The Experts below are selected from a list of 1350612 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Edward Goldstein - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
on the role of different Age Groups during pertussis epidemics in california 2010 and 2014
Epidemiology and Infection, 2019Co-Authors: Ayesha S Mahmud, Marc Lipsitch, Edward GoldsteinAbstract:There is limited information on the roles of different Age Groups in propagating pertussis outbreaks, and the temporal changes in those roles since the introduction of acellular pertussis vaccines. The relative roles of different Age Groups in propagating the 2010 and the 2014 pertussis epidemics in California were evaluated using the relative risk (RR) statistic that measures the change in the group's proportion among all detected cases before vs. after the epidemic peak. For the 2010-11 epidemic, evidence for a predominant transmission Age group was weak, with the largest RR estimates being 1.26 (95% CI 1.08-1.46) (Aged 11-13 years); 1.19 (1.01-1.4) (Aged 9-10 years); 1.17 (0.86-1.59) (Aged 14-15 years); 1.12 (0.86-1.46) (Aged 16-19 years) and 1.1 (0.89-1.36) (Aged 7-8 years). The 2014 epidemic showed a strong signal of the role of older adolescents, with the highest RR estimate being in those Aged 14-15 years (RR = 1.83, 1.61-2.07), followed by adolescents Aged 16-19 years (RR = 1.41, 1.24-1.61) and 11-13 years (RR = 1.26, 1.12-1.41), with lower RR estimates in other Age Groups. As the time following introduction of acellular pertussis vaccines in California progressed, older adolescents played an increasing role in transmission during the major pertussis outbreaks. Booster pertussis vaccination for older adolescents with vaccines effective against pertussis transmission should be considered with the aim of mitigating future pertussis epidemics in the community.
-
on the role of different Age Groups during pertussis epidemics in california 2010 and 2014
bioRxiv, 2018Co-Authors: Ayesha S Mahmud, Marc Lipsitch, Edward GoldsteinAbstract:Background: There is limited information on the roles of different Age Groups in propagating pertussis outbreaks, and the temporal changes in those roles since the introduction of acellular pertussis vaccines. Methods: The relative roles of different Age Groups in propagating the 2010 and the 2014 pertussis epidemics in California were evaluated using the RR statistic that measures the change in the proportion of the given Age group among all detected cases before-vs.-after the epidemic peak. Results: For the 2010-11 epidemic, evidence for a predominant transmission Age group was weak, with the largest RR estimates being 1.26(95%CI (1.08,1.46)) (Aged 11-13y); 1.19(1.01,1.4) (Aged 9-10y); 1.17(0.86,1.59) (Aged 14-15y); 1.12(0.86,1.46) (Aged 16-19y); and 1.1(0.89,1.36) (Aged 7-8y). The 2014 epidemic showed a strong signal of the role of older adolescents, with the highest RR estimate being in those Aged 14-15y (RR=1.83(1.61,2.07)), followed by adolescents Aged 16-19y (RR=1.41(1.24,1.61)) and 11-13y (RR=1.26(1.12,1.41)), with lower RR estimates in other Age Groups. Conclusions: As the time following introduction of acellular pertussis vaccines in California progressed, older adolescents played an increasing role in transmission during the major pertussis outbreaks. Pertussis vaccination for older adolescents with vaccines effective against pertussis transmission should be considered with the aim of mitigating future pertussis epidemics in the community.
