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Yehuda Shoenfeld - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • autoimmune inflammatory syndrome induced by Adjuvants asia 2013 unveiling the pathogenic clinical and diagnostic aspects
    Journal of Autoimmunity, 2013
    Co-Authors: Carlo Perricone, Serena Colafrancesco, Yehuda Shoenfeld, Roei David Mazor, Alessandra Soriano, Nancy Agmonlevin
    Abstract:

    In 2011 a new syndrome termed ‘ASIA Autoimmune/Inflammatory Syndrome Induced by Adjuvants’ was defined pointing to summarize for the first time the spectrum of immune-mediated diseases triggered by an Adjuvant stimulus such as chronic exposure to silicone, tetramethylpentadecane, pristane, aluminum and other Adjuvants, as well as infectious components, that also may have an Adjuvant effect. All these environmental factors have been found to induce autoimmunity by themselves both in animal models and in humans: for instance, silicone was associated with siliconosis, aluminum hydroxide with postvaccination phenomena and macrophagic myofasciitis syndrome. Several mechanisms have been hypothesized to be involved in the onset of Adjuvant-induced autoimmunity; a genetic favorable background plays a key role in the appearance on such vaccine-related diseases and also justifies the rarity of these phenomena. This paper will focus on protean facets which are part of ASIA, focusing on the roles and mechanisms of action of different Adjuvants which lead to the autoimmune/inflammatory response. The data herein illustrate the critical role of environmental factors in the induction of autoimmunity. Indeed, it is the interplay of genetic susceptibility and environment that is the major player for the

  • Autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by Adjuvants (ASIA) 2013: Unveiling the pathogenic, clinical and diagnostic aspects
    Journal of Autoimmunity, 2013
    Co-Authors: Carlo Perricone, Serena Colafrancesco, Roei David Mazor, Alessandra Soriano, Nancy Agmon-levin, Yehuda Shoenfeld
    Abstract:

    In 2011 a new syndrome termed ‘ASIA Autoimmune/Inflammatory Syndrome Induced by Adjuvants’ was defined pointing to summarize for the first time the spectrum of immune-mediated diseases triggered by an Adjuvant stimulus such as chronic exposure to silicone, tetramethylpentadecane, pristane, aluminum and other Adjuvants, as well as infectious components, that also may have an Adjuvant effect. All these environmental factors have been found to induce autoimmunity by themselves both in animal models and in humans: for instance, silicone was associated with siliconosis, aluminum hydroxide with postvaccination phenomena and macrophagic myofasciitis syndrome. Several mechanisms have been hypothesized to be involved in the onset of Adjuvant-induced autoimmunity; a genetic favorable background plays a key role in the appearance on such vaccine-related diseases and also justifies the rarity of these phenomena. This paper will focus on protean facets which are part of ASIA, focusing on the roles and mechanisms of action of different Adjuvants which lead to the autoimmune/inflammatory response. The data herein illustrate the critical role of environmental factors in the induction of autoimmunity. Indeed, it is the interplay of genetic susceptibility and environment that is the major player for the

  • Adjuvants and autoimmunity
    Lupus, 2009
    Co-Authors: Eitan Israeli, Nancy Agmonlevin, M. Blank, Yehuda Shoenfeld
    Abstract:

    Some Adjuvants may exert adverse effects upon injection or, on the other hand, may not trigger a full immunological reaction. The mechanisms underlying Adjuvant adverse effects are under renewed scrutiny because of the enormous implications for vaccine development. In the search for new and safer Adjuvants, several new Adjuvants were developed by pharmaceutical companies utilizing new immunological and chemical innovations. The ability of the immune system to recognize molecules that are broadly shared by pathogens is, in part, due to the presence of special immune receptors called toll-like receptors (TLRs) that are expressed on leukocyte membranes. The very fact that TLR activation leads to adaptive immune responses to foreign entities explains why so many Adjuvants used today in vaccinations are developed to mimic TLR ligands. Alongside their supportive role, Adjuvants were found to inflict by themselves an illness of autoimmune nature, defined as ‘the Adjuvant diseases’. The debatable question of sili...

