributional dependencies are presented: the first between the distribution of GIG distribution on R + and the distribution of Functional A t , and the second one, between the distribution of GIG on a hyperplane and the distribution of the vector ( A t , e B t ) .

Daniel Josell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • electrodeposition of copper in the sps peg cl Additive system i kinetic measurements influence of sps
    Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 2004
    Co-Authors: Thomas P Moffat, Daniel Wheeler, Daniel Josell
    Abstract:

    1to form a passivating film that inhibits the metal deposition rate by two orders of magnitude. Subsequent adsorption of short chain disulfide or thiol molecules with a sulfonate-end group~s! leads to the disruption and/or displacement of the passivating surface complex and acceleration of the metal deposition rate. The effect of submonolayer quantities of catalytic SPS is sustained even after extensive metal deposition, indicating that the catalyst largely remains segregated on the growth surface. Multicycle voltammetry reveals a significant potential dependence for SPS adsorption as well as its subsequent deactivation. Catalyst deactivation, or consumption, was examined by monitoring the quenching of the metal deposition rate occurring on SPS-derivatized electrodes in a SPS-free electrolyte. Catalyst consumption is a higher order process in terms of its coverage dependence and a maximum deactivation rate is observed near an overpotential of 20.1 V. Derivatization experiments are shown to be particularly effective in revealing the influence of molecular Functionality in Additive electroplating. Specifically, the charged sulfonate end group is shown to be central to effective catalysis. In the last three years, a curvature-enhanced accelerator coverage ~CEAC! mechanism has been shown to quantitatively describe superconformal film growth which is responsible for ‘‘bottom-up superfilling’’ of submicrometer features in damascene processing. 1-3 The mechanism has also been shown to apply to silver electrodeposition 4 as well as copper chemical vapor deposition. 5 A key characteristic of superfilling electrolytes, disclosed to date, is the competition between inhibitors and accelerators for electrode surface sites. According to the CEAC model, a thiol or disulfide accelerator, or catalyst, displaces an inhibiting halide-cuprouspolyether species from the interface and remains segregated at the surface during metal deposition. 1-3,6,7 A key consequence of these two stipulations is the possibility that local area change associated with metal deposition on a nonplanar surface may give rise to changes in the local catalyst coverage, ~e.g., increases on concave sections and decreases on convex segments! and thereby superconformal film growth. This process is particularly important for surface profiles with dimensions in the submicrometer regime and naturally provides an explanation for the beneficial effects induced by certain Additives known as ‘‘brighteners.’’ 1,6 In this first of a series of papers, a more complete assessment of the electrochemical response of planar electrodes in copper superfilling electrolytes is presented. A typical electrolyte contains a dilute, i.e., micromolar, concentration of accelerator in the presence of an inhibitor concentration that is usually an order of magnitude greater. This configuration gives rise to hysteretic voltammetric curves, rising chronoamperometric transients, and decreasing chronopotentiometric traces, all of which reflect the competitive adsorption dynamics occurring between the two species. An underdeveloped aspect of this system is a quantitative description of the mass balance of the Additives during plating. Of specific interest is the partitioning of the catalyst between segregation to the free surface vs. deactivation by either incorporation into the growing deposit or desorption into the electrolyte. Examination of the metal deposition kinetics on catalyst-derivatized electrodes in a catalyst-free electrolyte is shown to be particularly helpful in quantifying the deactivation process. These experiments also provide an avenue for exploring the impact of various Additive Functional groups on the metal deposition kinetics. Experimental

  • electrodeposition of copper in the sps peg cl Additive system i kinetic measurements influence of sps
    Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 2004
    Co-Authors: Thomas P Moffat, Daniel Wheeler, Daniel Josell
    Abstract:

    1to form a passivating film that inhibits the metal deposition rate by two orders of magnitude. Subsequent adsorption of short chain disulfide or thiol molecules with a sulfonate-end group~s! leads to the disruption and/or displacement of the passivating surface complex and acceleration of the metal deposition rate. The effect of submonolayer quantities of catalytic SPS is sustained even after extensive metal deposition, indicating that the catalyst largely remains segregated on the growth surface. Multicycle voltammetry reveals a significant potential dependence for SPS adsorption as well as its subsequent deactivation. Catalyst deactivation, or consumption, was examined by monitoring the quenching of the metal deposition rate occurring on SPS-derivatized electrodes in a SPS-free electrolyte. Catalyst consumption is a higher order process in terms of its coverage dependence and a maximum deactivation rate is observed near an overpotential of 20.1 V. Derivatization experiments are shown to be particularly effective in revealing the influence of molecular Functionality in Additive electroplating. Specifically, the charged sulfonate end group is shown to be central to effective catalysis. In the last three years, a curvature-enhanced accelerator coverage ~CEAC! mechanism has been shown to quantitatively describe superconformal film growth which is responsible for ‘‘bottom-up superfilling’’ of submicrometer features in damascene processing. 1-3 The mechanism has also been shown to apply to silver electrodeposition 4 as well as copper chemical vapor deposition. 5 A key characteristic of superfilling electrolytes, disclosed to date, is the competition between inhibitors and accelerators for electrode surface sites. According to the CEAC model, a thiol or disulfide accelerator, or catalyst, displaces an inhibiting halide-cuprouspolyether species from the interface and remains segregated at the surface during metal deposition. 1-3,6,7 A key consequence of these two stipulations is the possibility that local area change associated with metal deposition on a nonplanar surface may give rise to changes in the local catalyst coverage, ~e.g., increases on concave sections and decreases on convex segments! and thereby superconformal film growth. This process is particularly important for surface profiles with dimensions in the submicrometer regime and naturally provides an explanation for the beneficial effects induced by certain Additives known as ‘‘brighteners.’’ 1,6 In this first of a series of papers, a more complete assessment of the electrochemical response of planar electrodes in copper superfilling electrolytes is presented. A typical electrolyte contains a dilute, i.e., micromolar, concentration of accelerator in the presence of an inhibitor concentration that is usually an order of magnitude greater. This configuration gives rise to hysteretic voltammetric curves, rising chronoamperometric transients, and decreasing chronopotentiometric traces, all of which reflect the competitive adsorption dynamics occurring between the two species. An underdeveloped aspect of this system is a quantitative description of the mass balance of the Additives during plating. Of specific interest is the partitioning of the catalyst between segregation to the free surface vs. deactivation by either incorporation into the growing deposit or desorption into the electrolyte. Examination of the metal deposition kinetics on catalyst-derivatized electrodes in a catalyst-free electrolyte is shown to be particularly helpful in quantifying the deactivation process. These experiments also provide an avenue for exploring the impact of various Additive Functional groups on the metal deposition kinetics. Experimental

Vasileios Bampidis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Safety and efficacy of an Additive consisting of phyllite, natural mixture of minerals of metamorphic origin, as a feed Additive for all animal species (Marmorkalkwerk Troesch GmbH & Co. KG)
    'Wiley', 2021
    Co-Authors: Efsa Panel on Additives And Products Or Substances Used In Animal Feed, Maria De Lourdes Bastos, Birgit Dusemund, Vasileios Bampidis, Giovanna Azimonti, Henrik Christensen, Maryline Kouba, Mojca Kos Durjava, Marta López‐alonso, Secundino López Puente
    Abstract:

    Abstract Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on phyllite, a natural mixture of minerals of metamorphic origin, as a feed Additive for all animal species. The Additive, specified to contain at least 40% of mica, muscovite, illite, chlorite and talc as the main components, and maximum 60% of quartz, potassium‐feldspar, sodium‐feldspar and calcite, is intended for use as a technological Additive (Functional groups: (i) anticaking agents) in premixtures and feedingstuffs for all animal species at a maximum inclusion level of 25,000 mg/kg. The Additive is safe for chickens for fattening and chickens reared for laying/breeding at the maximum inclusion level of 25,000 mg/kg feed, with no margin of safety determined. Owing the absence of data in pigs and ruminants and in the absence of data on the potential genotoxicity of the Additive, the Panel is not in the position to conclude on the safety of the Additive for any other animal species/categories. The Additive is considered safe for the consumers and the environment at the proposed conditions of use. In the absence of data, the FEEDAP Panel cannot conclude on the potential of the Additive to be a skin and eye irritant and skin sensitiser. Exposure via inhalation is considered a risk. The FEEDAP Panel is not in the position to conclude on the efficacy of the Additive as an anticaking agent

