The Experts below are selected from a list of 7713 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Bo Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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biofuel production from distillers dried grains with solubles ddgs co fed with waste Agricultural Plastic mulching films via microwave assisted catalytic fast pyrolysis using microwave absorbent and hierarchical zsm 5 mcm 41 catalyst
Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 2018Co-Authors: Bo Zhang, Zhaoping Zhong, Tong Li, Xiaojia Wang, Roger RuanAbstract:Abstract Microwave-assisted catalytic fast co-pyrolysis (co-MACFP) of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) and waste Agricultural Plastic mulching films (WAPMFs) with SiC as microwave absorbent and hierarchical ZSM-5/MCM-41 as catalyst are implemented in a microwave-induced reactor. MCM-41 mesoporous structure is formed in hierarchical ZSM-5/MCM-41 catalyst as the outer shell layer coupled with ZSM-5 as the inside core. Experimental results show that the use of both microwave absorbent and hierarchical ZSM-5/MCM-41 catalyst significantly increase the carbon yield of hydrocarbons in bio-oil. The influence of co-MACFP temperature and the mass ratio of WAPMFs to DDGS (W/D ratio) on product distribution and hydrocarbon composition is investigated. The total liquid yield and total hydrocarbon carbon yield in bio-oil first increase with the augment of temperature from 500 to 650 °C, and then decrease when temperature continues to rise. Besides, a higher W/D ratio can favor bio-oil production and retard coke formation, and a significant synergy between DDGS and WAPMFs is observed during co-MACFP. Additionally, from the perspective of hydrocarbon carbon yield in bio-oil, W/D ratio of 1.0 is the best option.
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Biofuel production from distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) co-fed with waste Agricultural Plastic mulching films via microwave-assisted catalytic fast pyrolysis using microwave absorbent and hierarchical ZSM-5/MCM-41 catalyst
Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 2018Co-Authors: Bo Zhang, Zhaoping Zhong, Xiaojia Wang, Zeyu Xue, Roger RuanAbstract:Abstract Microwave-assisted catalytic fast co-pyrolysis (co-MACFP) of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) and waste Agricultural Plastic mulching films (WAPMFs) with SiC as microwave absorbent and hierarchical ZSM-5/MCM-41 as catalyst are implemented in a microwave-induced reactor. MCM-41 mesoporous structure is formed in hierarchical ZSM-5/MCM-41 catalyst as the outer shell layer coupled with ZSM-5 as the inside core. Experimental results show that the use of both microwave absorbent and hierarchical ZSM-5/MCM-41 catalyst significantly increase the carbon yield of hydrocarbons in bio-oil. The influence of co-MACFP temperature and the mass ratio of WAPMFs to DDGS (W/D ratio) on product distribution and hydrocarbon composition is investigated. The total liquid yield and total hydrocarbon carbon yield in bio-oil first increase with the augment of temperature from 500 to 650 °C, and then decrease when temperature continues to rise. Besides, a higher W/D ratio can favor bio-oil production and retard coke formation, and a significant synergy between DDGS and WAPMFs is observed during co-MACFP. Additionally, from the perspective of hydrocarbon carbon yield in bio-oil, W/D ratio of 1.0 is the best option.
Roger Ruan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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biofuel production from distillers dried grains with solubles ddgs co fed with waste Agricultural Plastic mulching films via microwave assisted catalytic fast pyrolysis using microwave absorbent and hierarchical zsm 5 mcm 41 catalyst
Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 2018Co-Authors: Bo Zhang, Zhaoping Zhong, Tong Li, Xiaojia Wang, Roger RuanAbstract:Abstract Microwave-assisted catalytic fast co-pyrolysis (co-MACFP) of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) and waste Agricultural Plastic mulching films (WAPMFs) with SiC as microwave absorbent and hierarchical ZSM-5/MCM-41 as catalyst are implemented in a microwave-induced reactor. MCM-41 mesoporous structure is formed in hierarchical ZSM-5/MCM-41 catalyst as the outer shell layer coupled with ZSM-5 as the inside core. Experimental results show that the use of both microwave absorbent and hierarchical ZSM-5/MCM-41 catalyst significantly increase the carbon yield of hydrocarbons in bio-oil. The influence of co-MACFP temperature and the mass ratio of WAPMFs to DDGS (W/D ratio) on product distribution and hydrocarbon composition is investigated. The total liquid yield and total hydrocarbon carbon yield in bio-oil first increase with the augment of temperature from 500 to 650 °C, and then decrease when temperature continues to rise. Besides, a higher W/D ratio can favor bio-oil production and retard coke formation, and a significant synergy between DDGS and WAPMFs is observed during co-MACFP. Additionally, from the perspective of hydrocarbon carbon yield in bio-oil, W/D ratio of 1.0 is the best option.