-
on the relative role of different Age Groups in influenza epidemics
Epidemics, 2015Co-Authors: Colin J Worby, Sandra S Chaves, Jacco Wallinga, Marc Lipsitch, Lyn Finelli, Edward GoldsteinAbstract:The identification of key "driver" Groups in influenza epidemics is of much interest for the implementation of effective public health response strategies, including vaccination programs. However, the relative importance of different Age Groups in propagating epidemics is uncertain. During a communicable disease outbreak, some Groups may be disproportionately represented during the outbreak's ascent due to increased susceptibility and/or contact rates. Such Groups or subpopulations can be identified by considering the proportion of cases within the subpopulation occurring before (Bp) and after the epidemic peak (Ap) to calculate the subpopulation's relative risk, RR=Bp/Ap. We estimated RR for several subpopulations (Age Groups) using data on laboratory-confirmed US influenza hospitalizations during epidemics between 2009-2014. Additionally, we simulated various influenza outbreaks in an Age-stratified population, relating the RR to the impact of vaccination in each subpopulation on the epidemic's initial effective reproductive number R_e(0). We found that children Aged 5-17 had the highest estimates of RR during the five largest influenza A outbreaks, though the relative magnitude of RR in this Age group compared to other Age Groups varied, being highest for the 2009 A/H1N1 pandemic. For the 2010-2011 and 2012-2013 influenza B epidemics, adults Aged 18-49, and 0-4 year-olds had the highest estimates of RR respectively. For 83% of simulated epidemics, the group with the highest RR was also the group for which initial distribution of a given quantity of vaccine would result in the largest reduction of R_e(0). In the largest 40% of simulated outbreaks, the group with the highest RR and the largest vaccination impact was children 5-17. While the relative importance of different Age Groups in propagating influenza outbreaks varies, children Aged 5-17 play the leading role during the largest influenza A epidemics. Extra vaccination efforts for this group may contribute to reducing the epidemic's impact in the whole community.
Ayesha S Mahmud - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
on the role of different Age Groups during pertussis epidemics in california 2010 and 2014
Epidemiology and Infection, 2019Co-Authors: Ayesha S Mahmud, Marc Lipsitch, Edward GoldsteinAbstract:There is limited information on the roles of different Age Groups in propagating pertussis outbreaks, and the temporal changes in those roles since the introduction of acellular pertussis vaccines. The relative roles of different Age Groups in propagating the 2010 and the 2014 pertussis epidemics in California were evaluated using the relative risk (RR) statistic that measures the change in the group's proportion among all detected cases before vs. after the epidemic peak. For the 2010-11 epidemic, evidence for a predominant transmission Age group was weak, with the largest RR estimates being 1.26 (95% CI 1.08-1.46) (Aged 11-13 years); 1.19 (1.01-1.4) (Aged 9-10 years); 1.17 (0.86-1.59) (Aged 14-15 years); 1.12 (0.86-1.46) (Aged 16-19 years) and 1.1 (0.89-1.36) (Aged 7-8 years). The 2014 epidemic showed a strong signal of the role of older adolescents, with the highest RR estimate being in those Aged 14-15 years (RR = 1.83, 1.61-2.07), followed by adolescents Aged 16-19 years (RR = 1.41, 1.24-1.61) and 11-13 years (RR = 1.26, 1.12-1.41), with lower RR estimates in other Age Groups. As the time following introduction of acellular pertussis vaccines in California progressed, older adolescents played an increasing role in transmission during the major pertussis outbreaks. Booster pertussis vaccination for older adolescents with vaccines effective against pertussis transmission should be considered with the aim of mitigating future pertussis epidemics in the community.
-
on the role of different Age Groups during pertussis epidemics in california 2010 and 2014
bioRxiv, 2018Co-Authors: Ayesha S Mahmud, Marc Lipsitch, Edward GoldsteinAbstract:Background: There is limited information on the roles of different Age Groups in propagating pertussis outbreaks, and the temporal changes in those roles since the introduction of acellular pertussis vaccines. Methods: The relative roles of different Age Groups in propagating the 2010 and the 2014 pertussis epidemics in California were evaluated using the RR statistic that measures the change in the proportion of the given Age group among all detected cases before-vs.-after the epidemic peak. Results: For the 2010-11 epidemic, evidence for a predominant transmission Age group was weak, with the largest RR estimates being 1.26(95%CI (1.08,1.46)) (Aged 11-13y); 1.19(1.01,1.4) (Aged 9-10y); 1.17(0.86,1.59) (Aged 14-15y); 1.12(0.86,1.46) (Aged 16-19y); and 1.1(0.89,1.36) (Aged 7-8y). The 2014 epidemic showed a strong signal of the role of older adolescents, with the highest RR estimate being in those Aged 14-15y (RR=1.83(1.61,2.07)), followed by adolescents Aged 16-19y (RR=1.41(1.24,1.61)) and 11-13y (RR=1.26(1.12,1.41)), with lower RR estimates in other Age Groups. Conclusions: As the time following introduction of acellular pertussis vaccines in California progressed, older adolescents played an increasing role in transmission during the major pertussis outbreaks. Pertussis vaccination for older adolescents with vaccines effective against pertussis transmission should be considered with the aim of mitigating future pertussis epidemics in the community.
