The Experts below are selected from a list of 9594 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Robert F Anda - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Adverse Childhood Experiences and smoking status in five states
Preventive Medicine, 2011Co-Authors: Earl S Ford, Robert F Anda, Valerie J Edwards, Geraldine S Perry, Guixiang Zhao, Chaoyang Li, Janet B CroftAbstract:Abstract Objective Our objective was to examine the associations between Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and smoking behavior among a random sample of adults living in five U.S. states. Methods We used data from 25,809 participants of the 2009 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System to assess the relationship of each of the 8 Adverse Childhood Experiences and the Adverse Childhood experience score to smoking status. Results and conclusions Some 59.4% of men and women reported at least one Adverse Childhood experience. Each of the eight Adverse Childhood Experiences measures was significantly associated with smoking status after adjustment for demographic variables. The prevalence ratios for current and ever smoking increased in a positive graded fashion as the Adverse Childhood experience score increased. Among adults who reported no Adverse Childhood Experiences, 13.0% were currently smoking and 38.3% had ever smoked. Compared to participants with an Adverse Childhood experience score of 0, those with an Adverse Childhood experience score of 5 or more were more likely to be a current smoker (adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR): 2.22, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.92–2.57) and to have ever smoked (aPR: 1.80, 95% CI: 1.67–1.93). Further research is warranted to determine whether the prevention of and interventions for Adverse Childhood Experiences might reduce the burden of smoking-related illness in the general population.
-
Adverse Childhood Experiences and sleep disturbances in adults.
Sleep medicine, 2011Co-Authors: Daniel P Chapman, Robert F Anda, Janet B Croft, Valerie J Edwards, Anne G. Wheaton, Yong Liu, Stephanie L. Sturgis, Geraldine S PerryAbstract:Abstract Background Sleep disturbances are associated with an increased risk for many chronic diseases and unhealthy behaviors. A history of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) is also associated with similar adult health outcomes. We studied the relationship between multiple ACEs and the likelihood of experiencing self-reported sleep disturbances in adulthood. Methods We used data from the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) study, a retrospective cohort study of 17,337 adult health maintenance organization members in California who completed a survey about eight ACEs, which included Childhood abuse and growing up with various forms of household dysfunction. The self-reported sleep disturbances measured included ever having trouble falling or staying asleep and feeling tired after a good night’s sleep. We used an integer count of the number of ACEs (the ACE score) to assess the cumulative impact of these Experiences on the likelihood of self-reported sleep disturbances. Results Thirty-three percent of the cohort reported trouble falling or staying asleep, while 24% reported feeling tired after sleeping. All eight ACE categories were associated with an increased likelihood of self-reported sleep disturbances ( p p Conclusions Adverse Childhood Experiences were associated with self-reported sleep disturbances in adulthood, and the ACE score had a graded relationship to these sleep disturbances. A history of ACEs should be obtained for patients with self-reported sleep disturbances to coordinate services that ameliorate the long-term effects of these events.
-
Adverse Childhood Experiences and Hallucinations.
