The Experts below are selected from a list of 87 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Max K Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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near source Air Quality Impact of a distributed natural gas combined heat and power facility
Environmental Pollution, 2019Co-Authors: Bo Yang, Tong Zhang, Max K ZhangAbstract:Abstract The wide adoption of combined heat and power (CHP) can not only improve energy efficiency, but also strengthens energy system resiliency. While CHP reduces overall emissions compared to generating the same amount of electricity and heat separately, its on-site nature also means that CHP facilities operate in populated areas, raising concerns over their near-source Air Quality Impact. Evaluation of the near-source Impact of distributed CHP is limited by emission data availability, especially in terms of particulate matter (PM). In this paper, we report on stack emission testing results of a community-scale CHP plant with two natural gas turbine units (15 MW each) from measurements conducted in both 2010 and 2015, and assess the near-source Air Quality Impact using an integrated modeling framework using the stack test results, site-specific meteorological data and terrain profiles with buildings. The NOx removal efficiency by selective catalytic reduction (SCR) is estimated to be ∼83% according to the emission testing. The integrated framework employs AERMOD to screen Air Quality in a 2.7 km × 2.3 km domain from 2011 to 2015 to identify the highest ground-level concentrations (GLCs). Examining the corresponding meteorological conditions, we find that those high GLCs appeared during the stable atmospheric boundary layer with relative high wind speed. Next, the worse-case scenarios identified from the screening process are simulated using the detailed Unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) model coupled with a chemistry solver. The results generally show low GLCs of primary PM2.5 for this case study. However, our analysis also suggests greater building downwash Impacts with the presence of taller and denser urban structures. Therefore, the near-source Impact of natural gas-fired CHP in large metropolitan areas is worthy of further investigation.
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microenvironmental Air Quality Impact of a commercial scale biomass heating system
Environmental Pollution, 2017Co-Authors: Zheming Tong, Bo Yang, Philip K Hopke, Max K ZhangAbstract:Abstract Initiatives to displace petroleum and climate change mitigation have driven a recent increase in space heating with biomass combustion. However, there is ample evidence that biomass combustion emits significant quantities of health damaging pollutants. We investigated the near-source micro-environmental Air Quality Impact of a biomass-fueled combined heat and power system equipped with an electrostatic precipitator (ESP) in Syracuse, NY. Two rooftop sampling stations with PM 2.5 and CO 2 analyzers were established in such that one could capture the plume while the other one served as the background for comparison depending on the wind direction. Four sonic anemometers were deployed around the stack to quantify spatially and temporally resolved local wind patterns. Fuel-based emission factors were derived based on near-source measurement. The Comprehensive Turbulent Aerosol Dynamics and Gas Chemistry (CTAG) model was then applied to simulate the spatial variations of primary PM 2.5 without ESP. Our analysis shows that the absence of ESP could lead to an almost 7 times increase in near-source primary PM 2.5 concentrations with a maximum concentration above 100 μg m −3 at the building rooftop. The above-ground “hotspots” would pose potential health risks to building occupants since particles could penetrate indoors via infiltration, natural ventilation, and fresh Air intakes on the rooftop of multiple buildings. Our results demonstrated the importance of emission control for biomass combustion systems in urban area, and the need to take above-ground pollutant “hotspots” into account when permitting distributed generation. The effects of ambient wind speed and stack temperature, the suitability of Airport meteorological data on micro-environmental Air Quality were explored, and the implications on mitigating near-source Air pollution were discussed.
Shelina Sidi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Air Quality Impact assessment of at berth ship emissions case study for the project of a new freight port
Science of The Total Environment, 2010Co-Authors: G Lonati, S Cernuschi, Shelina SidiAbstract:Abstract This work is intended to assess the Impact on local Air Quality due to atmospheric emissions from port area activities for a new port in project in the Mediterranean Sea. The sources of Air pollutants in the harbour area are auxiliary engines used by ships at berth during loading/offloading operations. A fleet activity-based methodology is first applied to evaluate annual pollutant emissions (NOX, SOX, PM, CO and VOC) based on vessel traffic data, ships tonnage and in-port hotelling time for loading/offloading operations. The 3-dimensional Calpuff transport and dispersion model is then applied for the subsequent assessment of the ground level spatial distribution of atmospheric pollutants for both long-term and short-term averaging times. Compliance with current Air Quality standards in the port area is finally evaluated and indications for port operation are provided. Some methodological aspects of the Impact assessment procedure, namely those concerning the steps of emission scenario definitions and model simulations set-up at the project stage, are specifically addressed, suggesting a pragmatic approach for similar evaluations for small new ports in project.
