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Thomas F Edgar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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predictive dynamic model of a small pressure swing adsorption Air Separation Unit
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 1999Co-Authors: Kenneth G Teague, Thomas F EdgarAbstract:A predictive dynamic model of a small pressure swing adsorption (PSA) Air Separation process was developed for the purposes of evaluation, optimization, and control of oxygen generation systems on board military Aircraft. A mathematical model of the adsorption beds was formulated by application of fundamental mass- and energy-transport modeling techniques. These equations were discretized using the Galerkin finite element technique. The resulting ODE systems were coupled with ODEs describing the rate of change of pressure in each bed and models of the feed and exhaust valves and purge orifice. The model was developed so that it is possible to predict the dynamic response of product oxygen composition and feed Air consumption to step changes in feed pressure, product flow rate, and cycle time. A laboratory PSA Unit similar in size to an on-board oxygen generation system (OBOGS) was constructed to validate the model. The laboratory Unit was constructed so that step changes could be implemented and the respo...
Adrian Balicki - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Determination of technical and economic parameters of an ionic transport membrane Air Separation Unit working in a supercritical power plant
Chemical and Process Engineering, 2016Co-Authors: Janusz Kotowicz, Sebastian Michalski, Adrian BalickiAbstract:Abstract In this paper an Air Separation Unit was analyzed. The Unit consisted of: an ionic transport membrane contained in a four-end type module, an Air compressor, an expander fed by gas that remains after oxygen Separation and heat exchangers which heat the Air and recirculated flue gas to the membrane operating temperature (850 °C). The Air Separation Unit works in a power plant with electrical power equal to 600 MW. This power plant additionally consists of: an oxy-type pulverized-fuel boiler, a steam turbine Unit and a carbon dioxide capture Unit. Life steam parameters are 30 MPa/650 °C and reheated steam parameters are 6 MPa/670 °C. The listed Units were analyzed. For constant electrical power of the power plant technical parameters of the Air Separation Unit for two oxygen recovery rate (65% and 95%) were determined. One of such parameters is ionic membrane surface area. In this paper the formulated equation is presented. The remaining technical parameters of the Air Separation Unit are, among others: heat exchange surface area, power of the Air compressor, power of the expander and auxiliary power. Using the listed quantities, the economic parameters, such as costs of Air Separation Unit and of individual components were determined. These quantities allowed to determine investment costs of construction of the Air Separation Unit. In addition, they were compared with investment costs for the entire oxy-type power plant.
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enhancing the overall efficiency of a lignite fired oxyfuel power plant with cfb boiler and membrane based Air Separation Unit
Energy Conversion and Management, 2014Co-Authors: Janusz Kotowicz, Adrian BalickiAbstract:The power plant analyzed in this paper consists of the following systems: a steam turbine, a supercritical OXY-type circulating fluidized bed boiler fed with lignite characterized by a high moisture content (42.5%), and an Air Separation Unit based on a 3-end type high temperature membrane and CO2 compression installation. The steam turbine gross power is equal to 600 MW, and both the live and reheated steam parameters are equal to 600 °C/29 MPa and 620 °C/5 MPa, respectively. With the assumed constant gross power of the analyzed plant, the thermal efficiency of the boiler and the power requirements of the equipment used in the above mentioned installations were calculated. These values and also the net efficiency of the analyzed plant were determined as a function of the oxygen recovery rate in the membrane (R). The net efficiency is lower by 7.26 percentage points in comparison with the reference system. The basic method to reduce the loss of net efficiency is to introduce an integrated system, both with a boiler and an ASU installation lignite drying system. This allowed for the reduction of the loss of net efficiency of up to 3.9 percentage points for the lignite dried to w = 20% and 3.3 percentage points at w = 10%. Increase in the intensity of the drying of the lignite not only causes an increase in the maximum system efficiency but also reduces the required membrane surface. A further reduction in the loss of efficiency is sought in the thermal integration of all installations with a steam turbine. This procedure which may improve efficiency by approximately 0.4 percentage point is intended to allow the closure of extractions in the steam turbine and an increase in turbine power.
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Analysis of the thermodynamic and economic effciency of a supercritical power Unit with a lignite-fed CFB boiler and an Air Separation Unit based on high-temperature membrane technology
Journal of Power of Technologies, 2013Co-Authors: Janusz Kotowicz, Adrian BalickiAbstract:This paper presents a thermodynamic and economic analysis of the supercritical power Unit with OXY type circulating fluidized bed boiler fed with lignite and Air Separation Unit based on a three-end type high-temperature membrane. The fluidized bed boiler model is integrated with the installation of fuel drying, flue gas dehumidifier and the flue gas stream compression Unit for further transportation. Models of the CFB boiler with fuel drying installation, Air Separation Unit (ASU) and flue gas compression installation (CCS) were built using GateCycle™ computer program. For the fuel drying process the expanded nitrogen and oxygen mixture stream from the Air Separation Unit was used. Thermodynamic analysis of the power Unit assumed examining of certain characteristics of the block as a function of the oxygen recovery rate in the high-temperature membrane and selecting the appropriate calculation point for further economic analysis. Within the economic analysis for a selected operation point of the block the estimated capital expenditures and break-even price of electricity under the assumption that the net present value of investment (NPV) is equal to zero were determined.