Child abuse & neglect, 2005Co-Authors: Charles L. Whitfield, Vincent J Felitti, Shanta R. Dube, Robert F AndaAbstract:Objective: Little information is available about the contribution of multiple Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) to the likelihood of reporting hallucinations. We used data from the ACE study to assess this relationship. Methods: We conducted a survey about Childhood abuse and household dysfunction while growing up, with questions about health behaviors and outcomes in adulthood, which was completed by 17,337 adult HMO members in order to assess the independent relationship of 8 Adverse Childhood Experiences and the total number of ACEs (ACE score) to experiencing hallucinations. We used logistic regression to assess the relationship of the ACE score to self-reported hallucinations. Results: We found a statistically significant and graded relationship between histories of Childhood trauma and histories of hallucinations that was independent of a history of substance abuse. Compared to persons with 0 ACEs, those with 7 or more ACEs had a five-fold increase in the risk of reporting hallucinations. Conclusion: These findings suggest that a history of Childhood trauma should be looked for among persons with a history of hallucinations. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
-
Adverse Childhood Experiences and risk of paternity in teen pregnancy
Obstetrics & Gynecology, 2002Co-Authors: Robert F Anda, Janet B Croft, Vincent J Felitti, David F Williamson, Daniel P Chapman, Valerie J Edwards, Wayne H GilesAbstract:OBJECTIVE: Few studies have investigated risk factors that predispose males to be involved in teen pregnancies. To provide new information on such factors, we examined the relationships of eight common Adverse Childhood Experiences to a male’s risk of impregnating a teenager. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using questionnaire responses from 7399 men who visited a primary care clinic of a large health maintenance organization in California. Data included age of the youngest female ever impregnated; the man’s own age at the time; his history of Childhood emotional, physical, or sexual abuse; having a battered mother; parental separation or divorce; and having household members who were substance abusers, mentally ill, or criminals. Odds ratios (ORs) for the risk of involvement in a teen pregnancy were adjusted for age, race, and education. RESULTS: At least one Adverse Childhood experience was reported by 63% of participants, and 34% had at least two Adverse Childhood Experiences; 19% of men had been involved in a teen pregnancy. Each Adverse Childhood experience was positively associated with impregnating a teenager, with ORs ranging from 1.2 (sexual abuse) to 1.8 (criminal in home). We found strong graded relationships (P < .001) between the number of Adverse Childhood Experiences and the risk of involvement in a teen pregnancy for each of four birth cohorts during the last century. Compared with males with no Adverse Childhood Experiences, a male with at least five Adverse Childhood Experiences had an OR of 2.6 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.0, 3.4) for impregnating a teenager. The magnitude of the ORs for the Adverse Childhood Experiences was reduced 64 ‐100% by adjustment for potential intermediate variables (age at first intercourse, number of sexual partners, having a sexually transmitted disease, and alcohol or drug abuse) that also exhibited a strong graded relationship to Adverse Childhood Experiences. CONCLUSION: Adverse Childhood Experiences have an important relationship to male involvement in teen pregnancy. This relationship has persisted throughout four successive birth cohorts dating back to 1900 ‐1929, suggesting that the effects of Adverse Childhood Experiences transcend changing sexual mores and contraceptive methods. Efforts to prevent teen pregnancy will likely benefit from preventing Adverse Childhood Experiences and their associated effects on male behaviors that might mediate the increased risk of teen pregnancy. (Obstet Gynecol 2002; 100:37‐ 45. © 2002 by The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.)
-
Adverse Childhood Experiences, Alcoholic Parents, and Later Risk of Alcoholism and Depression
Psychiatric services (Washington D.C.), 2002Co-Authors: Robert F Anda, Vincent J Felitti, Daniel P Chapman, Valerie J Edwards, Charles L. Whitfield, Shanta R. Dube, David F WilliamsonAbstract:OBJECTIVE: The study examined how growing up with alcoholic parents and having Adverse Childhood Experiences are related to the risk of alcoholism and depression in adulthood. METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study, 9,346 adults who visited a primary care clinic of a large health maintenance organization completed a survey about nine Adverse Childhood Experiences: experiencing Childhood emotional, physical, and sexual abuse; witnessing domestic violence; parental separation or divorce; and growing up with drug-abusing, mentally ill, suicidal, or criminal household members. The associations between parental alcohol abuse, the Adverse Experiences, and alcoholism and depression in adulthood were assessed by logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: The risk of having had all nine of the Adverse Childhood Experiences was significantly greater among the 20 percent of respondents who reported parental alcohol abuse. The number of Adverse Experiences had a graded relationship to alcoholism and depression in ad...
Vincent J Felitti - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Adverse Childhood Experiences and Hallucinations.