Bo Yang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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near source Air Quality Impact of a distributed natural gas combined heat and power facility
Environmental Pollution, 2019Co-Authors: Bo Yang, Tong Zhang, Max K ZhangAbstract:Abstract The wide adoption of combined heat and power (CHP) can not only improve energy efficiency, but also strengthens energy system resiliency. While CHP reduces overall emissions compared to generating the same amount of electricity and heat separately, its on-site nature also means that CHP facilities operate in populated areas, raising concerns over their near-source Air Quality Impact. Evaluation of the near-source Impact of distributed CHP is limited by emission data availability, especially in terms of particulate matter (PM). In this paper, we report on stack emission testing results of a community-scale CHP plant with two natural gas turbine units (15 MW each) from measurements conducted in both 2010 and 2015, and assess the near-source Air Quality Impact using an integrated modeling framework using the stack test results, site-specific meteorological data and terrain profiles with buildings. The NOx removal efficiency by selective catalytic reduction (SCR) is estimated to be ∼83% according to the emission testing. The integrated framework employs AERMOD to screen Air Quality in a 2.7 km × 2.3 km domain from 2011 to 2015 to identify the highest ground-level concentrations (GLCs). Examining the corresponding meteorological conditions, we find that those high GLCs appeared during the stable atmospheric boundary layer with relative high wind speed. Next, the worse-case scenarios identified from the screening process are simulated using the detailed Unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) model coupled with a chemistry solver. The results generally show low GLCs of primary PM2.5 for this case study. However, our analysis also suggests greater building downwash Impacts with the presence of taller and denser urban structures. Therefore, the near-source Impact of natural gas-fired CHP in large metropolitan areas is worthy of further investigation.
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PHYSICS-BASED, DATA-DRIVEN MODELING OF MICRO-ENVIRONMENTAL Air Quality Impact FROM STATIONARY AND MOBILE SOURCES
2019Co-Authors: Bo YangAbstract:185 pagesPublic health studies have indicated strong correlations between Air pollution and adverse respiratory and cardiovascular effects, premature death, and mortality. Widely used in regulatory applications for permitting new sources and in health studies to estimate exposure, Gaussian-based atmospheric dispersion models play a crucial role in Air Quality management but have several well-documented limitations. The main challenge of improving dispersion models is how to represent the complex turbulent flow field from the source(s) to the receptor(s) at a local length scale (~ 1 km) with high resolutions (~ 1 m). At the local scale, built environment and/or moving vehicle induced turbulence have significant effects on the dispersion process. This dissertation presents the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modeling of the turbulent, reactive flow fields, the dispersion, and transformation of the Air pollutants from two major Air pollution sources, the power generation facilities and the highway vehicles. These two major sources could be close to communities and correspondingly raise local Air Quality concerns. For example, the hydrocarbon fueled distributed generation (DG) facilities are usually located near end-users and have shorter stacks than those of centralized power plants. Communities near major highways are exposed to elevated Air pollutant concentrations than those far away from highways. The methods proposed in this dissertation would improve dispersion models and thereby public health research. For the power generators, a CFD-aided Air pollutant dispersion parameterization method was developed, and it showed better performance than a regulatory dispersion model. This work was based on studies of a centralized power plant (1,235 MW), a simple cycled gas turbine (47 MW) with a heat recovery system, and a combined heat and power gas turbine (CHP, two units, 15 MW each). For the highway vehicles, NO2/NOx ratios at different plume evolution stages were clearly defined. Curbside measurement, on-road chasing measurement, and CFD simulations demonstrated on-road NO2 formation could be a large contributor of the total NO2 at the curbside, which was neglected in the current dispersion models. A CFD-aided on-road and near-road NO2/NOx ratio parameterization method was proposed and evaluated using curbside measurement data collected at an interstate highway
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microenvironmental Air Quality Impact of a commercial scale biomass heating system
Environmental Pollution, 2017Co-Authors: Zheming Tong, Bo Yang, Philip K Hopke, Max K ZhangAbstract:Abstract Initiatives to displace petroleum and climate change mitigation have driven a recent increase in space heating with biomass combustion. However, there is ample evidence that biomass combustion emits significant quantities of health damaging pollutants. We investigated the near-source micro-environmental Air Quality Impact of a biomass-fueled combined heat and power system equipped with an electrostatic precipitator (ESP) in Syracuse, NY. Two rooftop sampling stations with PM 2.5 and CO 2 analyzers were established in such that one could capture the plume while the other one served as the background for comparison depending on the wind direction. Four sonic anemometers were deployed around the stack to quantify spatially and temporally resolved local wind patterns. Fuel-based emission factors were derived based on near-source measurement. The Comprehensive Turbulent Aerosol Dynamics and Gas Chemistry (CTAG) model was then applied to simulate the spatial variations of primary PM 2.5 without ESP. Our analysis shows that the absence of ESP could lead to an almost 7 times increase in near-source primary PM 2.5 concentrations with a maximum concentration above 100 μg m −3 at the building rooftop. The above-ground “hotspots” would pose potential health risks to building occupants since particles could penetrate indoors via infiltration, natural ventilation, and fresh Air intakes on the rooftop of multiple buildings. Our results demonstrated the importance of emission control for biomass combustion systems in urban area, and the need to take above-ground pollutant “hotspots” into account when permitting distributed generation. The effects of ambient wind speed and stack temperature, the suitability of Airport meteorological data on micro-environmental Air Quality were explored, and the implications on mitigating near-source Air pollution were discussed.