  • Safety and efficacy of a feed Additive consisting of titanium dioxide for all animal species (Kronos International, Inc.)
    'Wiley', 2021
    Co-Authors: Efsa Panel on Additives And Products Or Substances Used In Animal Feed, Maria De Lourdes Bastos, Birgit Dusemund, Vasileios Bampidis, Giovanna Azimonti, Henrik Christensen, Maryline Kouba, Mojca Kos Durjava, Marta López‐alonso, Secundino López Puente
    Abstract:

    Abstract Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of titanium dioxide (TiO2) for all animal species. TiO2 is applied to be used as a sensory Additive (Functional group: colourants; i) substances that add or restore colour in feedingstuffs). The specification for TiO2 used as feed Additive meets the specifications of TiO2 used as food Additive. The EFSA Panel on Food Additive and Flavourings (FAF) concluded that TiO2 (E171) can no longer be considered as safe when used as a food Additive. The EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) endorses this conclusion and considers that it also applies to TiO2 as a feed Additive for all animal species. TiO2 is absorbed to a low extent; however, particles of TiO2 can accumulate in the body due to their long half‐life. The genotoxicity of TiO2 particles cannot be ruled out raising potential concerns on the safety of the Additive for the target species (especially for long‐living animals and reproductive animals), consumers and user. Considering this fact and the absence of specific data related to its use as a feed Additive, the Panel cannot conclude on the safety of TiO2 for the target species, consumers and environment. In the absence of studies with the Additive under assessment, the Panel cannot conclude on the assessment of the effects of the Additive on eyes and skin. TiO2 is potentially carcinogenic to workers if inhaled. The concern for genotoxicity of TiO2 particles cannot be ruled out, this should be considered as an additional potential concern to users handling the Additive. TiO2 is efficacious in colouring the food for cats and dogs at a minimum content of 1%

  • Statement on the safety and efficacy of the feed Additive consisting on tragacanth gum for all animal species (Association for International Promotion of Gums)
    'Wiley', 2021
    Co-Authors: Efsa Panel on Additives And Products Or Substances Used In Animal Feed, Maria De Lourdes Bastos, Birgit Dusemund, Vasileios Bampidis, Giovanna Azimonti, Henrik Christensen, Maryline Kouba, Mojca Kos Durjava, Marta López‐alonso, Secundino López Puente
    Abstract:

    Abstract The Additive tragacanth gum is intended to be used as a technological Additive (category: technological Additive; Functional groups: emulsifier, stabiliser, thickener, gelling agent) for all animal species. The Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) assessed the data provided by the applicant in the technical dossier. During the course of the assessment, the need for additional information in order to be able to deliver an opinion on the safety and efficacy of this Additive was identified and notified to the applicant. The information requested covered the characterisation and identification, the safety for the target species and the efficacy of the Additive. The applicant has failed to provide the additional information. Therefore, considering the data provided in the original dossier and the absence of response from the applicant to the requests from EFSA, the FEEDAP Panel is not in a position to deliver an opinion on the safety and efficacy of the Additive tragacanth gum as a technological Additive for all animal species

  • Safety of lignosulphonate for all animal species
    'Wiley', 2020
    Co-Authors: Vasileios Bampidis, Birgit Dusemund, Giovanna Azimonti, Marta López-alonso, M.d.l. Bastos, H. Christensen, M. Kouba, Kos M. Durjava, Lopez S. Puente, F. Marcon
    Abstract:

    Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of lignosulphonate, when used as a technological Additive, Functional group: binders. In a previous opinion, the FEEDAP Panel could not conclude on the safety of the Additive for target species and for the environment. The applicant provided additional information that was assessed in the current opinion. As regards the safety for the target species, the maximum recommended content of lignosulphonate of 10,000 mg/kg complete feed is considered safe in weaned piglet. A safe concentration of lignosulphonate in feed for salmonids and dairy cows could not be identified. The FEEDAP Panel reiterates also its previous conclusions that \u201810,000 mg lignosulphonate/kg complete feed is safe for chickens for fattening, laying hens and cattle for fattening but a margin of safety cannot be identified. Therefore, this conclusion cannot be extended to all animal species/categories\u2019. Considering the absence of adverse effects confirmed by all the ecotoxicity studies up to very high concentrations, no concerns for the environment are expected from the use of this Additive in animal nutrition according the conditions of use. Lignosulphonate is efficacious as pellet binder