Child abuse & neglect, 2005Co-Authors: Charles L. Whitfield, Vincent J Felitti, Shanta R. Dube, Robert F AndaAbstract:Objective: Little information is available about the contribution of multiple Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) to the likelihood of reporting hallucinations. We used data from the ACE study to assess this relationship. Methods: We conducted a survey about Childhood abuse and household dysfunction while growing up, with questions about health behaviors and outcomes in adulthood, which was completed by 17,337 adult HMO members in order to assess the independent relationship of 8 Adverse Childhood Experiences and the total number of ACEs (ACE score) to experiencing hallucinations. We used logistic regression to assess the relationship of the ACE score to self-reported hallucinations. Results: We found a statistically significant and graded relationship between histories of Childhood trauma and histories of hallucinations that was independent of a history of substance abuse. Compared to persons with 0 ACEs, those with 7 or more ACEs had a five-fold increase in the risk of reporting hallucinations. Conclusion: These findings suggest that a history of Childhood trauma should be looked for among persons with a history of hallucinations. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
-
Adverse Childhood Experiences and risk of paternity in teen pregnancy
Obstetrics & Gynecology, 2002Co-Authors: Robert F Anda, Janet B Croft, Vincent J Felitti, David F Williamson, Daniel P Chapman, Valerie J Edwards, Wayne H GilesAbstract:OBJECTIVE: Few studies have investigated risk factors that predispose males to be involved in teen pregnancies. To provide new information on such factors, we examined the relationships of eight common Adverse Childhood Experiences to a male’s risk of impregnating a teenager. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using questionnaire responses from 7399 men who visited a primary care clinic of a large health maintenance organization in California. Data included age of the youngest female ever impregnated; the man’s own age at the time; his history of Childhood emotional, physical, or sexual abuse; having a battered mother; parental separation or divorce; and having household members who were substance abusers, mentally ill, or criminals. Odds ratios (ORs) for the risk of involvement in a teen pregnancy were adjusted for age, race, and education. RESULTS: At least one Adverse Childhood experience was reported by 63% of participants, and 34% had at least two Adverse Childhood Experiences; 19% of men had been involved in a teen pregnancy. Each Adverse Childhood experience was positively associated with impregnating a teenager, with ORs ranging from 1.2 (sexual abuse) to 1.8 (criminal in home). We found strong graded relationships (P < .001) between the number of Adverse Childhood Experiences and the risk of involvement in a teen pregnancy for each of four birth cohorts during the last century. Compared with males with no Adverse Childhood Experiences, a male with at least five Adverse Childhood Experiences had an OR of 2.6 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.0, 3.4) for impregnating a teenager. The magnitude of the ORs for the Adverse Childhood Experiences was reduced 64 ‐100% by adjustment for potential intermediate variables (age at first intercourse, number of sexual partners, having a sexually transmitted disease, and alcohol or drug abuse) that also exhibited a strong graded relationship to Adverse Childhood Experiences. CONCLUSION: Adverse Childhood Experiences have an important relationship to male involvement in teen pregnancy. This relationship has persisted throughout four successive birth cohorts dating back to 1900 ‐1929, suggesting that the effects of Adverse Childhood Experiences transcend changing sexual mores and contraceptive methods. Efforts to prevent teen pregnancy will likely benefit from preventing Adverse Childhood Experiences and their associated effects on male behaviors that might mediate the increased risk of teen pregnancy. (Obstet Gynecol 2002; 100:37‐ 45. © 2002 by The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.)
-
Adverse Childhood Experiences, Alcoholic Parents, and Later Risk of Alcoholism and Depression
Psychiatric services (Washington D.C.), 2002Co-Authors: Robert F Anda, Vincent J Felitti, Daniel P Chapman, Valerie J Edwards, Charles L. Whitfield, Shanta R. Dube, David F WilliamsonAbstract:OBJECTIVE: The study examined how growing up with alcoholic parents and having Adverse Childhood Experiences are related to the risk of alcoholism and depression in adulthood. METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study, 9,346 adults who visited a primary care clinic of a large health maintenance organization completed a survey about nine Adverse Childhood Experiences: experiencing Childhood emotional, physical, and sexual abuse; witnessing domestic violence; parental separation or divorce; and growing up with drug-abusing, mentally ill, suicidal, or criminal household members. The associations between parental alcohol abuse, the Adverse Experiences, and alcoholism and depression in adulthood were assessed by logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: The risk of having had all nine of the Adverse Childhood Experiences was significantly greater among the 20 percent of respondents who reported parental alcohol abuse. The number of Adverse Experiences had a graded relationship to alcoholism and depression in ad...