Christine Wiedinmyer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Air Quality Impact of diffuse and inefficient combustion emissions in africa dice africa
Environmental Science & Technology, 2016Co-Authors: Eloise A Marais, Christine WiedinmyerAbstract:Anthropogenic pollution in Africa is dominated by diffuse and inefficient combustion sources, as electricity access is low and motorcycles and outdated cars proliferate. These sources are missing, out-of-date, or misrepresented in state-of-the-science emission inventories. We address these deficiencies with a detailed inventory of Diffuse and Inefficient Combustion Emissions in Africa (DICE-Africa) for 2006 and 2013. Fuelwood for energy is the largest emission source in DICE-Africa, but grows from 2006 to 2013 at a slower rate than charcoal production and use, and gasoline and diesel for motorcycles, cars, and generators. Only kerosene use and gas flaring decline. Increase in emissions from 2006 to 2013 in this work is consistent with trends in satellite observations of formaldehyde and NO2, but much slower than the explosive growth projected with a fuel consumption model. Seasonal biomass burning is considered a large pollution source in Africa, but we estimate comparable emissions of black carbon and hi...
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Air Quality Impact of diffuse and inefficient combustion emissions in africa dice africa
Environmental Science & Technology, 2016Co-Authors: Eloise A Marais, Christine WiedinmyerAbstract:Anthropogenic pollution in Africa is dominated by diffuse and inefficient combustion sources, as electricity access is low and motorcycles and outdated cars proliferate. These sources are missing, out-of-date, or misrepresented in state-of-the-science emission inventories. We address these deficiencies with a detailed inventory of Diffuse and Inefficient Combustion Emissions in Africa (DICE-Africa) for 2006 and 2013. Fuelwood for energy is the largest emission source in DICE-Africa, but grows from 2006 to 2013 at a slower rate than charcoal production and use, and gasoline and diesel for motorcycles, cars, and generators. Only kerosene use and gas flaring decline. Increase in emissions from 2006 to 2013 in this work is consistent with trends in satellite observations of formaldehyde and NO2, but much slower than the explosive growth projected with a fuel consumption model. Seasonal biomass burning is considered a large pollution source in Africa, but we estimate comparable emissions of black carbon and hi...
G Lonati - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Air Quality Impact assessment of at berth ship emissions case study for the project of a new freight port
Science of The Total Environment, 2010Co-Authors: G Lonati, S Cernuschi, Shelina SidiAbstract:Abstract This work is intended to assess the Impact on local Air Quality due to atmospheric emissions from port area activities for a new port in project in the Mediterranean Sea. The sources of Air pollutants in the harbour area are auxiliary engines used by ships at berth during loading/offloading operations. A fleet activity-based methodology is first applied to evaluate annual pollutant emissions (NOX, SOX, PM, CO and VOC) based on vessel traffic data, ships tonnage and in-port hotelling time for loading/offloading operations. The 3-dimensional Calpuff transport and dispersion model is then applied for the subsequent assessment of the ground level spatial distribution of atmospheric pollutants for both long-term and short-term averaging times. Compliance with current Air Quality standards in the port area is finally evaluated and indications for port operation are provided. Some methodological aspects of the Impact assessment procedure, namely those concerning the steps of emission scenario definitions and model simulations set-up at the project stage, are specifically addressed, suggesting a pragmatic approach for similar evaluations for small new ports in project.