  • Safety and efficacy of aluminosilicate of sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium as a feed Additive for pigs.
    EFSA Journal, 2019
    Co-Authors: Efsa Panel On Additives, Maria De Lourdes Bastos, Birgit Dusemund, Vasileios Bampidis, Giovanna Azimonti, Henrik Christensen, Maryline Kouba, Mojca Kos Durjava, Marta López-alonso, Secundino López Puente
    Abstract:

    Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on aluminosilicate of sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium as a feed Additive for pigs. The Additive, that contains at least 66% of aluminosilicate of sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium as main component, is intended for use as a technological Additive (Functional groups: (i) anticaking agents) in premixtures and feedingstuffs for pigs at a maximum inclusion level of 30,000 mg/kg. In the absence of data, the FEEDAP Panel could not conclude on the safety of the Additive for the target species and the users. The Additive is considered safe for the consumer and the environment at the proposed conditions of use. The Additive has the potential to act as an anticaking agent in complete feed of pigs at a concentration of 30,000 mg/kg feed.

F. Marcon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Safety of lignosulphonate for all animal species
    'Wiley', 2020
    Co-Authors: Vasileios Bampidis, Birgit Dusemund, Giovanna Azimonti, Marta López-alonso, M.d.l. Bastos, H. Christensen, M. Kouba, Kos M. Durjava, Lopez S. Puente, F. Marcon
    Abstract:

    Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of lignosulphonate, when used as a technological Additive, Functional group: binders. In a previous opinion, the FEEDAP Panel could not conclude on the safety of the Additive for target species and for the environment. The applicant provided additional information that was assessed in the current opinion. As regards the safety for the target species, the maximum recommended content of lignosulphonate of 10,000 mg/kg complete feed is considered safe in weaned piglet. A safe concentration of lignosulphonate in feed for salmonids and dairy cows could not be identified. The FEEDAP Panel reiterates also its previous conclusions that \u201810,000 mg lignosulphonate/kg complete feed is safe for chickens for fattening, laying hens and cattle for fattening but a margin of safety cannot be identified. Therefore, this conclusion cannot be extended to all animal species/categories\u2019. Considering the absence of adverse effects confirmed by all the ecotoxicity studies up to very high concentrations, no concerns for the environment are expected from the use of this Additive in animal nutrition according the conditions of use. Lignosulphonate is efficacious as pellet binder

  • Safety and efficacy of sorbitan monolaurate as a feed Additive for all animal species
    'Wiley', 2019
    Co-Authors: Vasileios Bampidis, Birgit Dusemund, Giovanna Azimonti, Marta López-alonso, M.d.l. Bastos, H. Christensen, M. Kouba, Kos M. Durjava, Lopez S. Puente, F. Marcon
    Abstract:

    The Additive sorbitan monolaurate consists of sorbitol (and its anhydrides) esterified with fatty acids derived from coconut oil. It is intended to be used as a technological Additive, Functional group: emulsifier, in feedingstuffs for all animal species, at a maximum concentration of 85 mg/kg complete feed. The EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) concluded that sorbitan monolaurate is safe for all animal species at the proposed maximum content of 85 mg/kg complete feed and that the use of sorbitan monolaurate in animal nutrition is not expected to pose a risk for the consumer under the proposed conditions of use. Users are unlikely to be exposed to sorbitan monolaurate via inhalation. Sorbitan monolaurate is irritant to skin and eyes and it is not considered a skin sensitiser. Owing the lack of data, the FEEDAP Panel cannot conclude on the safety of the Additive for the environment. Sorbitan monolaurate is authorised for use as a food Additive with the function of emulsifier. The technological effect underlying its use as a food Additive could reasonably be expected to be seen when used in feed