Emerson Franchini - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
maximal isometric handgrip strength in judo athletes from different Age Groups
Sport Sciences for Health, 2020Co-Authors: Emerson Franchini, Juliano Schwartz, Monica Yuri TakitoAbstract:This study aimed to compare the maximal isometric handgrip strength of 546 male judo athletes from different Age Groups (Cadet = 58; Junior = 118; Senior = 220; 30–39 years = 108; 40–49 years = 31; 51–59 years = 16). Absolute and relative values were calculated for each hand and for the sum of both hands. Age Groups were compared through a one-way analysis of variance, followed by Tukey test. The effect size was determined by partial eta squared. There was an effect of Age category for the right and left absolute handgrip strength, with lower values for the Cadets compared to all other Age Groups (p < 0.05). However, no Age category effect was found for relative variables. The differences in maximal isometric handgrip strength between Age Groups in judo are mainly related to differences in body mass. This suggests that judo can act as a relevant intervention to handgrip strength.
-
a comparison of time motion performance between Age Groups in judo matches
Journal of Sports Sciences, 2012Co-Authors: Bianca Miarka, Ursula Ferreira Julio, Valeria Leme Goncalves Panissa, Fabricio Boscolo Del Vecchio, Michel Calmet, Emerson FranchiniAbstract:Abstract The aim of this study was to compare time-motion indicators during judo matches performed by athletes from different Age Groups. The following Age Groups were analysed: Pre-Juvenile (13–14 years, n = 522), Juvenile (15–16 years, n = 353); Junior (19 years, n = 349) and Senior (>20 years, n = 587). The time-motion indicators included: Total Combat Time, Standing Combat Time, Displacement Without Contact, Gripping Time, Groundwork Combat Time and Pause Time. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) one-way and the Tukey test, as well as the Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney (for non-parametric data), were conducted, using P < 0.05 as significance level. The results showed that all analysed Groups obtained a median of 7 (first quantile - 3, third quantile - 12) sequences of combat/pause cycles. In total time of combat, the result was: for Total Combat Time, Standing Combat Time and Gripping Time: Pre-Juvenile and Senior were significantly longer than Juvenile and Junior. Considering Displacement Without Cont...
-
tracking 10 year competitive winning performance of judo athletes across Age Groups
Perceptual and Motor Skills, 2011Co-Authors: Ursula Ferreira Julio, Monica Yuri Takito, Stanislaw Sterkowicz, Bianca Miarka, Leandro Carlos Mazzei, Emerson FranchiniAbstract:Little information is available concerning early specialization and competitive success in judo across the early training years. Thus, the present objective was to verify the stability of individual competitive performance of a state-level championship for judo athletes who had been previously successful. For this, 406 athletes from six Age Groups (9 to 20+ years old) of each sex were followed for 10 years. Using recorded data from the Sao Paulo State Judo Federation beginning in 1999, the scores and standings for these judo players were analyzed. The proportion of medal winners during this period was not constant, differing from the grand mean in all Groups of both 204 males and 202 females. At the end of this period, only 7% of the male and 5% of the female athletes had maintained their competitive levels. Successful competitive performance in early judo competition was not associated with success later in adulthood.