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Biofuel production from distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) co-fed with waste Agricultural Plastic mulching films via microwave-assisted catalytic fast pyrolysis using microwave absorbent and hierarchical ZSM-5/MCM-41 catalyst
Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 2018Co-Authors: Bo Zhang, Zhaoping Zhong, Xiaojia Wang, Zeyu Xue, Roger RuanAbstract:Abstract Microwave-assisted catalytic fast co-pyrolysis (co-MACFP) of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) and waste Agricultural Plastic mulching films (WAPMFs) with SiC as microwave absorbent and hierarchical ZSM-5/MCM-41 as catalyst are implemented in a microwave-induced reactor. MCM-41 mesoporous structure is formed in hierarchical ZSM-5/MCM-41 catalyst as the outer shell layer coupled with ZSM-5 as the inside core. Experimental results show that the use of both microwave absorbent and hierarchical ZSM-5/MCM-41 catalyst significantly increase the carbon yield of hydrocarbons in bio-oil. The influence of co-MACFP temperature and the mass ratio of WAPMFs to DDGS (W/D ratio) on product distribution and hydrocarbon composition is investigated. The total liquid yield and total hydrocarbon carbon yield in bio-oil first increase with the augment of temperature from 500 to 650 °C, and then decrease when temperature continues to rise. Besides, a higher W/D ratio can favor bio-oil production and retard coke formation, and a significant synergy between DDGS and WAPMFs is observed during co-MACFP. Additionally, from the perspective of hydrocarbon carbon yield in bio-oil, W/D ratio of 1.0 is the best option.
Akwasi A. Boateng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Coprocessing of Agricultural Plastic Waste and Switchgrass via Tail Gas Reactive Pyrolysis
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2015Co-Authors: Christina Dorado, Charles A. Mullen, Akwasi A. BoatengAbstract:Pyrolysis of mixtures of Agricultural Plastic waste in the form of polyethylene hay bale covers (PE) (4–37%) and switchgrass were investigated using the US Department of Agriculture’s tail gas reactive pyrolysis (TGRP) process at different temperatures (400–570 °C). TGRP of switchgrass and Plastic mixtures significantly reduced the formation of waxy solids that are produced during regular pyrolysis. Under an atmosphere of approximately 70% recycled tail gas, mostly noncondensable gases were produced along with highly deoxygenated and aromaticized pyrolysis oil. When the atmosphere was diluted further to a recycled tail gas concentration of about 55%, higher yields of liquid product were achieved but with less deoxygenation. TGRP of low Plastic mixtures (4–8%) produced oils with increased carbon and reduced oxygen content compared to the fast pyrolysis of switchgrass alone. Noncondensable gas fractions containing high concentrations of H2, CO, ethylene, and other light hydrocarbons remained a significant p...
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Coprocessing of Agricultural Plastic Waste and Switchgrass via Tail Gas Reactive Pyrolysis
2015Co-Authors: Christina Dorado, Charles A. Mullen, Akwasi A. BoatengAbstract:Pyrolysis of mixtures of Agricultural Plastic waste in the form of polyethylene hay bale covers (PE) (4–37%) and switchgrass were investigated using the US Department of Agriculture’s tail gas reactive pyrolysis (TGRP) process at different temperatures (400–570 °C). TGRP of switchgrass and Plastic mixtures significantly reduced the formation of waxy solids that are produced during regular pyrolysis. Under an atmosphere of approximately 70% recycled tail gas, mostly noncondensable gases were produced along with highly deoxygenated and aromaticized pyrolysis oil. When the atmosphere was diluted further to a recycled tail gas concentration of about 55%, higher yields of liquid product were achieved but with less deoxygenation. TGRP of low Plastic mixtures (4–8%) produced oils with increased carbon and reduced oxygen content compared to the fast pyrolysis of switchgrass alone. Noncondensable gas fractions containing high concentrations of H2, CO, ethylene, and other light hydrocarbons remained a significant portion of the product mixture at temperatures above 500 °C
Ondřej Mašek - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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investigation of biomass and Agricultural Plastic co pyrolysis effect on biochar yield and properties
Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 2021Co-Authors: Dilani Rathnayake, Ondřej Mašek, Polycarp Onosedeba Ehidiamhen, Caleb Elijah Egene, Christian V Stevens, Erik Meers, Frederik RonsseAbstract:Abstract Complete separation of mixed Plastic and biomass waste is a technically difficult, laborious, expensive and time-consuming process. Hence, co-pyrolysis of these Agricultural waste streams with low levels of Plastic contamination presents a novel approach for the management of these Plastic containing wastes, producing stable forms of carbon with potential use in environmental, Agricultural and industrial applications. In this study, spent growing medium along with Plastic growing bags, and bean crop residues along with mulching sheets were selected to assess how the presence of Plastics would affect the characteristics of the biochars produced. These feedstocks were combined in mass ratios (of Plastic in the biomass-Plastic mixture) of 0, 0.25, 2.5, 5 and 10%. The resulting feedstock underwent slow pyrolysis in a fixed bed pyrolysis reactor at a temperature of 550 °C to ensure complete conversion of the Plastic components of the feedstock. From the results obtained from pyrolysis, low ratios of Plastic were found to have a positive impact on biochar yield, while high Plastic ratios were found to have negative effect. Higher level of Plastic in the feedstock have resulted peculiar functional groups in the biochar, including carboxylate anions, amides and aromatic groups. Biochars produced from spent growing medium along with Plastic grow bags (GM biochars) showed no phytotoxic effect, irrespective of the concentration of Plastic contamination in the feedstock. Biochars produced from bean crop residues along with mulching sheets (BM biochars) on the other hand showed high level of phytotoxicity (zero germination), irrespective of level of Plastic contamination. After washing all BM biochar, very low phytotoxicity levels with no statistically significant effect of Plastic contamination were observed, with the exception of 10BM that showed somewhat a reduced germination rate (93%). The results of this study will be beneficial for determining the tolerable level of Plastic contamination in managing mixed Agricultural waste biomass and to produce biochars suitable for environmental, Agricultural and/or industrial applications.