Janusz Kotowicz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Determination of technical and economic parameters of an ionic transport membrane Air Separation Unit working in a supercritical power plant
Chemical and Process Engineering, 2016Co-Authors: Janusz Kotowicz, Sebastian Michalski, Adrian BalickiAbstract:Abstract In this paper an Air Separation Unit was analyzed. The Unit consisted of: an ionic transport membrane contained in a four-end type module, an Air compressor, an expander fed by gas that remains after oxygen Separation and heat exchangers which heat the Air and recirculated flue gas to the membrane operating temperature (850 °C). The Air Separation Unit works in a power plant with electrical power equal to 600 MW. This power plant additionally consists of: an oxy-type pulverized-fuel boiler, a steam turbine Unit and a carbon dioxide capture Unit. Life steam parameters are 30 MPa/650 °C and reheated steam parameters are 6 MPa/670 °C. The listed Units were analyzed. For constant electrical power of the power plant technical parameters of the Air Separation Unit for two oxygen recovery rate (65% and 95%) were determined. One of such parameters is ionic membrane surface area. In this paper the formulated equation is presented. The remaining technical parameters of the Air Separation Unit are, among others: heat exchange surface area, power of the Air compressor, power of the expander and auxiliary power. Using the listed quantities, the economic parameters, such as costs of Air Separation Unit and of individual components were determined. These quantities allowed to determine investment costs of construction of the Air Separation Unit. In addition, they were compared with investment costs for the entire oxy-type power plant.
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enhancing the overall efficiency of a lignite fired oxyfuel power plant with cfb boiler and membrane based Air Separation Unit
Energy Conversion and Management, 2014Co-Authors: Janusz Kotowicz, Adrian BalickiAbstract:The power plant analyzed in this paper consists of the following systems: a steam turbine, a supercritical OXY-type circulating fluidized bed boiler fed with lignite characterized by a high moisture content (42.5%), and an Air Separation Unit based on a 3-end type high temperature membrane and CO2 compression installation. The steam turbine gross power is equal to 600 MW, and both the live and reheated steam parameters are equal to 600 °C/29 MPa and 620 °C/5 MPa, respectively. With the assumed constant gross power of the analyzed plant, the thermal efficiency of the boiler and the power requirements of the equipment used in the above mentioned installations were calculated. These values and also the net efficiency of the analyzed plant were determined as a function of the oxygen recovery rate in the membrane (R). The net efficiency is lower by 7.26 percentage points in comparison with the reference system. The basic method to reduce the loss of net efficiency is to introduce an integrated system, both with a boiler and an ASU installation lignite drying system. This allowed for the reduction of the loss of net efficiency of up to 3.9 percentage points for the lignite dried to w = 20% and 3.3 percentage points at w = 10%. Increase in the intensity of the drying of the lignite not only causes an increase in the maximum system efficiency but also reduces the required membrane surface. A further reduction in the loss of efficiency is sought in the thermal integration of all installations with a steam turbine. This procedure which may improve efficiency by approximately 0.4 percentage point is intended to allow the closure of extractions in the steam turbine and an increase in turbine power.
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Analysis of the thermodynamic and economic effciency of a supercritical power Unit with a lignite-fed CFB boiler and an Air Separation Unit based on high-temperature membrane technology
Journal of Power of Technologies, 2013Co-Authors: Janusz Kotowicz, Adrian BalickiAbstract:This paper presents a thermodynamic and economic analysis of the supercritical power Unit with OXY type circulating fluidized bed boiler fed with lignite and Air Separation Unit based on a three-end type high-temperature membrane. The fluidized bed boiler model is integrated with the installation of fuel drying, flue gas dehumidifier and the flue gas stream compression Unit for further transportation. Models of the CFB boiler with fuel drying installation, Air Separation Unit (ASU) and flue gas compression installation (CCS) were built using GateCycle™ computer program. For the fuel drying process the expanded nitrogen and oxygen mixture stream from the Air Separation Unit was used. Thermodynamic analysis of the power Unit assumed examining of certain characteristics of the block as a function of the oxygen recovery rate in the high-temperature membrane and selecting the appropriate calculation point for further economic analysis. Within the economic analysis for a selected operation point of the block the estimated capital expenditures and break-even price of electricity under the assumption that the net present value of investment (NPV) is equal to zero were determined.