Carlo Perricone - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • autoimmune inflammatory syndrome induced by Adjuvants asia 2013 unveiling the pathogenic clinical and diagnostic aspects
    Journal of Autoimmunity, 2013
    Co-Authors: Carlo Perricone, Serena Colafrancesco, Yehuda Shoenfeld, Roei David Mazor, Alessandra Soriano, Nancy Agmonlevin
    Abstract:

    In 2011 a new syndrome termed ‘ASIA Autoimmune/Inflammatory Syndrome Induced by Adjuvants’ was defined pointing to summarize for the first time the spectrum of immune-mediated diseases triggered by an Adjuvant stimulus such as chronic exposure to silicone, tetramethylpentadecane, pristane, aluminum and other Adjuvants, as well as infectious components, that also may have an Adjuvant effect. All these environmental factors have been found to induce autoimmunity by themselves both in animal models and in humans: for instance, silicone was associated with siliconosis, aluminum hydroxide with postvaccination phenomena and macrophagic myofasciitis syndrome. Several mechanisms have been hypothesized to be involved in the onset of Adjuvant-induced autoimmunity; a genetic favorable background plays a key role in the appearance on such vaccine-related diseases and also justifies the rarity of these phenomena. This paper will focus on protean facets which are part of ASIA, focusing on the roles and mechanisms of action of different Adjuvants which lead to the autoimmune/inflammatory response. The data herein illustrate the critical role of environmental factors in the induction of autoimmunity. Indeed, it is the interplay of genetic susceptibility and environment that is the major player for the

  • Autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by Adjuvants (ASIA) 2013: Unveiling the pathogenic, clinical and diagnostic aspects
    Journal of Autoimmunity, 2013
    Co-Authors: Carlo Perricone, Serena Colafrancesco, Roei David Mazor, Alessandra Soriano, Nancy Agmon-levin, Yehuda Shoenfeld
    Abstract:

    In 2011 a new syndrome termed ‘ASIA Autoimmune/Inflammatory Syndrome Induced by Adjuvants’ was defined pointing to summarize for the first time the spectrum of immune-mediated diseases triggered by an Adjuvant stimulus such as chronic exposure to silicone, tetramethylpentadecane, pristane, aluminum and other Adjuvants, as well as infectious components, that also may have an Adjuvant effect. All these environmental factors have been found to induce autoimmunity by themselves both in animal models and in humans: for instance, silicone was associated with siliconosis, aluminum hydroxide with postvaccination phenomena and macrophagic myofasciitis syndrome. Several mechanisms have been hypothesized to be involved in the onset of Adjuvant-induced autoimmunity; a genetic favorable background plays a key role in the appearance on such vaccine-related diseases and also justifies the rarity of these phenomena. This paper will focus on protean facets which are part of ASIA, focusing on the roles and mechanisms of action of different Adjuvants which lead to the autoimmune/inflammatory response. The data herein illustrate the critical role of environmental factors in the induction of autoimmunity. Indeed, it is the interplay of genetic susceptibility and environment that is the major player for the

Nancy Agmonlevin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • autoimmune inflammatory syndrome induced by Adjuvants asia 2013 unveiling the pathogenic clinical and diagnostic aspects
    Journal of Autoimmunity, 2013
    Co-Authors: Carlo Perricone, Serena Colafrancesco, Yehuda Shoenfeld, Roei David Mazor, Alessandra Soriano, Nancy Agmonlevin
    Abstract:

    In 2011 a new syndrome termed ‘ASIA Autoimmune/Inflammatory Syndrome Induced by Adjuvants’ was defined pointing to summarize for the first time the spectrum of immune-mediated diseases triggered by an Adjuvant stimulus such as chronic exposure to silicone, tetramethylpentadecane, pristane, aluminum and other Adjuvants, as well as infectious components, that also may have an Adjuvant effect. All these environmental factors have been found to induce autoimmunity by themselves both in animal models and in humans: for instance, silicone was associated with siliconosis, aluminum hydroxide with postvaccination phenomena and macrophagic myofasciitis syndrome. Several mechanisms have been hypothesized to be involved in the onset of Adjuvant-induced autoimmunity; a genetic favorable background plays a key role in the appearance on such vaccine-related diseases and also justifies the rarity of these phenomena. This paper will focus on protean facets which are part of ASIA, focusing on the roles and mechanisms of action of different Adjuvants which lead to the autoimmune/inflammatory response. The data herein illustrate the critical role of environmental factors in the induction of autoimmunity. Indeed, it is the interplay of genetic susceptibility and environment that is the major player for the

  • Adjuvants and autoimmunity
    Lupus, 2009
    Co-Authors: Eitan Israeli, Nancy Agmonlevin, M. Blank, Yehuda Shoenfeld
    Abstract:

    Some Adjuvants may exert adverse effects upon injection or, on the other hand, may not trigger a full immunological reaction. The mechanisms underlying Adjuvant adverse effects are under renewed scrutiny because of the enormous implications for vaccine development. In the search for new and safer Adjuvants, several new Adjuvants were developed by pharmaceutical companies utilizing new immunological and chemical innovations. The ability of the immune system to recognize molecules that are broadly shared by pathogens is, in part, due to the presence of special immune receptors called toll-like receptors (TLRs) that are expressed on leukocyte membranes. The very fact that TLR activation leads to adaptive immune responses to foreign entities explains why so many Adjuvants used today in vaccinations are developed to mimic TLR ligands. Alongside their supportive role, Adjuvants were found to inflict by themselves an illness of autoimmune nature, defined as ‘the Adjuvant diseases’. The debatable question of sili...

Rajesh K. Gupta - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • aluminum compounds as vaccine Adjuvants
    Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 1998
    Co-Authors: Rajesh K. Gupta
    Abstract:

    Abstract Aluminum compounds are the only Adjuvants used widely with routine human vaccines and are the most common Adjuvants in veterinary vaccines also. Though there has been a search for alternate Adjuvants, aluminum Adjuvants will continue to be used for many years due to their good track record of safety, low cost and Adjuvanticity with a variety of antigens. For infections that can be prevented by induction of serum antibodies, aluminum Adjuvants formulated under optimal conditions are the Adjuvants of choice. It is important to select carefully the type of aluminum Adjuvant and optimize the conditions of adsorption for every antigen since this process is dependent upon the physico-chemical characteristics of both the antigens and aluminum Adjuvants. Adsorption of antigens onto aluminum compounds depends heavily on electrostatic forces between Adjuvant and antigen. Two commonly used aluminum Adjuvants, aluminum hydroxide and aluminum phosphate have opposite charge at a neutral pH. The mechanism of Adjuvanticity of aluminum compounds includes formation of a depot; efficient uptake of aluminum adsorbed antigen particles by antigen presenting cells due their particulate nature and optimal size (

  • Adjuvants for human vaccines-current status, problems and future prospects
    Vaccine, 1995
    Co-Authors: Rajesh K. Gupta, George R. Siber
    Abstract:

    Adjuvants help antigen to elicit an early, high and long-lasting immune response with less antigen, thus saving on vaccine production costs. In recent years, Adjuvants received much attention because of the development of purified, subunit and synthetic vaccines which are poor immunogens and require Adjuvants to evoke the immune response. With the use of Adjuvants immune response can be selectively modulated to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I or MHC class II and Th1 or Th2 type, which is very important for protection against diseases caused by intracellular pathogens such as viruses, parasites and bacteria (Mycobacterium). A number of problems are encountered in the development and use of Adjuvants for human vaccines. The biggest issue with the use of Adjuvants for human vaccines, particularly routine childhood vaccines, is the toxicity and adverse side-effects of most of the Adjuvant formulations. At present the choice of Adjuvants for human vaccination reflects a compromise between a requirement for Adjuvanticity and an acceptable low level of side-effects. Other problems with the development of Adjuvants include restricted Adjuvanticity of certain formulations to a few antigens, use of aluminum Adjuvants as reference Adjuvant preparations under suboptimal conditions, non-availability of reliable animal models, use of non-standard assays and biological differences between animal models and humans leading to the failure of promising formulations to show Adjuvanticity in clinical trials. The most common Adjuvants for human use today are still aluminum hydroxide and aluminum phosphate, although calcium phosphate and oil emulsions also have some use in human vaccinations. During the last 15 years much progress has been made on development, isolation and chemical synthesis of alternative Adjuvants such as derivatives of muramyl dipeptide, monophosphoryl lipid A, liposomes, QS21, MF-59 and immunostimulating complexes (ISCOMS). Other areas in Adjuvant research which have received much attention are the controlled release of vaccine antigens using biodegradable polymer microspheres and reciprocal enhanced immunogenicity of protein-polysaccharide conjugates. Biodegradable polymer microspheres are being evaluated for targeting antigens on mucosal surfaces and for controlled release of vaccines with an aim to reduce the number of doses required for primary immunization. Reciprocal enhanced immunogenicity of protein-polysaccharide conjugates will be useful for the development of combination vaccines. © 1995.