Thompson K.m. - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
The potential impact of expanding target Age Groups for polio immunization campaigns
BioMed Central, 2014Co-Authors: Duintjer Tebbens R.j., Kalkowska D.a., Wassilak S.g.f., Cochi S.l., Thompson K.m.Abstract:Background Global efforts to eradicate wild polioviruses (WPVs) continue to face challenges due to uninterrupted endemic WPV transmission in three countries and importation-related outbreaks into previously polio-free countries. We explore the potential role of including older children and adults in supplemental immunization activities (SIAs) to more rapidly increase population immunity and prevent or stop transmission. Methods We use a differential equation-based dynamic poliovirus transmission model to analyze the epidemiological impact and vaccine resource implications of expanding target Age Groups in SIAs. We explore the use of older Age Groups in SIAs for three situations: alternative responses to the 2010 outbreak in Tajikistan, retrospective examination of elimination in two high-risk states in northern India, and prospective and retrospective strategies to accelerate elimination in endemic northwestern Nigeria. Our model recognizes the ability of individuals with waned mucosal immunity (i.e., immunity from a historical live poliovirus infection) to become re-infected and contribute to transmission to a limited extent. Results SIAs involving expanded Age Groups reduce overall caseloads, decrease transmission, and generally lead to a small reduction in the time to achieve WPV elimination. Analysis of preventive expanded Age group SIAs in Tajikistan or prior to type-specific surges in incidence in high-risk areas of India and Nigeria showed the greatest potential benefits of expanded Age Groups. Analysis of expanded Age group SIAs in outbreak situations or to accelerate the interruption of endemic transmission showed relatively less benefit, largely due to the circulation of WPV reaching individuals sooner or more effectively than the SIAs. The India and Nigeria results depend strongly on how well SIAs involving expanded Age Groups reach relatively isolated subpopulations that sustain clusters of susceptible children, which we assume play a key role in persistent endemic WPV transmission in these areas. Conclusions This study suggests the need to carefully consider the epidemiological situation in the context of decisions to use expanded Age group SIAs. Subpopulations of susceptible individuals may independently sustain transmission, which will reduce the overall benefits associated with using expanded Age group SIAs to increase population immunity to a sufficiently high level to stop transmission and reduce the incidence of paralytic case
-
The potential impact of expanding target Age Groups for polio immunization campaigns
'Springer Science and Business Media LLC', 2014Co-Authors: Duintjer Tebbens R.j., Kalkowska D.a., Wassilak S.g.f., Cochi S.l., Thompson K.m.Abstract:Background Global efforts to eradicate wild polioviruses (WPVs) continue to face challenges due to uninterrupted endemic WPV transmission in three countries and importation-related outbreaks into previously polio-free countries. We explore the potential role of including older children and adults in supplemental immunization activities (SIAs) to more rapidly increase population immunity and prevent or stop transmission. Methods We use a differential equation-based dynamic poliovirus transmission model to analyze the epidemiological impact and vaccine resource implications of expanding target Age Groups in SIAs. We explore the use of older Age Groups in SIAs for three situations: alternative responses to the 2010 outbreak in Tajikistan, retrospective examination of elimination in two high-risk states in northern India, and prospective and retrospective strategies to accelerate elimination in endemic northwestern Nigeria. Our model recognizes the ability of individuals with waned mucosal immunity (i.e., immunity from a historical live poliovirus infection) to become re-infected and contribute to transmission to a limited extent. Results SIAs involving expanded Age Groups reduce overall caseloads, decrease transmission, and generally lead to a small reduction in the time to achieve WPV elimination. Analysis of preventive expanded Age group SIAs in Tajikistan or prior to type-specific surges in incidence in high-risk areas of India and Nigeria showed the greatest potential benefits of expanded Age Groups. Analysis of expanded Age group SIAs in outbreak situations or to accelerate the interruption of endemic transmission showed relatively less benefit, largely due to the circulation of WPV reaching individuals sooner or more effectively than the SIAs. The India and Nigeria results depend strongly on how well SIAs involving expanded Age Groups reach relatively isolated subpopulations that sustain clusters of susceptible children, which we assume play a key role in persistent endemic WPV transmission in these areas. Conclusions This study suggests the need to carefully consider the epidemiological situation in the context of decisions to use expanded Age group SIAs. Subpopulations of susceptible individuals may independently sustain transmission, which will reduce the overall benefits associated with using expanded Age group SIAs to increase population immunity to a sufficiently high level to stop transmission and reduce the incidence of paralytic casesDelft Institute of Applied MathematicsElectrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Scienc
Marc Lipsitch - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
on the role of different Age Groups during pertussis epidemics in california 2010 and 2014
Epidemiology and Infection, 2019Co-Authors: Ayesha S Mahmud, Marc Lipsitch, Edward GoldsteinAbstract:There is limited information on the roles of different Age Groups in propagating pertussis outbreaks, and the temporal changes in those roles since the introduction of acellular pertussis vaccines. The relative roles of different Age Groups in propagating the 2010 and the 2014 pertussis epidemics in California were evaluated using the relative risk (RR) statistic that measures the change in the group's proportion among all detected cases before vs. after the epidemic peak. For the 2010-11 epidemic, evidence for a predominant transmission Age group was weak, with the largest RR estimates being 1.26 (95% CI 1.08-1.46) (Aged 11-13 years); 1.19 (1.01-1.4) (Aged 9-10 years); 1.17 (0.86-1.59) (Aged 14-15 years); 1.12 (0.86-1.46) (Aged 16-19 years) and 1.1 (0.89-1.36) (Aged 7-8 years). The 2014 epidemic showed a strong signal of the role of older adolescents, with the highest RR estimate being in those Aged 14-15 years (RR = 1.83, 1.61-2.07), followed by adolescents Aged 16-19 years (RR = 1.41, 1.24-1.61) and 11-13 years (RR = 1.26, 1.12-1.41), with lower RR estimates in other Age Groups. As the time following introduction of acellular pertussis vaccines in California progressed, older adolescents played an increasing role in transmission during the major pertussis outbreaks. Booster pertussis vaccination for older adolescents with vaccines effective against pertussis transmission should be considered with the aim of mitigating future pertussis epidemics in the community.