-
The relationship of Adverse Childhood Experiences to adult health: Turning gold into lead
Zeitschrift fur Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, 2002Co-Authors: Vincent J FelittiAbstract:The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study is a long term, in-depth analysis of over 17,000 adult Americans, matching their current health status against Adverse Childhood Experiences that occurred on average a half-century earlier. We found that such Adverse Childhood Experiences are quite common although typically concealed and unrecognized; that they still have a profound effect a half century later, although now transmutated from psychosocial experience into organic disease; and that they are the main determinant of the health and social well-being of the nation. Our findings are of direct importance to the everyday practice of medicine and psychiatry because they indicate that much of what is recognized as common in adult medicine is the result of what is not recognized in Childhood. The ACE Study challenges as superficial the current conceptions of depression and addiction, showing them to have a very strong dose-response relationship to antecedent life Experiences.
-
Adverse Childhood Experiences and sexual risk behaviors in women: a retrospective cohort study.
Family planning perspectives, 2001Co-Authors: Susan D. Hillis, Robert F Anda, Vincent J Felitti, Polly A. MarchbanksAbstract:A total of 5060 female members of a managed care organization provided information about seven categories of Adverse Childhood Experiences: having experienced emotional physical or sexual abuse; or having had a battered mother or substance-abusing mentally ill or criminal household members. Logistic regression was used to model the association between cumulative categories of up to seven Adverse Childhood Experiences and such sexual risk behaviors as early onset of intercourse 30 or more sexual partners and self-perception as being at risk for AIDS. Each category of Adverse Childhood Experiences was associated with an increased risk of intercourse by age 15 (odd ratios 1.6-2.6) with perceiving oneself as being at risk of AIDS (odds ratios 1.5-2.6) and with having had 30 or more partners (odds ratios 1.6-3.8). After adjustment for the effects of age at interview and race women who experienced rising numbers of types of Adverse Childhood Experiences were increasingly likely to see themselves as being at risk of AIDS: Those with one such experience had a slightly elevated likelihood (odds ratio 1.2) while those with 4-5 or 6-7 such Experiences had substantially elevated odds (odds ratios 1.8 and 4.9 respectively). Similarly the number of types of Adverse Experiences was tied to the likelihood of having had 30 or more sexual partners rising from odds of 1.6 for those with one type of Adverse experience and 1.9 for those with two to odds of 8.2 among those with 6-7. Finally the chances that a woman first had sex by age 15 also rose progressively with increasing numbers of such Experiences from odds of 1.8 among those with one type of Adverse Childhood experience to 7.0 among those with 6-7. Among individuals with a history of Adverse Childhood Experiences risky sexual behavior may represent their attempts to achieve intimate interpersonal connections. Having grown up in families unable to provide needed protection such individuals may be unprepared to protect themselves and may underestimate the risks they take in their attempts to achieve intimacy. If so coping with such problems represents a serious public health challenge. (authors)
Janet B Croft - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Adverse Childhood Experiences and smoking status in five states
Preventive Medicine, 2011Co-Authors: Earl S Ford, Robert F Anda, Valerie J Edwards, Geraldine S Perry, Guixiang Zhao, Chaoyang Li, Janet B CroftAbstract:Abstract Objective Our objective was to examine the associations between Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and smoking behavior among a random sample of adults living in five U.S. states. Methods We used data from 25,809 participants of the 2009 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System to assess the relationship of each of the 8 Adverse Childhood Experiences and the Adverse Childhood experience score to smoking status. Results and conclusions Some 59.4% of men and women reported at least one Adverse Childhood experience. Each of the eight Adverse Childhood Experiences measures was significantly associated with smoking status after adjustment for demographic variables. The prevalence ratios for current and ever smoking increased in a positive graded fashion as the Adverse Childhood experience score increased. Among adults who reported no Adverse Childhood Experiences, 13.0% were currently smoking and 38.3% had ever smoked. Compared to participants with an Adverse Childhood experience score of 0, those with an Adverse Childhood experience score of 5 or more were more likely to be a current smoker (adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR): 2.22, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.92–2.57) and to have ever smoked (aPR: 1.80, 95% CI: 1.67–1.93). Further research is warranted to determine whether the prevention of and interventions for Adverse Childhood Experiences might reduce the burden of smoking-related illness in the general population.