  • Safety and efficacy of Natuphos® E (6-phytase) as a feed Additive for laying hens, minor poultry and other avian species for laying
    'Wiley', 2019
    Co-Authors: Vasileios Bampidis, Birgit Dusemund, Giovanna Azimonti, Marta López-alonso, M.d.l. Bastos, H. Christensen, M. Kouba, Kos M. Durjava, Lopez S. Puente, F. Marcon
    Abstract:

    Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of Natuphos\uae E (6-phytase) as a feed Additive for laying hens, minor poultry and other avian species for laying. The Additive Natuphos\uae E consists of 6-phytase (phytase; Enzyme Commission Number 3.1.3.26) and is intended to be used as a feed Additive for laying hens, minor poultry and other avian species for laying as a zootechnical Additive, Functional group of digestibility enhancers. This Additive was previously assessed by the FEEDAP Panel in 2017 for avian and porcine species. The production strain of the phytase present in the product is a genetically modified strain of Aspergillus niger. Based on the previous opinion, the FEEDAP Panel concluded that the genetic modification of the production strain does not give rise to safety concerns. The production strain and its DNA were not detected in the concentrate used to formulate the products. The FEEDAP Panel previously concluded that the Additive was safe for the target species, consumers and the environment when used at 200 FTU/kg feed. The Additive Natuphos\uae E is not considered to be toxic by inhalation or irritant for skin or eye; however, it should be regarded as a dermal sensitiser and a potential respiratory sensitiser. The Additive has the potential to be efficacious in improving the performance and/or the phosphorus utilisation in laying hens at 200 FTU/kg feed; the conclusions drawn in laying hens can be extrapolated to all minor poultry and other avian species for laying

  • Safety and efficacy of Bergazym® P100 (endo-1,4-β-xylanase) as a feed Additive for other birds for fattening, ornamental birds and other growing Suidae
    'Wiley', 2019
    Co-Authors: Vasileios Bampidis, Maria De Lourdes Bastos, Birgit Dusemund, Giovanna Azimonti, Marta López-alonso, H. Christensen, M. Kouba, Kos M. Durjava, Lopez S. Puente, F. Marcon
    Abstract:

    Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of Bergazym\uae P100 (endo-1,4-\u3b2-xylanase, produced by a non-genetically modified strain of Trichoderma reesei) as a feed Additive for other birds for fattening, ornamental birds and other growing Suidae. Considering the high margin of safety observed in the tolerance studies in chickens for fattening and in weaned piglets, and that the recommended level is the same, the Panel extrapolates the conclusions reached in chickens for fattening to all poultry species for fattening and ornamental birds and extrapolates the conclusions reached in weaned piglets to other growing Suidae species. Therefore, Bergazym\uae P100 containing endo-1,4-\u3b2-xylanase as active substance is considered safe in other birds for fattening, ornamental birds and other growing Suidae at the recommended dose of 1,500 EPU/kg feed. The Additive is considered safe for the consumer and the environment. The Additive is not irritant to the eyes and the skin, but it is considered a potential skin and respiratory sensitiser. The Additive has the potential to be efficacious as a zootechnical Additive, Functional group \u2018digestibility enhancers\u2019, in other birds for fattening, ornamental birds and other growing Suidae at the recommended dose of 1,500 EPU/kg feed

  • Safety and efficacy of Calsporin ® (Bacillus subtilis DSM 15544) for all poultry species
    'Wiley', 2019
    Co-Authors: Vasileios Bampidis, Birgit Dusemund, Giovanna Azimonti, Marta López-alonso, M.d.l. Bastos, H. Christensen, M. Kouba, Kos M. Durjava, Lopez S. Puente, F. Marcon
    Abstract:

    The Additive Calsporin \uae is a preparation of viable spores of Bacillus subtilis DSM 15544, at a minimum declared concentration of 1  7 10 10  colony forming units (CFU)/g Additive. The Additive is authorised as a zootechnical Additive (Functional group: gut flora stabiliser) for use in chickens for fattening, weaned piglets, chickens reared for laying, turkeys, minor avian species and other ornamental and game birds, laying hens and ornamental fish, dogs, in sows and in suckling piglets. This opinion concerns a request for a modification of the terms of the authorisation, reducing the minimum content in complete feed for chickens for fattening from the authorised concentration of 5  7 10 8  CFU/kg feed to a concentration of 3  7 10 8  CFU/kg feed and for an authorisation for the use of the Additive for all poultry species. The active agent fulfils the requirements of the qualified presumption of safety (QPS) approach to the assessment of safety and no concerns are expected from other components of the Additive. Consequently, Calsporin \uae is considered safe for the target animals, the consumers and for the environment. The Additive is not a dermal/eye irritant or a skin sensitiser but should be considered a potential respiratory sensitiser. The Additive has the potential to be efficacious as a zootechnical Additive in feedingstuffs for chickens for fattening at the level of 3  7 10 8  CFU/kg complete feed. Considering that efficacy at the same level has been shown in laying hens and turkeys, this conclusion is extrapolated to all poultry species and categories

Maria De Lourdes Bastos - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Safety and efficacy of an Additive consisting of phyllite, natural mixture of minerals of metamorphic origin, as a feed Additive for all animal species (Marmorkalkwerk Troesch GmbH & Co. KG)
    'Wiley', 2021
    Co-Authors: Efsa Panel on Additives And Products Or Substances Used In Animal Feed, Maria De Lourdes Bastos, Birgit Dusemund, Vasileios Bampidis, Giovanna Azimonti, Henrik Christensen, Maryline Kouba, Mojca Kos Durjava, Marta López‐alonso, Secundino López Puente
    Abstract:

    Abstract Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on phyllite, a natural mixture of minerals of metamorphic origin, as a feed Additive for all animal species. The Additive, specified to contain at least 40% of mica, muscovite, illite, chlorite and talc as the main components, and maximum 60% of quartz, potassium‐feldspar, sodium‐feldspar and calcite, is intended for use as a technological Additive (Functional groups: (i) anticaking agents) in premixtures and feedingstuffs for all animal species at a maximum inclusion level of 25,000 mg/kg. The Additive is safe for chickens for fattening and chickens reared for laying/breeding at the maximum inclusion level of 25,000 mg/kg feed, with no margin of safety determined. Owing the absence of data in pigs and ruminants and in the absence of data on the potential genotoxicity of the Additive, the Panel is not in the position to conclude on the safety of the Additive for any other animal species/categories. The Additive is considered safe for the consumers and the environment at the proposed conditions of use. In the absence of data, the FEEDAP Panel cannot conclude on the potential of the Additive to be a skin and eye irritant and skin sensitiser. Exposure via inhalation is considered a risk. The FEEDAP Panel is not in the position to conclude on the efficacy of the Additive as an anticaking agent

  • Safety and efficacy of a feed Additive consisting of titanium dioxide for all animal species (Kronos International, Inc.)
    'Wiley', 2021
    Co-Authors: Efsa Panel on Additives And Products Or Substances Used In Animal Feed, Maria De Lourdes Bastos, Birgit Dusemund, Vasileios Bampidis, Giovanna Azimonti, Henrik Christensen, Maryline Kouba, Mojca Kos Durjava, Marta López‐alonso, Secundino López Puente
    Abstract:

    Abstract Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of titanium dioxide (TiO2) for all animal species. TiO2 is applied to be used as a sensory Additive (Functional group: colourants; i) substances that add or restore colour in feedingstuffs). The specification for TiO2 used as feed Additive meets the specifications of TiO2 used as food Additive. The EFSA Panel on Food Additive and Flavourings (FAF) concluded that TiO2 (E171) can no longer be considered as safe when used as a food Additive. The EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) endorses this conclusion and considers that it also applies to TiO2 as a feed Additive for all animal species. TiO2 is absorbed to a low extent; however, particles of TiO2 can accumulate in the body due to their long half‐life. The genotoxicity of TiO2 particles cannot be ruled out raising potential concerns on the safety of the Additive for the target species (especially for long‐living animals and reproductive animals), consumers and user. Considering this fact and the absence of specific data related to its use as a feed Additive, the Panel cannot conclude on the safety of TiO2 for the target species, consumers and environment. In the absence of studies with the Additive under assessment, the Panel cannot conclude on the assessment of the effects of the Additive on eyes and skin. TiO2 is potentially carcinogenic to workers if inhaled. The concern for genotoxicity of TiO2 particles cannot be ruled out, this should be considered as an additional potential concern to users handling the Additive. TiO2 is efficacious in colouring the food for cats and dogs at a minimum content of 1%