-
on the role of different Age Groups during pertussis epidemics in california 2010 and 2014
bioRxiv, 2018Co-Authors: Ayesha S Mahmud, Marc Lipsitch, Edward GoldsteinAbstract:Background: There is limited information on the roles of different Age Groups in propagating pertussis outbreaks, and the temporal changes in those roles since the introduction of acellular pertussis vaccines. Methods: The relative roles of different Age Groups in propagating the 2010 and the 2014 pertussis epidemics in California were evaluated using the RR statistic that measures the change in the proportion of the given Age group among all detected cases before-vs.-after the epidemic peak. Results: For the 2010-11 epidemic, evidence for a predominant transmission Age group was weak, with the largest RR estimates being 1.26(95%CI (1.08,1.46)) (Aged 11-13y); 1.19(1.01,1.4) (Aged 9-10y); 1.17(0.86,1.59) (Aged 14-15y); 1.12(0.86,1.46) (Aged 16-19y); and 1.1(0.89,1.36) (Aged 7-8y). The 2014 epidemic showed a strong signal of the role of older adolescents, with the highest RR estimate being in those Aged 14-15y (RR=1.83(1.61,2.07)), followed by adolescents Aged 16-19y (RR=1.41(1.24,1.61)) and 11-13y (RR=1.26(1.12,1.41)), with lower RR estimates in other Age Groups. Conclusions: As the time following introduction of acellular pertussis vaccines in California progressed, older adolescents played an increasing role in transmission during the major pertussis outbreaks. Pertussis vaccination for older adolescents with vaccines effective against pertussis transmission should be considered with the aim of mitigating future pertussis epidemics in the community.
-
on the relative role of different Age Groups in influenza epidemics
Epidemics, 2015Co-Authors: Colin J Worby, Sandra S Chaves, Jacco Wallinga, Marc Lipsitch, Lyn Finelli, Edward GoldsteinAbstract:The identification of key "driver" Groups in influenza epidemics is of much interest for the implementation of effective public health response strategies, including vaccination programs. However, the relative importance of different Age Groups in propagating epidemics is uncertain. During a communicable disease outbreak, some Groups may be disproportionately represented during the outbreak's ascent due to increased susceptibility and/or contact rates. Such Groups or subpopulations can be identified by considering the proportion of cases within the subpopulation occurring before (Bp) and after the epidemic peak (Ap) to calculate the subpopulation's relative risk, RR=Bp/Ap. We estimated RR for several subpopulations (Age Groups) using data on laboratory-confirmed US influenza hospitalizations during epidemics between 2009-2014. Additionally, we simulated various influenza outbreaks in an Age-stratified population, relating the RR to the impact of vaccination in each subpopulation on the epidemic's initial effective reproductive number R_e(0). We found that children Aged 5-17 had the highest estimates of RR during the five largest influenza A outbreaks, though the relative magnitude of RR in this Age group compared to other Age Groups varied, being highest for the 2009 A/H1N1 pandemic. For the 2010-2011 and 2012-2013 influenza B epidemics, adults Aged 18-49, and 0-4 year-olds had the highest estimates of RR respectively. For 83% of simulated epidemics, the group with the highest RR was also the group for which initial distribution of a given quantity of vaccine would result in the largest reduction of R_e(0). In the largest 40% of simulated outbreaks, the group with the highest RR and the largest vaccination impact was children 5-17. While the relative importance of different Age Groups in propagating influenza outbreaks varies, children Aged 5-17 play the leading role during the largest influenza A epidemics. Extra vaccination efforts for this group may contribute to reducing the epidemic's impact in the whole community.