-
Adverse Childhood Experiences and sleep disturbances in adults.
Sleep medicine, 2011Co-Authors: Daniel P Chapman, Robert F Anda, Janet B Croft, Valerie J Edwards, Anne G. Wheaton, Yong Liu, Stephanie L. Sturgis, Geraldine S PerryAbstract:Abstract Background Sleep disturbances are associated with an increased risk for many chronic diseases and unhealthy behaviors. A history of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) is also associated with similar adult health outcomes. We studied the relationship between multiple ACEs and the likelihood of experiencing self-reported sleep disturbances in adulthood. Methods We used data from the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) study, a retrospective cohort study of 17,337 adult health maintenance organization members in California who completed a survey about eight ACEs, which included Childhood abuse and growing up with various forms of household dysfunction. The self-reported sleep disturbances measured included ever having trouble falling or staying asleep and feeling tired after a good night’s sleep. We used an integer count of the number of ACEs (the ACE score) to assess the cumulative impact of these Experiences on the likelihood of self-reported sleep disturbances. Results Thirty-three percent of the cohort reported trouble falling or staying asleep, while 24% reported feeling tired after sleeping. All eight ACE categories were associated with an increased likelihood of self-reported sleep disturbances ( p p Conclusions Adverse Childhood Experiences were associated with self-reported sleep disturbances in adulthood, and the ACE score had a graded relationship to these sleep disturbances. A history of ACEs should be obtained for patients with self-reported sleep disturbances to coordinate services that ameliorate the long-term effects of these events.
-
Adverse Childhood Experiences and risk of paternity in teen pregnancy
Obstetrics & Gynecology, 2002Co-Authors: Robert F Anda, Janet B Croft, Vincent J Felitti, David F Williamson, Daniel P Chapman, Valerie J Edwards, Wayne H GilesAbstract:OBJECTIVE: Few studies have investigated risk factors that predispose males to be involved in teen pregnancies. To provide new information on such factors, we examined the relationships of eight common Adverse Childhood Experiences to a male’s risk of impregnating a teenager. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using questionnaire responses from 7399 men who visited a primary care clinic of a large health maintenance organization in California. Data included age of the youngest female ever impregnated; the man’s own age at the time; his history of Childhood emotional, physical, or sexual abuse; having a battered mother; parental separation or divorce; and having household members who were substance abusers, mentally ill, or criminals. Odds ratios (ORs) for the risk of involvement in a teen pregnancy were adjusted for age, race, and education. RESULTS: At least one Adverse Childhood experience was reported by 63% of participants, and 34% had at least two Adverse Childhood Experiences; 19% of men had been involved in a teen pregnancy. Each Adverse Childhood experience was positively associated with impregnating a teenager, with ORs ranging from 1.2 (sexual abuse) to 1.8 (criminal in home). We found strong graded relationships (P < .001) between the number of Adverse Childhood Experiences and the risk of involvement in a teen pregnancy for each of four birth cohorts during the last century. Compared with males with no Adverse Childhood Experiences, a male with at least five Adverse Childhood Experiences had an OR of 2.6 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.0, 3.4) for impregnating a teenager. The magnitude of the ORs for the Adverse Childhood Experiences was reduced 64 ‐100% by adjustment for potential intermediate variables (age at first intercourse, number of sexual partners, having a sexually transmitted disease, and alcohol or drug abuse) that also exhibited a strong graded relationship to Adverse Childhood Experiences. CONCLUSION: Adverse Childhood Experiences have an important relationship to male involvement in teen pregnancy. This relationship has persisted throughout four successive birth cohorts dating back to 1900 ‐1929, suggesting that the effects of Adverse Childhood Experiences transcend changing sexual mores and contraceptive methods. Efforts to prevent teen pregnancy will likely benefit from preventing Adverse Childhood Experiences and their associated effects on male behaviors that might mediate the increased risk of teen pregnancy. (Obstet Gynecol 2002; 100:37‐ 45. © 2002 by The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.)