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Designing an optimised supply network for sustainable conversion of waste Agricultural Plastics into higher value products
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2018Co-Authors: Athanasios Rentizelas, Agnessa Shpakova, Ondřej MašekAbstract:Agricultural Plastics are currently characterised by a predominantly linear take-make-dispose value chain, thus being a major stream of waste that contributes to significant environmental and economic issues. Therefore, policy makers have recently indicated the adoption of circular economy approaches as the way forward for Plastics. This study addresses the problem of Agricultural Plastic waste as a major stream of landfilled waste by assessing the potential for recycling the Plastic into higher value products through pyrolysis and by optimally designing the respective supply network to support this process. A Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model is developed to optimise the end-to-end supply network design, from the waste generation stage up to the end consumer of the produced material. The model is supported by experimental results on the pyrolysis performance for contaminated Plastic samples. The model is applied in a case study of the Scottish Agricultural sector to showcase its potential in assessing the feasibility and financial viability in addition to the positive environmental impact on Agricultural Plastic waste supply networks. The results demonstrate the potential of using the pyrolysis technology for Agricultural Plastic waste recycling as an example of a circular economy approach and the benefits of using the developed model for decision making purposes, as well as the potential for waste reduction and the implications for farmers’ operations.
Giuliano Vox - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Quantification of Agricultural Plastic waste for the determination of territorial indexes
RIVISTA DI STUDI SULLA SOSTENIBILITA', 2018Co-Authors: Carmela Sica, Evelia Schettini, Giuliano VoxAbstract:The aim of the paper is the definition of territorial indexes to evaluate the quantity of Agricultural Plastic waste in a geographical region due to the main crop cultivations of that area. The local Authority of the Barletta, Andria, Trani Province, Italy, has shown interest to introduce modernization actions for the Agricultural Plastic waste management. The analysed territory is typically suited for vineyards, olive groves, and orchards. Several farms were examined by means of direct questions or compilation of questionnaires. Data gathered were elaborated in order to estimate territorial indexes as average values per year of the Agricultural Plastic waste quantities coming from different crops. The obtained results allowed to quantify the yearly generation of Agricultural Plastic waste as function of the typology.
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Agricultural Plastic waste mapping using GIS. A case study in Italy
Resources Conservation and Recycling, 2018Co-Authors: Ileana Blanco, Carmela Sica, Rosa Viviana Loisi, Evelia Schettini, Giuliano VoxAbstract:Abstract Plastic materials used in agriculture mostly derive from synthetic petro-chemical polymers. They require at the end of their lifetime a suitable waste management system for the collection and treatment. A research was carried out in order to define a GIS methodology for mapping the Agricultural Plastic waste on the land. The use in agriculture of Plastics in Barletta-Andria-Trani Province – Apulia Region – was investigated by applying orthophotos analysis and remote sensing survey. Besides purposed Plastic Waste Indexes were created to release land use to waste generation. The data were organized in a specific geo-database. The analysis showed that the Agricultural Plastic waste yearly produced from covering films was 627 kg ha−1, from the anti-hail nets was 159 kg ha−1, from nets for crop protection was 192 kg ha−1, from shading nets was 131 kg ha−1, from irrigation pipes was 104 kg ha−1. Through GIS, the areas with high density of Plastic wastes were pointed out and the suitable location of collection centres was defined. The produced maps and the GIS database can be always updatable tools, useful for monitoring and optimizing the collection of Agricultural Plastic waste from the farms and their transport to the recycling companies.