  • Statement on the safety and efficacy of the feed Additive consisting on tragacanth gum for all animal species (Association for International Promotion of Gums)
    'Wiley', 2021
    Co-Authors: Efsa Panel on Additives And Products Or Substances Used In Animal Feed, Maria De Lourdes Bastos, Birgit Dusemund, Vasileios Bampidis, Giovanna Azimonti, Henrik Christensen, Maryline Kouba, Mojca Kos Durjava, Marta López‐alonso, Secundino López Puente
    Abstract:

    Abstract The Additive tragacanth gum is intended to be used as a technological Additive (category: technological Additive; Functional groups: emulsifier, stabiliser, thickener, gelling agent) for all animal species. The Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) assessed the data provided by the applicant in the technical dossier. During the course of the assessment, the need for additional information in order to be able to deliver an opinion on the safety and efficacy of this Additive was identified and notified to the applicant. The information requested covered the characterisation and identification, the safety for the target species and the efficacy of the Additive. The applicant has failed to provide the additional information. Therefore, considering the data provided in the original dossier and the absence of response from the applicant to the requests from EFSA, the FEEDAP Panel is not in a position to deliver an opinion on the safety and efficacy of the Additive tragacanth gum as a technological Additive for all animal species

  • safety for the environment of sorbitan monolaurate as a feed Additive for all animal species
    EFSA Journal, 2020
    Co-Authors: Efsa Panel On Additives, Maria De Lourdes Bastos, Mojca Kos Durjava, Marta Lopezalonso, Secundino López Puente
    Abstract:

    The Additive sorbitan monolaurate consists of sorbitol (and its anhydrides) esterified with fatty acids derived from coconut oil. It is currently authorised in the European Union and it is intended to be used as a technological Additive (Functional group of emulsifiers), in feedingstuffs for all animal species, at a maximum concentration of 85 mg/kg complete feed. In 2019, the EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) issued an opinion on the safety and efficacy of sorbitan monolaurate. Owing the lack of data, the FEEDAP Panel could not conclude on the safety of the Additive for the environment. The applicant submitted new data (fate and degradation as well as ecotoxicity data) that were evaluated in the present opinion. The absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of structurally related compounds (sorbitan monostearate and sorbitan trioleate) indicate that the Additive is expected to be partially metabolised. In addition, sorbitan monolaurate and some related compounds are readily biodegradable. The limited available data on the effects of sorbitan monolaurate in marine crustaceans and in marine sediment indicate that the ecotoxicity of the Additive is low, in consistency with the very low acute toxicity of sorbitan esters. Overall, the FEEDAP Panel concludes that a risk of sorbitan monolaurate to terrestrial and aquatic environment is unlikely. Therefore, no safety concerns for the environment are expected from the use of the Additive under assessment according to the established conditions of use.

  • Safety and efficacy of aluminosilicate of sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium as a feed Additive for pigs.
    EFSA Journal, 2019
    Co-Authors: Efsa Panel On Additives, Maria De Lourdes Bastos, Birgit Dusemund, Vasileios Bampidis, Giovanna Azimonti, Henrik Christensen, Maryline Kouba, Mojca Kos Durjava, Marta López-alonso, Secundino López Puente
    Abstract:

    Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on aluminosilicate of sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium as a feed Additive for pigs. The Additive, that contains at least 66% of aluminosilicate of sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium as main component, is intended for use as a technological Additive (Functional groups: (i) anticaking agents) in premixtures and feedingstuffs for pigs at a maximum inclusion level of 30,000 mg/kg. In the absence of data, the FEEDAP Panel could not conclude on the safety of the Additive for the target species and the users. The Additive is considered safe for the consumer and the environment at the proposed conditions of use. The Additive has the potential to act as an anticaking agent in complete feed of pigs at a concentration of 30,000 mg/kg feed.