-
Adverse Childhood Experiences and smoking during adolescence and adulthood
JAMA, 1999Co-Authors: Robert F Anda, Janet B Croft, Vincent J Felitti, Dale Nordenberg, Wayne H Giles, David F Williamson, Gary A GiovinoAbstract:ContextIn recent years, smoking among adolescents has increased and the decline of adult smoking has slowed to nearly a halt; new insights into tobacco dependency are needed to correct this situation. Long-term use of nicotine has been linked with self-medicating efforts to cope with negative emotional, neurobiological, and social effects of Adverse Childhood Experiences.ObjectiveTo assess the relationship between Adverse Childhood Experiences and 5 smoking behaviors.DesignThe ACE Study, a retrospective cohort survey including smoking and exposure to 8 categories of Adverse Childhood Experiences (emotional, physical, and sexual abuse; a battered mother; parental separation or divorce; and growing up with a substance-abusing, mentally ill, or incarcerated household member), conducted from August to November 1995 and January to March 1996.SettingA primary care clinic for adult members of a large health maintenance organization in San Diego, Calif.ParticipantsA total of 9215 adults (4958 women and 4257 men with mean [SD] ages of 55.3 [15.7] and 58.1 [14.5] years, respectively) who responded to a survey questionnaire, which was mailed to all patients 1 week after a clinic visit.Main Outcome MeasuresSmoking initiation by age 14 years or after age 18 years, and status as ever, current, or heavy smoker.ResultsAt least 1 of 8 categories of Adverse Childhood Experiences was reported by 63% of respondents. After adjusting for age, sex, race, and education, each category showed an increased risk for each smoking behavior, and these risks were comparable for each category of Adverse Childhood Experiences. Compared with those reporting no Adverse Childhood Experiences, persons reporting 5 or more categories had substantially higher risks of early smoking initiation (odds ratio [OR], 5.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.1-7.1), ever smoking (OR, 3.1; 95% CI, 2.6-3.8), current smoking (OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.6-2.7), and heavy smoking (OR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.9-4.2). Each relationship between smoking behavior and the number of Adverse Childhood Experiences was strong and graded (P<.001). For any given number of Adverse Childhood Experiences, recent problems with depressed affect were more common among smokers than among nonsmokers.ConclusionsSmoking was strongly associated with Adverse Childhood Experiences. Primary prevention of Adverse Childhood Experiences and improved treatment of exposed children could reduce smoking among both adolescents and adults.