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Agricultural Plastic waste spatial estimation by Landsat 8 satellite images
Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 2017Co-Authors: Antonio Lanorte, Fortunato De Santis, Gabriele Nole, Rosa Viviana Loisi, Evelia Schettini, Ileana Blanco, Giuliano VoxAbstract:Abstract The use of Plastic materials in agriculture involves several benefits but it results in huge quantities of Agricultural Plastic waste to be disposed of. Input and output data on the use of Plastics in agriculture are often difficult to obtain and poor waste management schemes have been developed. The present research aims to estimate and map Agricultural Plastic waste by using satellite images. Waste was evaluated by means of the indexes relating waste production to crop type and Plastic application as defined by the land use map realized by classifying the Landsat 8 image. The image classification was carried out using Support Vector Machines (SVMs), and the accuracy assessment showed that the overall accuracy was 94.54% and the kappa coefficient equal to 0.934. Data on the Plastic waste obtained by the satellite land use map were compared with the data obtained by using the institutional land use map; a difference of 1.74% was identified on the overall quantity of waste.
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Land analysis of Agricultural Plastic waste production in a South Italy area by means of a geographical information system
Acta Horticulturae, 2017Co-Authors: Rosa Viviana Loisi, Carmela Sica, Giacomo Scarascia Mugnozza, Evelia Schettini, I. Blanco, Giuliano VoxAbstract:Plastic materials have been worldwide applied in agriculture for soil mulching, greenhouse covering, irrigation and drainage pipes, bags, containers, pots, and agrochemical containers. All of these Plastic materials require, at the end of their lifetime, suitable collection and treatment systems. Agricultural activities in some areas of the Apulia Region, Southern Italy, are characterized by huge quantities of Plastic wastes and local authorities and farmers associations have been interested in solving this problem by applying modern land management tools such as Geographical Information System (G.I.S.). In this paper a G.I.S. methodology is applied to an area of 10,200 ha in the Trani municipality, included in the Province of Barletta, Andria, Trani (BAT) - Apulia Region, in order to assess the Agricultural Plastic waste generation. The use of Plastics at the Agricultural farms has been investigated and related to the land use by applying statistical analysis, orthophoto analysis and remote sensing surveys. These data were introduced in a specific geo-database, and the Agricultural Plastic waste quantity and localization were defined. Vineyards and olive groves are scattered in this area, so the Agricultural Plastic waste mostly consists in irrigation pipes, after-use covering films and anti-hail nets used on vineyards. The analysis carried out showed that up to 614 kg ha-1of covering films waste are yearly produced in some areas while the estimation of waste from the anti-hail nets was up to 159 kg ha-1and the waste yearly produced from irrigation pipes was up to 83 kg ha-1. Through the use of the G.I.S., the areas with high density of Plastic wastes were pointed out thus allowing to determine the suitable location of temporary storage areas and collecting points, in order to optimize the transport of Agricultural Plastic waste from the farms to the collecting points and to the recycling firms
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Mapping of Agriculture Plastic Waste
Agriculture and Agricultural Science Procedia, 2016Co-Authors: Giuliano Vox, Giacomo Scarascia Mugnozza, Rosa Viviana Loisi, Ileana Blanco, Evelia SchettiniAbstract:Abstract The current intensification of the use of Plastic materials in agriculture, although has increased significantly the productivity, is also generating growing adverse effects on the environment of the agro-ecosystem. The agriculture is responsible for a massive use of Plastic materials, in addition to energy and water inputs, chemical fertilizer and pesticides. Besides the pollution generated during the manufacture, at the end of their lifetime Plastic materials used for crop covering, soil mulching, packaging, containers, pots, irrigation and drainage pipes, may became a pollution source when improperly disposed, leaved on the ground or burned. Instead the Agricultural Plastic waste (APW), if correctly collected, can be used as a new secondary raw material or as an energy source. An adequate APW management can prevent economical losses and environmental damages. The territory of the Barletta, Andria, Trani Province (BAT), in the Apulia Region, South Italy, is an Agricultural area characterized by vineyards, olive groves, orchards and vegetables; it represents an area of intense production of Plastic wastes and with a widespread problem linked to the application of unacceptable disposal practices. The goal of this study is to define and quantify the different types of Plastic waste produced by the Agricultural practice in a restricted area of the municipal area of Trani and Barletta, to localize the points where the most remarkable quantities of them are generated, and to provide the local Authorities and the decision makers of a useful tool for implementing an efficient and effective waste management. A dedicated geo-referenced database was designed using land use maps in a GIS environment and applying a methodology that can be functional for any kind of Agricultural Plastic waste. The resulting database gives updated and complete information on the Plastic waste generation, over the land, related to the cultivation kind.