George R. Siber - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Adjuvants for human vaccines—current status, problems and future prospects☆
    Vaccine, 1995
    Co-Authors: Rajesh Gupta, George R. Siber
    Abstract:

    Adjuvants help antigen to elicit an early, high and long-lasting immune response with less antigen, thus saving on vaccine production costs. In recent years, Adjuvants received much attention because of the development of purified, subunit and synthetic vaccines which are poor immunogens and require Adjuvants to evoke the immune response. With the use of Adjuvants immune response can be selectively modulated to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I or MHC class II and Th1 or Th2 type, which is very important for protection against diseases caused by intracellular pathogens such as viruses, parasites and bacteria (Mycobacterium). A number of problems are encountered in the development and use of Adjuvants for human vaccines. The biggest issue with the use of Adjuvants for human vaccines, particularly routine childhood vaccines, is the toxicity and adverse side-effects of most of the Adjuvant formulations. At present the choice of Adjuvants for human vaccination reflects a compromise between a requirement for Adjuvanticity and an acceptable low level of side-effects. Other problems with the development of Adjuvants include restricted Adjuvanticity of certain formulations to a few antigens, use of aluminum Adjuvants as reference Adjuvant preparations under suboptimal conditions, non-availability of reliable animal models, use of non-standard assays and biological differences between animal models and humans leading to the failure of promising formulations to show Adjuvanticity in clinical trials. The most common Adjuvants for human use today are still aluminum hydroxide and aluminum phosphate, although calcium phosphate and oil emulsions also have some use in human vaccinations. During the last 15 years much progress has been made on development, isolation and chemical synthesis of alternative Adjuvants such as derivatives of muramyl dipeptide, monophosphoryl lipid A, liposomes, QS21, MF-59 and immunostimulating complexes (ISCOMS). Other areas in Adjuvant research which have received much attention are the controlled release of vaccine antigens using biodegradable polymer microspheres and reciprocal enhanced immunogenicity of protein-polysaccharide conjugates. Biodegradable polymer microspheres are being evaluated for targeting antigens on mucosal surfaces and for controlled release of vaccines with an aim to reduce the number of doses required for primary immunization. Reciprocal enhanced immunogenicity of protein-polysaccharide conjugates will be useful for the development of combination vaccines.

  • Adjuvants for human vaccines-current status, problems and future prospects
    Vaccine, 1995
    Co-Authors: Rajesh K. Gupta, George R. Siber
    Abstract:

    Adjuvants help antigen to elicit an early, high and long-lasting immune response with less antigen, thus saving on vaccine production costs. In recent years, Adjuvants received much attention because of the development of purified, subunit and synthetic vaccines which are poor immunogens and require Adjuvants to evoke the immune response. With the use of Adjuvants immune response can be selectively modulated to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I or MHC class II and Th1 or Th2 type, which is very important for protection against diseases caused by intracellular pathogens such as viruses, parasites and bacteria (Mycobacterium). A number of problems are encountered in the development and use of Adjuvants for human vaccines. The biggest issue with the use of Adjuvants for human vaccines, particularly routine childhood vaccines, is the toxicity and adverse side-effects of most of the Adjuvant formulations. At present the choice of Adjuvants for human vaccination reflects a compromise between a requirement for Adjuvanticity and an acceptable low level of side-effects. Other problems with the development of Adjuvants include restricted Adjuvanticity of certain formulations to a few antigens, use of aluminum Adjuvants as reference Adjuvant preparations under suboptimal conditions, non-availability of reliable animal models, use of non-standard assays and biological differences between animal models and humans leading to the failure of promising formulations to show Adjuvanticity in clinical trials. The most common Adjuvants for human use today are still aluminum hydroxide and aluminum phosphate, although calcium phosphate and oil emulsions also have some use in human vaccinations. During the last 15 years much progress has been made on development, isolation and chemical synthesis of alternative Adjuvants such as derivatives of muramyl dipeptide, monophosphoryl lipid A, liposomes, QS21, MF-59 and immunostimulating complexes (ISCOMS). Other areas in Adjuvant research which have received much attention are the controlled release of vaccine antigens using biodegradable polymer microspheres and reciprocal enhanced immunogenicity of protein-polysaccharide conjugates. Biodegradable polymer microspheres are being evaluated for targeting antigens on mucosal surfaces and for controlled release of vaccines with an aim to reduce the number of doses required for primary immunization. Reciprocal enhanced immunogenicity of protein-polysaccharide conjugates will be useful for the development of combination vaccines. © 1995.