-
Adverse Childhood Experiences and Smoking During Adolescence and Adulthood
JAMA, 1999Co-Authors: Robert F Anda, Janet B Croft, Vincent J Felitti, Dale Nordenberg, Wayne H Giles, David F Williamson, Gary A GiovinoAbstract:ContextIn recent years, smoking among adolescents has increased and the decline of adult smoking has slowed to nearly a halt; new insights into tobacco dependency are needed to correct this situation. Long-term use of nicotine has been linked with self-medicating efforts to cope with negative emotional, neurobiological, and social effects of Adverse Childhood Experiences.ObjectiveTo assess the relationship between Adverse Childhood Experiences and 5 smoking behaviors.DesignThe ACE Study, a retrospective cohort survey including smoking and exposure to 8 categories of Adverse Childhood Experiences (emotional, physical, and sexual abuse; a battered mother; parental separation or divorce; and growing up with a substance-abusing, mentally ill, or incarcerated household member), conducted from August to November 1995 and January to March 1996.SettingA primary care clinic for adult members of a large health maintenance organization in San Diego, Calif.ParticipantsA total of 9215 adults (4958 women and 4257 men with mean [SD] ages of 55.3 [15.7] and 58.1 [14.5] years, respectively) who responded to a survey questionnaire, which was mailed to all patients 1 week after a clinic visit.Main Outcome MeasuresSmoking initiation by age 14 years or after age 18 years, and status as ever, current, or heavy smoker.ResultsAt least 1 of 8 categories of Adverse Childhood Experiences was reported by 63% of respondents. After adjusting for age, sex, race, and education, each category showed an increased risk for each smoking behavior, and these risks were comparable for each category of Adverse Childhood Experiences. Compared with those reporting no Adverse Childhood Experiences, persons reporting 5 or more categories had substantially higher risks of early smoking initiation (odds ratio [OR], 5.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.1-7.1), ever smoking (OR, 3.1; 95% CI, 2.6-3.8), current smoking (OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.6-2.7), and heavy smoking (OR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.9-4.2). Each relationship between smoking behavior and the number of Adverse Childhood Experiences was strong and graded (P
Jenifer Wood - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Adverse Childhood Experiences of low income urban youth
Pediatrics, 2014Co-Authors: Roy Wade, Judy A Shea, David T Rubin, Jenifer WoodAbstract:BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Current assessments of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) may not adequately encompass the breadth of adversity to which low-income urban children are exposed. The purpose of this study was to identify and characterize the range of Adverse Childhood Experiences faced by young adults who grew up in a low-income urban area. METHODS: Focus groups were conducted with young adults who grew up in low-income Philadelphia neighborhoods. Using the nominal group technique, participants generated a list of Adverse Childhood Experiences and then identified the 5 most stressful Experiences on the group list. The most stressful Experiences identified by participants were grouped into a ranked list of domains and subdomains. RESULTS: Participants identified a range of Experiences, grouped into 10 domains: family relationships, community stressors, personal victimization, economic hardship, peer relationships, discrimination, school, health, child welfare/juvenile justice, and media/technology. Included in these domains were many but not all of the Experiences from the initial ACEs studies; parental divorce/separation and mental illness were absent. Additional Experiences not included in the initial ACEs but endorsed by our participants included single-parent homes; exposure to violence, adult themes, and criminal behavior; personal victimization; bullying; economic hardship; and discrimination. CONCLUSIONS: Gathering youth perspectives on Childhood adversity broadens our understanding of the experience of stress and trauma in Childhood. Future work is needed to determine the significance of this broader set of Adverse Experiences in predisposing children to poor health outcomes as adults.
Michael T Baglivio - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Adverse Childhood Experiences commitment offense and race ethnicity are the effects crime race and ethnicity specific
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2017Co-Authors: Matt Delisi, Justin Alcala, Abdi M. Kusow, Andy Hochstetler, Mark H. Heirigs, Jonathan W. Caudill, Chad R. Trulson, Michael T BaglivioAbstract:Adverse Childhood Experiences are associated with an array of health, psychiatric, and behavioral problems including antisocial behavior. Criminologists have recently utilized Adverse Childhood Experiences as an organizing research framework and shown that Adverse Childhood Experiences are associated with delinquency, violence, and more chronic/severe criminal careers. However, much less is known about Adverse Childhood Experiences vis-a-vis specific forms of crime and whether the effects vary across race and ethnicity. Using a sample of 2520 male confined juvenile delinquents, the current study used epidemiological tables of odds (both unadjusted and adjusted for onset, total adjudications, and total out of home placements) to evaluate the significance of the number of Adverse Childhood Experiences on commitment for homicide, sexual assault, and serious persons/property offending. The effects of Adverse Childhood Experiences vary considerably across racial and ethnic groups and across offense types. Adverse Childhood Experiences are strongly and positively associated with sexual offending, but negatively associated with homicide and serious person/property offending. Differential effects of Adverse Childhood Experiences were also seen among African Americans, Hispanics, and whites. Suggestions for future research to clarify the mechanisms by which Adverse Childhood Experiences manifest in specific forms of criminal behavior are offered.