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Influance of chosen working parameters of gas turbine Unit used in Air Separation Unit on efficiency of oxy-fuel supercritical power plant
Rynek Energii, 2013Co-Authors: Janusz Kotowicz, Sebastian MichalskiAbstract:The supercritical power plant analyzed in this paper, contains the following elements: steam turbine, hard coal fired oxy-type pulverized fuel boiler, carbon dioxide capture Unit, Air Separation Unit with: four-end type high-temperature membrane and gas turbine Unit. Gross electric power of the power plant is equal to 600 MW. The live steam thermodynamic parameters are 650 °C/30 MPa and the reheated steam parameters are 670 °C/6 MPa. Under the assumption of constant gross power of the analyzed power plant among others, a thermal boiler efficiency, a gross efficiency of the power plant and auxiliary powers of mentioned above installations were designated as a function of inlet gas turbine temperature and Air compressor pressure ratio for assumed oxygen recovery rate in high temperature membrane. With the knowledge of these quantities, a net efficiency of the power plant for two oxygen recovery rates were determined. Due to this efficiency the optimal Air compression ratios were determined.
Michael Baldea - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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demand response operation of electricity intensive chemical processes for reduced greenhouse gas emissions application to an Air Separation Unit
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 2019Co-Authors: Morgan T Kelley, Ross Baldick, Michael BaldeaAbstract:A recent push for reduced greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions has led (in part) to the addition of renewable electricity generation sources to the power generation mix. Renewables such as wind and solar are desynchronized from grid demand, requiring the use of fossil fuels to bridge the gap. We propose a novel production scheduling formulation, emissions-minimizing production (EMP), which utilizes time-based information on the nature of the power generation mix to lower GHG emissions related to the transmission and generation of electricity for industrial users. We demonstrate the application of EMP on a single-column Air Separation Unit. The scheduling problem is cast as a mixed integer linear program that can be solved in a practical amount of time. Extensive numerical studies are used to place EMP in the context of other production scheduling methods (such as demand response), and demonstrate its potential for significant reductions in GHG emissions.
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moving horizon scheduling of an Air Separation Unit under fast changing energy prices
IFAC-PapersOnLine, 2016Co-Authors: Richard C Pattison, Cara R Touretzky, Ted Johansson, Michael Baldea, Iiro HarjunkoskiAbstract:Abstract Maximizing the benefits of time-of-use pricing for industrial electricity consumers requires varying production rates, such that energy use is shifted from peak price periods to off-peak times during the day. Assuming that excess capacity and product storage are available, production of energy intensive processes can be increased at off-peak times beyond nominal rates, and the stored product can be used at peak times when the production rate is lowered. Under these rapidly changing circumstances, scheduling calculations must take into consideration explicitly the dynamic model of the process, often rendering the scheduling problem intractable in practical amounts of time. To address this challenge, we introduce a class of scheduling-relevant low-order process models, which capture the closed-loop input-output behavior of a plant. We use these models to close the scheduling loop, whereby the scheduling problem is formulated over a moving horizon with feedback. We apply the theoretical concepts to an industrial-scale Air Separation Unit model, demonstrating that variable production rate operation with product storage has the potential for significant operating cost savings while abiding by product quality and safety constraints.
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Design for dynamic performance: Application to an Air Separation Unit
Proceedings of the 2011 American Control Conference, 2011Co-Authors: Christopher L.e. Swartz, Michael BaldeaAbstract:The significant effect that the design of a plant can have on its dynamic performance has led to methodologies for systemic analysis of the interaction between design and control, and for inclusion of dynamic performance considerations in plant design. In this paper, an optimization-based approach is presented for identifying design characteristics that limit plant agility in the face of production demand and electricity price changes. Responding optimally to such variation could have a significant impact on plant economics and operational efficiency. The problem formulation is described, and its efficacy demonstrated through application to a case study based on an industrial nitrogen production plant. Conclusions are drawn, and avenues for future research identified.
Kenneth G Teague - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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predictive dynamic model of a small pressure swing adsorption Air Separation Unit
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 1999Co-Authors: Kenneth G Teague, Thomas F EdgarAbstract:A predictive dynamic model of a small pressure swing adsorption (PSA) Air Separation process was developed for the purposes of evaluation, optimization, and control of oxygen generation systems on board military Aircraft. A mathematical model of the adsorption beds was formulated by application of fundamental mass- and energy-transport modeling techniques. These equations were discretized using the Galerkin finite element technique. The resulting ODE systems were coupled with ODEs describing the rate of change of pressure in each bed and models of the feed and exhaust valves and purge orifice. The model was developed so that it is possible to predict the dynamic response of product oxygen composition and feed Air consumption to step changes in feed pressure, product flow rate, and cycle time. A laboratory PSA Unit similar in size to an on-board oxygen generation system (OBOGS) was constructed to validate the model. The laboratory Unit was constructed so that step changes could be implemented and the respo...