-
Adverse Childhood Experiences, commitment offense, and race/ethnicity: Are the effects crime-, race-, and ethnicity-specific?
International journal of environmental research and public health, 2017Co-Authors: Matt Delisi, Justin Alcala, Abdi M. Kusow, Andy Hochstetler, Mark H. Heirigs, Jonathan W. Caudill, Chad R. Trulson, Michael T BaglivioAbstract:Adverse Childhood Experiences are associated with an array of health, psychiatric, and behavioral problems including antisocial behavior. Criminologists have recently utilized Adverse Childhood Experiences as an organizing research framework and shown that Adverse Childhood Experiences are associated with delinquency, violence, and more chronic/severe criminal careers. However, much less is known about Adverse Childhood Experiences vis-a-vis specific forms of crime and whether the effects vary across race and ethnicity. Using a sample of 2520 male confined juvenile delinquents, the current study used epidemiological tables of odds (both unadjusted and adjusted for onset, total adjudications, and total out of home placements) to evaluate the significance of the number of Adverse Childhood Experiences on commitment for homicide, sexual assault, and serious persons/property offending. The effects of Adverse Childhood Experiences vary considerably across racial and ethnic groups and across offense types. Adverse Childhood Experiences are strongly and positively associated with sexual offending, but negatively associated with homicide and serious person/property offending. Differential effects of Adverse Childhood Experiences were also seen among African Americans, Hispanics, and whites. Suggestions for future research to clarify the mechanisms by which Adverse Childhood Experiences manifest in specific forms of criminal behavior are offered.
-
the relationship between Adverse Childhood Experiences ace and juvenile offending trajectories in a juvenile offender sample
Journal of Criminal Justice, 2015Co-Authors: Michael T Baglivio, Kevin T Wolff, Alexis R Piquero, Nathan EppsAbstract:Adverse Childhood Experiences have been identified as a key risk factor for offending and victimization, respectively. At the same time, the extent to which such Experiences distinguish between unique groups of offenders who vary in their longitudinal offending patterns remains an open question, one that is pertinent to both theoretical and policy-related issues. This study examines the relationship between Adverse Childhood Experiences for distinguishing offending patterns through late adolescence in a large sample of adjudicated juvenile offenders.
-
the relationship between Adverse Childhood Experiences ace and juvenile offending trajectories in a juvenile offender sample
Journal of Criminal Justice, 2015Co-Authors: Michael T Baglivio, Kevin T Wolff, Alexis R Piquero, Nathan EppsAbstract:Abstract Purpose Adverse Childhood Experiences have been identified as a key risk factor for offending and victimization, respectively. At the same time, the extent to which such Experiences distinguish between unique groups of offenders who vary in their longitudinal offending patterns remains an open question, one that is pertinent to both theoretical and policy-related issues. This study examines the relationship between Adverse Childhood Experiences for distinguishing offending patterns through late adolescence in a large sample of adjudicated juvenile offenders. Methods The current study uses data from 64,000 adjudicated juvenile offenders in the State of Florida. We use Semi-Parametric Group-Based Method (SPGM) to identify different latent groups of official offending trajectories based on individual variation over time from ages 7 to 17. Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine which measures, including the ACE score, distinguished between trajectory groups. Results Findings indicate five latent trajectory offending groups of offending through age 17 and that increased exposure to multiple Adverse Childhood Experiences distinguishes early-onset and chronic offending from other patterns of offending, net of several controls across demographic, individual risk, familial risk, and personal history domains. Conclusions Childhood maltreatment as measured by the cumulative stressor Adverse Childhood Experiences score influences official offending trajectories.
